US3792380A - Signal switching arrangement - Google Patents

Signal switching arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
US3792380A
US3792380A US00322665A US3792380DA US3792380A US 3792380 A US3792380 A US 3792380A US 00322665 A US00322665 A US 00322665A US 3792380D A US3792380D A US 3792380DA US 3792380 A US3792380 A US 3792380A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
relay
switching arrangement
switches
break
relay coils
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00322665A
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English (en)
Inventor
M Murotani
T Yano
K Koyama
T Motojima
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NEC Corp
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp
Original Assignee
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp
Nippon Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp, Nippon Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp
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Publication of US3792380A publication Critical patent/US3792380A/en
Assigned to NIPPON TELEGRAPH & TELEPHONE CORPORATION reassignment NIPPON TELEGRAPH & TELEPHONE CORPORATION CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE ON 07/12/1985 Assignors: NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE PUBLIC CORPORATION
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/74—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission for increasing reliability, e.g. using redundant or spare channels or apparatus

Definitions

  • controlling relay coil is controlled by a variable resistance in series between the energizing source of power [56] References Cited and the relay coil.
  • the de-energiz ation release time of UNITED STATES PATENTS each swltch controlling relay coil is controlled by a variable resistance in parallel with said relay coil. 3,422,279 1/1969 Rowell.
  • the present invention relates to an arrangement for signal switching and, more particularly, to a mechanical switching arrangement utilizing electromagnetic relays for the basic frequency band circuit and/or intermediate frequency band circuit included in a microwave communication system.
  • the mechanical coaxial switch has particularly high reliability.
  • the conventional mechanical coaxial switch employes a plurality of relays, whose response characteristics or operational speedare different from one another. This tends to cause the momentary total interruption of signals at the time of switchover.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a signal switching arrangement adapted to avoid the above-mentioned momentary interruption of signals.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel signal switching arrangement for use in a standby switchover system, which is capable of avoiding the signal level variation even at the moment where the movable contact of the switch is momentarily in contact, so as to avoid the momentary interruption, with both the two fixed contacts coupled to the operating andstand-by transmission circuits.
  • a signal switching arrangement comprising two signal input terminals, one signal output terminal, a predetermined number of switching contacts for selectively connecting one of said input terminals and the output terminal, and a plurality of electromagnetic relays for controlling said switching contacts, a first and a second variable impedance elements respectively connected in series and in parallel with the winding of each said relays, the impedances of said first and second variable impedance means being variable to thereby control the time for the response of the relays to their energization and release, whereby the momentary interruption of the signal is avoided.
  • An embodiment of the present invention employs, as said relays, two relays of different types, i.e., the bridge type and the non-bridge type, the former providing, in contrast to the latter, a temporary simultaneous connection between the movable contact and fixed contacts at the time of switchover.
  • FIGS. 1a and lb illustrate typical examples of the conventional switching arrrangement employing coaxial switches
  • FIG. 2 shows a fundamental relay circuit for explaining the principle of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the time response characteristics of the circuit shown in FIG. 2
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the present invention having four relays
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the response time characteristics of the respective relays for the case where the embodiment of FIG. 4 is adjusted to form a non-momentary-interruption type switching arrangement;
  • FIG. 6 shows an equivalent circuit for illustrating the increase in the signal level at a load observed during the switchover period of the non-interruption type signal switch
  • FIG. 7 is shows the response time characteristics of the respective relays employed in the circuit arrangement of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 shows another equivalent circuit for illustrating the operation of the embodiment at the moment of the switchover.
  • FIG. 1 showing examples of conventioned circuits for selectively connecting one of the two input terminals A and B to one output terminal C
  • four electromagnetic relay windings RL RL RL and RL connected in parallel as shown in FIG. 1(a) are coupled to a power source E through a switch S.
  • relay contacts rl r1 r1 and rl. of the respective relays RL RL are connected, as illustrated in FIG. 1(b), to form a network lying between the two input terminals A, B and the output terminal C.
  • a resistor having resistance R is inserted between the ground and one of the fixed contacts of each of the relays.
  • the relays RL, RL. respectively having the contacts rl r] are of the coaxial type with the contacts connected to axical conductors of coaxial cables.
  • the input terminal A is connected with output terminal C, with the movable contacts of rl and rl brought to contact with the upper fixed contacts thereof and with the other input terminal B terminated by the resistor R Upon the closure of the switch S to simultaneously energize relays RL RL the terminal B is connected to terminal C while terminal A is terminated by the resistor R As will be apparent from FIG. 1(b), the relays RL and RL, are for avoiding the leakage of the switched-off input signal to the output terminal C.
  • the response to the application and disconnection of the power supply is controlled-by additional impedance elements.
  • the relay coil-RL is shunted by a serially connected diode X and a variable resistor R,,, with a variable resistor R connected in series with the relay RL, a power source E and a switch S.
  • the response speed of the relay RL becomes controllable as shown in FIG. 3, in which the resistance of resistor R and R, is taken along the abscissa, while the response time is taken along the ordinate.
  • the response time to the energization is controlled by adjusting the resistor R, as shown by curve 1 and the response to the release is controlled by the resistor R as shown by curve 2.
  • the response time of the relay RL to the energization is controlled by adjusting the variable resistor R,.
  • the variable resistor R connected in response time to the energization owing to the presence of the diode X which is connected in the reverse direction with respect to the applied voltage.
  • the response of the realy RL to the release is achieved by discharging through the shunt resistor R,, the energy stored in its driving winding during the application of the power supply.
  • variable resistors RV RV corresponding respec tively to R in FIG. 2, variable resistors RV RV corresponding respectively to X are additionally incorporated into the circuit. Further, diodes X, -X4 are incorporated in order to effect the controls of the response times of the relays RL RL4 to the release respectively independently.
  • An ideal operation will now be explained as to the case where the non-bridge type switch is employed as each of the relays RL, RL Under this state, the signal circuit A C in FIG. 1(b) is switched to the circuit B C without momentary interruption. Reference is made to a response time chart of the respective relays as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the terms the non-bridge type denote a relay having mere switching construction of a single-pole double-throw type.
  • t and t denote starting points'of the contacts rl and rl.,, respectively (the sequence of t and t is not restricted to this example).
  • Time t indicates motional completing points of the contacts rl and rl,,, which are also starting points of the contacts rl and r1 Times t, and t represent completing points of the contacts rl and r1 respectively (the sequence of t and t is not restrictive).
  • the time lag between the starting time points of the contacts rl and rl over the completing time t of the contacts rl and rl causes the signals to be overlapped within the period of the simultaneous connection of the movable contact with the fixed contacts. Conversely, if the former leads the latter, the momentary-interruption arises. If the response time of the relays RL, RL, is appropriately controlled by adjusting the variable resistors RV RV, the ideal switchover as shown in FIG. 5 is made possible. As regards thesetting of the response time of the relays to the disconnection of the power supply as is performed in order to restore the state of the signal circuit after the switchover, quite the same principle is applied.
  • the signaloverlap-type switching can also be easily realized by merely adjusting the variable resistors.
  • the bridge-type mercury contact relay comprises as its principal constituents a switching section -with contacts, mercury and high-pressure hydrogen gas sealed into a glass tube.
  • An armature is electromagnetically driven by means of an electromagnetic coil disposed around the switching section.
  • the contact section is always wetted by the capillary action of mercury, and the opening and closure of the circuit are effected by mercury. Therefore, the relay is perfectly free from chattering, and it 'has high mechanical stability and long life.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates the bridge formed between the movable contact and two fixed contacts of the mercury contact relay, with FIG. 9(a) representing a position before motional starting, FIG. 9(b) illustrating an intermediate position of the transfer, and FIG. 9(c) showing a position after the completion of the operation.
  • Time t designates the moment of the completion of the contacts r1 and r1 and a mercury-bridge starting time of the contact rl
  • Time t indicates a starting time of the contact r1 t a time point at which the bridged mercury of the contact rl is severed; and t the completion of the motion of the contact rl
  • the sequence of the time points t and t is not restricted to the illustrated one.
  • the period of time between t and t is determined to overlap the two input signals.
  • the resistor R connected to the makecontact of the contact rl serves as a common load for the two signals.
  • a current of onehalfl is caused to flow through the load R at the point C, and it is of quite the same level at the time of the absence of combination.
  • This principle is similarly applicable to the setting of the response time of the relays to the release.
  • the mercury contact relay has been herein referred to as the bridge-type relay, it is also possible to employ a relay so designed as to effect the bridging effect without resorting to mercury in the contact section. I
  • a signal switching arrangement having a driving circuit of a plurality of electromagnetic relays for selectively connecting one of two input circuits to-one output terminal, a signal switching arrangement comprising a plurality of first variable impedance elements connected in series with a driving winding of each said relay, respectively, and a plurality of second variable impedance elements connected in parallel with each said relay, respectively, wherein said first and second variable impedance elements permit separate adjustment so as to control the response time of each said relay and to avoid the possible momentary interruption of a signal at said output terminal at the time of switchover.
  • a signal switching arrangement according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of relays comprise bridge-typc and non -bridge-typc relays, so combined as to avoid a variation in the output level of transmission signals at time of switchover.
  • a switching circuit comprising,
  • said first and second switches being connected in series through their respective make contacts between a first input terminal and an output terminal, when said first and second relay coils are deenergized,
  • e means connected to said relay coils for adjusting the relative response times of said relay coils to energization and de-energization to insure that the relays controlling switches moving from make to break positions dont begin movement until the swithces moving from break to make position have completed this motion.
  • a switching arrangement as claimed in claim 3 wherein said means for adjusting comprises,
  • first through fourth means for individually adjusting the energization response time of said first through fourth relay coils respectively and b first through fourth means for individually adjusting the release time of said first through fourth relay coils respectively.
  • a switching arrangement as claimed in claim 4 further comprising means connecting the break contacts of said second and fourth swithces to ground and individual resistors connected between the break contacts of said first and third switches, respectively, and ground.
  • a switching arrangement as claimed in claim 5 wherein said first switch is a bridge switch of the type which contacts both the make and break terminals simultaneously during movement from one terminal to the other, and wherein the first means for adjusting the energization response time of the first relay coil is set to cause said first switch to complete movement from make to break position after the make-to-break movement of said second switch and substantially simultaneously with the start of make-to-break movement of said first and second switches.
  • said first through fourth means for adjusting energization response times comprises first through fourth variable series resistors connected in series, respectively, with said first through fourth relay coils and said power source, and further wherein said first through fourth means for adjusting release times comprises first through fourth variable parallel resistors connected in parallel, respectively, with said first through fourth relay coils.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
  • Filters And Equalizers (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
US00322665A 1972-01-14 1973-01-11 Signal switching arrangement Expired - Lifetime US3792380A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP47005875A JPS5210618B2 (fr) 1972-01-14 1972-01-14

Publications (1)

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US3792380A true US3792380A (en) 1974-02-12

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US00322665A Expired - Lifetime US3792380A (en) 1972-01-14 1973-01-11 Signal switching arrangement

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US (1) US3792380A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5210618B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE2301455C3 (fr)
GB (1) GB1384971A (fr)
IT (1) IT978139B (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4489295A (en) * 1982-12-17 1984-12-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Circuit interrupter with improved electro-mechanical undervoltage release mechanism
US5909353A (en) * 1996-08-10 1999-06-01 Temic Telefunken Microelectronic Gmbh Circuit arrangement for mutually independant switching of several inductive switching units in paralell

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4306231C2 (de) * 1993-02-27 1996-02-29 Abb Patent Gmbh Kontaktanordnung für einen Fehlerstromschutzschalter
DE4330472C2 (de) * 1993-09-08 1996-08-14 Spinner Gmbh Elektrotech Koaxialer Antennenwahlschalter

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3422279A (en) * 1965-08-30 1969-01-14 William G Rowell Electrical timing circuit

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3422279A (en) * 1965-08-30 1969-01-14 William G Rowell Electrical timing circuit

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4489295A (en) * 1982-12-17 1984-12-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Circuit interrupter with improved electro-mechanical undervoltage release mechanism
US5909353A (en) * 1996-08-10 1999-06-01 Temic Telefunken Microelectronic Gmbh Circuit arrangement for mutually independant switching of several inductive switching units in paralell

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1384971A (en) 1975-02-26
IT978139B (it) 1974-09-20
JPS4876451A (fr) 1973-10-15
DE2301455A1 (de) 1973-08-02
DE2301455C3 (de) 1980-06-19
DE2301455B2 (de) 1979-10-11
JPS5210618B2 (fr) 1977-03-25

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Owner name: NIPPON TELEGRAPH & TELEPHONE CORPORATION

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE PUBLIC CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004454/0001

Effective date: 19850718