US3792488A - Fixing apparatus - Google Patents

Fixing apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3792488A
US3792488A US00279265A US3792488DA US3792488A US 3792488 A US3792488 A US 3792488A US 00279265 A US00279265 A US 00279265A US 3792488D A US3792488D A US 3792488DA US 3792488 A US3792488 A US 3792488A
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United States
Prior art keywords
fixing
chamber
vapor
evaporating
solvent
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00279265A
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English (en)
Inventor
N Katakabe
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/20—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
    • G03G15/2096—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using a solvent

Definitions

  • the apparatus has a fixing chamber 355/100 having an aperture facing the film and an inlet through [51] Int. Cl. 603d 3/00 i h xing lv n i ppli An ev por ing d [58] Field of Search...
  • 355/10, 27, 100, 106; 95/13, vice is mounted on the fixing chamber for evaporating 95/14, 89 G, 94 G, 89 R the solvent and includes an evaporating chamber, a radiation plate parallel to photoconductive surface of [56] References Cited the film and a heating element for heating the evapo- UNITED STATES PATENTS rating chamber.
  • An engaging device is provided for moving the film and the chamber relative to each X3232 Q other so as to bring the aperture of the chamber into 3z697jl73 10/1972 Sasaki 355/27 air-tight engagement with the film.
  • vapor fixing This solvent vapor process is referred to in the art as vapor fixing.
  • vapor fixing method which is to soften the photoconductive film in the presence of the vapor of the solvent so as to fix a visible image formed by the toner to the surface of the film without image distortion.
  • the photoconductive film suitable for this fixing method is essentially made from an organic material such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole, and the solvent used for fixing is a volatile organic solvent such as methylene chloride.
  • the vapor fixing method is very useful in an apparatus for producing a micro-image on a film mounted beforehand an a slide mount or on aperture card.
  • the vapor fixing method for the vapor of solvent to contact only the photoconductive film during the fixing. If the liquid solvent is scattered on the photoconductive film, even though only a small quantity contacts the film such as in small spots, the image may be stained with scale-like spots.
  • the solvent for fixing is characterized by various degrees of toxicity, and the problem of minimizing escape into the ambient atmosphere should be taken into account. Therefore, if a large volume of the vapor of the solvent leaks from the apparatus, it may produce a generally uncomfortable atmosphere for the operators'of the apparatus. In the apparatus for continuously fixing a rollof film, ventilation equipment is required to avoid atmospheric contamination.
  • a fixing apparatus which comprises a fixing chamber having an aperture facing the photoconductive surface of a film and an inlet through which fixing solvent is supplied to said chamber; evaporating means mounted on said fixing chamber and including an evaporating member for quickly evaporating said solvent, and a heating element for heating said evaporating member; engaging means for moving said film and said chamber relative to each other so as to bring said and aperture of said chamber into air-tight engagement with said film; solvent supply means for supplying a predetermined quantity of said solvent to said evaporating member in said chamber through said inlet, whereby the supplied fixing solvent is evaporated by said evaporating member to form a vapor of the solvent which acts to fix the developed visible image on the photoconductive surface of said film.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a photoconductive film unit to be fixed in the apparatus according to this invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view taken along a line 2-2 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a general side view of a preferred embodiment according to this invention, partly in section and partly broken away for the purpose of clearness;
  • FIG. 4 is a side sectional view of a fixing chamber in position for carrying out a fixing operation.
  • FIG. 5 is a front elevational view taken along a line 55 of FIG. 4, partly in section and partly broken away for the purpose of clearness.
  • a photoconductive film unit 10 to be fixed by the apparatus according to the present invention has a transparent photoconductive film (11) mounted between a first mount (12) and a second mount (13).
  • a visible image is easily produced on the photoconductive film (11) of the unit by means of an electrophotographic process which is well known. The details of such a method and apparatus have been described in copending US. pat. application Ser. No. l22,8 19 now US. Pat. No. 3,697, I 73. Therefore, a description of the methods and means for producing a visible image is omitted in the present patent application.
  • the solvent used in the preferred embodiment is a volatile organic material such as methylene chloride, methyl chloroform, toluene, trichloroethylene, benzene and chlorobenzene.
  • the vapor of such solvents is suitable for easily softening the photoconductive layer (14) on which the image is to be supported.
  • the preferred solvents are methylene chloride, toluene and methyl chloroform which are characterized by a low degree of toxicity.
  • the fixing apparatus comprises a fixing chamber (20), an evaportating means a solvent supply means (40), and an engaging means (60).
  • the fixing chamber (20) has an aperture (21) formed in one side thereof, an inlet (22) through which the solvent (45) is supplied from the solvent supply means (40) to the chamber (20), and a vapor discharging outlet (23) formed at the lower portion thereof.
  • the aperture (21) faces the principal photoconductive surface of the photoconductive film unit (10).
  • the size of said aperture (21) is larger than an effective image area on the film (11) (or larger than the opening (17) formed in the mounts (12) and (13)). Therefore, an edge (37) provided around the aperture (21) is contacted with the photoconductive film unit (10) by the engaging means (60) as described hereinafter.
  • the inlet (22) is provided at the upper portion of the chamber (20) and is connected to the solvent supply means (40) by a flexible pipe (47).
  • the vapor discharging outlet (23) formed in the lower portion of the chamber (20) is a slit which serves to discharge the vapor of the solvent (45) used for fixing from the chamber 20.
  • the evaporating means (30) comprises an evaporating chamber member (31) and a heating element (32) for heating said evaporating member (31 and is mounted within the chamber (20) as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the evaporating chamber member 31 encloses one side and the bottom of an evaporating chamber 33 for evaporating and the fixing solvent (45), and the upper end of a radiation plate (34) forms the other side of the chamber 33.
  • the plate 34 has the upper end spaced from the top of chamber 20 to define I a vapor vent (3S
  • the evaporating room chamber (33) is positioned in the upper portion of the chamber (20) and receives the fixing solvent (45) throughthe inlet (22).
  • the radiation plate (34) is mounted within the chamber (20) in the vicinity of of the aperture (21), covering almost the full size of the aperture (21), and facing and being parallel to the photoconductive surface of the film (11).
  • the vapor vent'(35) at the upper end of the radiation plate (34) is higher than the top portion of the visible image on the film (11).
  • the vapor vent (35) is in the shape of a slit defined between the radiation plate 34) and the inside of the top wall of the chamber 20).
  • the heating element (32) is fixed to the evaporating chamber member (31) and the radiation plate 34 and heats the evaporating chamber (33) and the radiation plate (34) to a constant temperature which is at least higher than the boiling point of the solvent (45) employed.
  • the heating element (32) can be made from material such as a nichrome wire, a semi-conductive ceramic,
  • a heating element (32) suitable for this invention will be described in detail hereinafter.
  • the solvent supply means (40) for supplying a predetermined volume of the solvent to the evaporating means (30) through the inlet (22) in the chamber (20).
  • the solvent supply means (40) comprises a receptacle (41 a pot (42) and a moving means (43).
  • the receptacle (4]) stores the solvent (45).
  • Said solvent (45) is supplied to the pot (42) through a pipe (44).
  • the pot (42) has a solvent outlet (46) which-is connected to the inlet (22) of the fixing chamber (20) by the flexible pipe (47).
  • the moving means (43) comprises a slide rod (48) movable in the pot (42), and a lever (51) for moving the rod (48);
  • One end of the rod (48) having a tapered portion (49) is usually engaged in the solvent outlet (46) so as to close it, and the other end of the rod (48) has a pin (50) which connects the rod (48) with the lever (51).
  • Said lever (51) is pivotally mounted on a shaft (52).
  • the solvent (45) does not flow from the pot (42).
  • the rod (48) is moved upward by the lever (51) (in the direction of arrow (53))
  • the solvent (45) flows from the pot (42) and is supplied to the evaporating chamber (33) in the chamber (20) through the outlet (46), the pipe (47) and. the inlet (22).
  • the lever (51) is driven by a conventional solenoid (not shown). If the movement of the lever (51) is controlled so that is is held in the pivoted position for a given time, a predetermined quantity of the solvent (45) is supplied to the evaporating chamber (33) for every movement of the lever (51).
  • a predetermined quantity suitable for this invention is approx. 0.05 CC.
  • the engaging means (60) comprises a shaft 61) fixed to the chamber (20), a guide (62) supported on a support (63) and through which shaft 61 is slidable, a crank lever (66) pivotally mounted on a pin (67), and
  • the shaft (61) guided in the guide (62) is horizontally movable and has a pivot (64) by which the shaft (61) is coupled to the crank lever (66).
  • the crank lever (66) is usually moved in clockwise direction around the pin (67) by a driving means (not shown) such as a motor and a solenoid, whereby the shaft (61) moves in a direction opposite to the arrow (68) against the bias of the spring (65) as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the chamber (20) is normally positioned at a point spaced a distance from the photoconductive film unit so as to allow the film unit (10) to move to another station.
  • the movement of the crank lever (66) in a counterclockwise direction causes the chamber to contact the film unit (10) under the biasof the spring (61).
  • the photoconductive film unit (10) having a visible image (80) thereon is supported in a substantially vertical plane by Y i a guide rail (70).
  • the chamber (20) faces the film unit (10), being spaced therefrom a distance as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the visible image (80) is composed of a toner such as finely divided graphite particles.
  • crank lever (66) is moved in a counterclockwise direction around the pin (67) so that the edge (37) of the chamber (20) is brought into contact with the mount of the film unit (10) under the bias of the spring (65) as shown in FIG. 4.
  • a space (36) is formed between the film unit (10) and the radiation plate (34).
  • the space (36) is substantially air-tight except for the vapor discharging outlet (23).
  • the predetermined quantity of the solvent (45) is supplied to the evaporating chamber (33) through the inlet (22) by means of the solvent supply means (40).
  • Both the evaporating chamber 33 and the radiation plate (34) have been previously heated to the constant temperature by the heating element (32). Accordingly, the supplied solvent (45) is immediately evaporated in the chamber (33) so that the vapor of the solvent (45) is introduced into the space (36) through the vapor vent I
  • the vapor filling the space (36) automatically moves from the vapor vent (35) to the vapor discharging outlet (23), because the specific gravity of the vapor of the solvent (45 is greater than the air.
  • the movement of the vapor causes the vapor to contact the photoconductive surface of the film (11) having the visible image (80) in the space (36). Accordingly, the photoconductive layer (14) (as shown in FIG. 2) is softened by exposure to the vapor of the solvent (45) so that the visible image (80) is fixed to the surface of the film (11) during fixing operational periods.
  • the radiation plate (34) previously heated as aforementioned serves to keep the atmosphere in the space 36) at a constant temperature, whereby the vapor supplied fromthe chamber (33) is never liquified in the space (36). If the vapor is liquified in the space (36), the film (l l) and the image (80) are stained with scalelike spots. In order to further prevent directly scattering the liquid of the solvent (45) onto the surface of the film (1 1) during the generation of the vapor within the evaporating chamber (33), the vapor vent (35 is positioned above the top portion of the film (l1) and is a narrow opening as aforementioned.
  • the gap between the film (11) and the radiation plate (34) it is desirable in order to minimize the consumption of the solvent (45 that the gap between the film (11) and the radiation plate (34) be as narrow as possible.
  • This gap is approx. l.0mm-2.0mm in the preferred embodiment.
  • 0.05cc of solvent is enough to fix one film unit (10).
  • the chamber (20) Upon the completion of the fixing, the chamber (20) is returned to the initial position (as shown in FIG. 3) by the movement of the crank lever (66) so that the fixed film unit (10) is permitted to move to another station.
  • the timing of the above operation is easily controlled by a conventional means such as a solenoid, motor, microswitch, etc.
  • a heating element (32) suitable for this invention consists of a semi-conductive ceramic material having a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance.
  • the semi-conductive ceramic consists essentially of barium titanate and an. additive combination of aluminum and silicon oxide. This ceramic has been disclosed in US. Pat. No. 3,373,120.
  • the heating element (32) made from this ceramic has a characteristic such that an electric current flowing through the element decreases with increasing ambient temperature and vice versa. Therefore, with this heating element (32), the evaporating member to be heated and the atmosphere within the space (36) are automatically controlled so that they are kept at a given temperature (approx.
  • the apparatus according to this invention is characterized by the following features.
  • the apparatus according to this invention fixes a visible image to the surface of the photoconductive film without image distortion in the presence of the vapor of the solvent. Therefore, it is very useful in an apparatus for a micro image on a transparent film such as socalled microfilm, and is also suitable for use in an apparatus for intermittently fixing one frame of film mounted beforehand on a slide mount or an aperture card.
  • the capacity of the space (36) for receiving the vapor during the fixing can be minimized by the effective combination with the chamber (20) and the evaporating means (30) as shown in FIG. 4 so that the consumption of the fixing solvent (45) is reduced to a small quantity such as 0.05cc per one film unit. Therefore, the apparatus according to the present invention will discharge less vapor to the atmosphere, reducing ventilation requirements, and does not cause discomfort to the operator.
  • the evaporating chamber (33) and the vapor vent (35) are spaced from the surface of the film so that the film is protected against the stains caused by the undesirable contact of the liquid of the solvent with the film.
  • the vapor used for the fixing is automatically discharged from the chamber through the discharging outlet because the fixing chamber is facing to the film in a substantially vertical plane.
  • a heating element having a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance automatically controls the temperature of the parts to be heated. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide additional equipment for controlling temperature and also the high electric power source.
  • this invention provides a compact and unexpensive fixing apparatus having low electric current requirements, as compared with conventional fixing apparatus.
  • a fixing apparatus for fixing a developed visible image in a substantially vertical plane on an organic photoconductive film comprising:
  • a fixing chamber having an aperture located in a substantially vertical plane over which the film with a visible image on an organic photoconductive layer is to be positioned in said substantially vertical plane and having an inlet through which a volatile organic solvent is supplied into said fixing chamber;
  • evaporating means mounted in said fixing chamber and comprising an evaporating chamber member, said member defining a portion of an evaporating chamber for evaporating a volatile organic solvent to a vapor, a radiation plate, said radiation plate positioned adjacent said evaporating chamber and defining a portion of said evaporation chamber, said radiation plate facing in parallel to the plane of said aperture and further defining a narrow space within said fixing chamber with respect to the plane of said aperture, and a heating element thermally coupled with said evaporating chamber member for heating said evaporating chamber member;
  • solvent supply means coupled to said inlet for supplying a predetermined quantity of the volatile organic solvent to said evaporating chamber in said fixing chamber through said inlet, the supplied volatile organic solvent being evaporated by said evaporating chamber member into a vapor of solvent and forming a vapor atmosphere in said narrow space during the fixing of the developed image, so that the developed visible image on the film is fixed.
  • said fixing chamber further includes a vapor discharging outlet at the lower portion thereof, said narrow space in said chamber communicating with the outside by means of said vapor discharging outlet thus discharging vapor from said narrow space.
  • heating element is a semi-conductive ceramic material having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance for heating said evaporating chamber member and maintaining said space at a temperature maintaining the vapor atmosphere during the fixing.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Photographic Developing Apparatuses (AREA)
US00279265A 1971-08-18 1972-08-09 Fixing apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3792488A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP46063148A JPS5137014B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-08-18 1971-08-18

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US3792488A true US3792488A (en) 1974-02-12

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US00279265A Expired - Lifetime US3792488A (en) 1971-08-18 1972-08-09 Fixing apparatus

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US (1) US3792488A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5137014B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA972553A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2240952B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1380482A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4178089A (en) * 1976-12-30 1979-12-11 Spence Bate Photographic developer
US4392734A (en) * 1980-04-28 1983-07-12 Photon Chroma, Inc. Electrophotographic camera
US5140377A (en) * 1991-11-25 1992-08-18 Xerox Corporation Thermal fusing of toner in xerographic apparatus using water vapor
US5736290A (en) * 1996-04-01 1998-04-07 Zillmer; Jeff Non-azeotropic solvent composition and method of using same for vapor-freezing images formed of powder toner on a recording carrier
US20100111549A1 (en) * 2008-10-31 2010-05-06 Xerox Corporation Fusers, printing apparatuses and methods of fusing toner on media

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5261823U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1975-10-31 1977-05-07
JPS5319116A (en) * 1976-08-06 1978-02-22 Toyoda Chuo Kenkyusho Kk Method of tempering steel plate simultaneously with moulding thereof
DE2719575A1 (de) * 1977-05-02 1978-11-09 Siemens Ag Vorrichtung zum drucken von zeichen auf einem aufzeichnungstraeger, bei dem toner mit hilfe eines loesungsmittels geloest und im aufzeichnungstraeger fixiert wird
DE3117071C2 (de) * 1981-04-29 1984-03-29 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Fixiereinrichtung zum Fixieren von Tonerbildern in einer mit Fixiermitteldampf angereicherten Atmosphäre
JPH089733B2 (ja) * 1985-03-27 1996-01-31 イエニイ プレツセン アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト 工作物を流れ作業方式で歪みなく熱機械的に処理する方法及び設備

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2856829A (en) * 1955-12-07 1958-10-21 Orlando Carl Apparatus for making photographic reproductions for projection
US3149550A (en) * 1960-10-13 1964-09-22 Ford Motor Co Apparatus and technique for film developing
US3174420A (en) * 1963-04-22 1965-03-23 Aizawa Tatsuo Automatic electronic control system in the continuous printing and ammonia gas developing machine for sensitive papers
US3181444A (en) * 1962-08-27 1965-05-04 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Control and actuation of rapid processing equipment
US3323436A (en) * 1965-03-17 1967-06-06 Ibm Method and apparatus for development of film
US3528355A (en) * 1967-09-01 1970-09-15 Xerox Corp Camera-processor
US3534673A (en) * 1967-08-29 1970-10-20 Gaf Corp Photocopy developing apparatus
US3589810A (en) * 1967-12-28 1971-06-29 Ricoh Kk Processing device for photocopying machine
US3646315A (en) * 1967-12-20 1972-02-29 Texas Instruments Inc Self-regulated heating device
US3697173A (en) * 1970-03-13 1972-10-10 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Electrophotographic processor camera

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2856829A (en) * 1955-12-07 1958-10-21 Orlando Carl Apparatus for making photographic reproductions for projection
US3149550A (en) * 1960-10-13 1964-09-22 Ford Motor Co Apparatus and technique for film developing
US3181444A (en) * 1962-08-27 1965-05-04 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Control and actuation of rapid processing equipment
US3174420A (en) * 1963-04-22 1965-03-23 Aizawa Tatsuo Automatic electronic control system in the continuous printing and ammonia gas developing machine for sensitive papers
US3323436A (en) * 1965-03-17 1967-06-06 Ibm Method and apparatus for development of film
US3534673A (en) * 1967-08-29 1970-10-20 Gaf Corp Photocopy developing apparatus
US3528355A (en) * 1967-09-01 1970-09-15 Xerox Corp Camera-processor
US3646315A (en) * 1967-12-20 1972-02-29 Texas Instruments Inc Self-regulated heating device
US3589810A (en) * 1967-12-28 1971-06-29 Ricoh Kk Processing device for photocopying machine
US3697173A (en) * 1970-03-13 1972-10-10 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Electrophotographic processor camera

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4178089A (en) * 1976-12-30 1979-12-11 Spence Bate Photographic developer
US4392734A (en) * 1980-04-28 1983-07-12 Photon Chroma, Inc. Electrophotographic camera
US5140377A (en) * 1991-11-25 1992-08-18 Xerox Corporation Thermal fusing of toner in xerographic apparatus using water vapor
US5736290A (en) * 1996-04-01 1998-04-07 Zillmer; Jeff Non-azeotropic solvent composition and method of using same for vapor-freezing images formed of powder toner on a recording carrier
US20100111549A1 (en) * 2008-10-31 2010-05-06 Xerox Corporation Fusers, printing apparatuses and methods of fusing toner on media
US7848668B2 (en) 2008-10-31 2010-12-07 Xerox Corporation Fusers, printing apparatuses and methods of fusing toner on media

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1380482A (en) 1975-01-15
DE2240952B2 (de) 1977-04-07
JPS4829443A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-04-19
JPS5137014B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-10-13
CA972553A (en) 1975-08-12
DE2240952A1 (de) 1973-04-05

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