US3791823A - Photoelectrophoretic imaging transfer method - Google Patents

Photoelectrophoretic imaging transfer method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3791823A
US3791823A US00012366A US3791823DA US3791823A US 3791823 A US3791823 A US 3791823A US 00012366 A US00012366 A US 00012366A US 3791823D A US3791823D A US 3791823DA US 3791823 A US3791823 A US 3791823A
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Prior art keywords
image
tackifiable
transfer
particles
electrode
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US00012366A
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L Carreira
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Xerox Corp
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Xerox Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/22—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
    • G03G15/24—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 whereby at least two steps are performed simultaneously
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/14—Transferring a pattern to a second base
    • G03G13/16—Transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/20—Fixing, e.g. by using heat
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/14—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/14—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base
    • G03G15/16—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer
    • G03G15/1695—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer with means for preconditioning the paper base before the transfer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/20—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G17/00—Electrographic processes using patterns other than charge patterns, e.g. an electric conductivity pattern; Processes involving a migration, e.g. photoelectrophoresis, photoelectrosolography; Processes involving a selective transfer, e.g. electrophoto-adhesive processes; Apparatus essentially involving a single such process
    • G03G17/04—Electrographic processes using patterns other than charge patterns, e.g. an electric conductivity pattern; Processes involving a migration, e.g. photoelectrophoresis, photoelectrosolography; Processes involving a selective transfer, e.g. electrophoto-adhesive processes; Apparatus essentially involving a single such process using photoelectrophoresis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G17/00—Electrographic processes using patterns other than charge patterns, e.g. an electric conductivity pattern; Processes involving a migration, e.g. photoelectrophoresis, photoelectrosolography; Processes involving a selective transfer, e.g. electrophoto-adhesive processes; Apparatus essentially involving a single such process
    • G03G17/10—Electrographic processes using patterns other than charge patterns, e.g. an electric conductivity pattern; Processes involving a migration, e.g. photoelectrophoresis, photoelectrosolography; Processes involving a selective transfer, e.g. electrophoto-adhesive processes; Apparatus essentially involving a single such process using migration imaging, e.g. photoelectrosolography
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof

Definitions

  • the electrodes are separated and the carrier liquid is allowed to evaporate. This leaves images on one or both of the electrodes made up of selectively deposited particles.
  • the carrier liquid may contain a small proportion of a wax or other binder which would serve to bind the particles together in the images. However, if more than a very small amount of binder material is used, undesirable interference with the imaging process takes place. Thus, the images are at this time in a fragile and easily damaged condition. It has been suggested that a transparent sheet be laminated over the images, or a transparent binder resin be sprayed over the images to form a protective coating. While, when carefully done, these techniques will protect the image, the image is often damaged during the application of the protective material.
  • thermo-adhesive coated sheets A method of transferring and fixing formed electrophoretic images from the imaging electrode using thermo-adhesive coated sheets has recently been developed. This process is disclosed and claimed in copending application Ser. No. 459,860, filed June 28, 1965.
  • a transfer sheet is prepared by coating onto the surface of a sheet, such as paper, a layer comprising a thermosolvent dispersed in a binder.
  • the thermosolvent has the characteristics of being a solid at ordinary temperatures but melting slightly above ordinary temperatures. When melted, this thermosolvent dissolves the binder resin making the coating surface very tacky.
  • thermo-adhesive coated sheet is heated above the melting temperature of the thermosolvent and the sheet is pressed against the particulate image. The sheet is then cooled leaving a fixed image embedded in the surface of the thermo-adhesive layer.
  • This system is capable of transferring substantially all of the particles from the electrode surface and of giving good abrasion resistance after cooling.
  • this system requires specially coated sheets and adds the need for the heating step before transfer.
  • Electrophoretic methods for transferring images formed on the injecting electrode to a receiving sheet are described and claimed in copending applications Ser. Nos. 542,050, filed Apr. 12, 1966 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,565,614 and Ser. No. 542,051, filed Apr. 12, 1966, now abandoned.
  • transfer is accomplished by placing the receiving sheet over the formed image, subjecting the formed image to a potential applied between the injecting electrode and the receiving sheet while actinic electromagnetic radiation is directed against the formed image.
  • the transfer sheet may have a pressure sensitive adhesive on the surface thereof to aid in complete transfer. This is a simple and effective transfer method.
  • the image on the receiving sheet is not fixed and is subject to smudging or other damage.
  • a transfer system utilizing a transfer sheet consisting of a paperlike material having incorporated therein an ingredient which is at least partially water softenable and/or tackifiable.
  • the sheet is used in a process in which a particulate electrophoretic image is formed, the transfer sheet is brought into contact with the particulate image, and the particles are transferred to it, the transfer sheet and image is then contacted with moisture to glycol, dimethacrylate, can be used as a water soluble thermosetting medium.
  • the following structure is representative of such a water solub l e polyester:
  • receiving sheets are exceptionally inexpensive since the added ingredient can be incorporated into the paper during the paper making process.
  • many of the sizing agents, such as ,starch and gelatin, which are normally incorporated into paper during the paper making process are at least partially water soluble or tackifiable so that many conventional papers may be used in this process. Since no coatings need to be applied to substrates, the transfer sheets are more economical to produce than those used previously. Further, since only water is necessary to soften sheets, no toxic volatile materials need to be used which may be hazardous to operators of machines .using the process of this invention.
  • the final image sheet appears to contain an image in the surface of ordinary paper. For many copying purposes this is desirable since the final product will have the appearance of a printed paper sheet.
  • the water softenable or tackifiable ingredient may comprise any suitable material.
  • Typical water soluble materials include water soluble resins such as polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, copolymers of methylvinylether and maleic anhydride; cellulosics such as methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, cyano ethyl cellulose; starch derivatives such as oxidized starches, enzyme conversions, dextrine conversions, amylose, amylpectin; casein; proteins such as gelatin, nucleo protein, poly(surcosane), sericin; other polysaccharides such as algenic acids, gum arabic, gum tragacanth, heparin, pectin; and mixtures thereof.
  • the water soluble material may also include a pigment, such as clay, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate; a dispersing agent, a plasticizer, a wetting agent, etc.
  • Typical materials include mixtures of polyvinyl alcohol and copolymers of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride; unsaturated water soluble polyesters such as the condensation product of fumaric acid, polyethylene glycol, and pentaerythritol when mixed with a water soluble diacrylate; for example, tetramethylene
  • water soluble thermosetting acrylic polymers which are prepared by acid/acrylate ester copolymerization crosslinked with hexakis (methoxymethyl) melamine to convert them to a water insoluble state are represented by the following structure:
  • CHQOOHZ Crosslink Polymer Polyvinyl alcohol can be crosslinked with aldehydes, for example, crotonaldehyde. These thermosetting water soluble materials are considered to form a preferred embodiment of this invention because of their outstanding resistance to moisture damage after fixing.
  • FIG. 1 shows a side view of a simple exemplary system for carrying out the process of this invention wherein the blocking electrode and the transfer sheet are in roller configuration.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of an exemplary system for carrying out this process wherein the transfer sheet is in the fonn of a tractor mounted web.
  • a transparent electrode generally designated 1 which, in this exemplary instance, is made up of a layer of optically transparent glass 2 overcoated with a thin optically transparent layer 3 of tin oxide, commercially available under the name NESA glass'.
  • This electrode will hereafter be referred to as the injecting electrode.”
  • On the surface of injecting electrode 1 is coated a thin layer 4 of finely divided photosensitive particles dispersed in an insulating carrier liquid.
  • photosensitive for the purposes of this application, refers to the properties of va particle which, once attracted to the injecting electrode, will migrate away from it under the influence of an applied electric field when it is exposed to actinic electromagnetic radiation.
  • a second electrode 5 Adjacent to the liquid suspension 4 is a second electrode 5, hereinafter called the blocking electrode" which is connected to one side of the potential source 6 through a switch 7, the opposite side of potential source 6 is connected to the injecting electrode 1 so that when switch 7 is closed, an electric field is applied across the liquid suspension 4 between electrodes 1 and 5.
  • An image projector made up of light source 8, a transparency 9, and a lens 10 is provided to expose the dispersion 4 to a light image of the original transparency 9 to be reproduced.
  • Electrode 5 is made in the form of a roller having a conductive central core 11 connected to the potential source 6.
  • the core is' covered with a layer of blocking electrode material 12, which may be insulating or substantially insulating, typically Baryta paper or Tedlar (a polyvinyl floride film available from E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company).
  • the pigment suspension is exposed to the image to be reproduced while a potential is applied. across the blocking and injecting electrodes by closing switch 7.
  • Roller 5 is caused to roll across the top surface of injecting electrode 1 with switch 7 closed during the period of image exposure.
  • Transfer roller 13 consists of a hollow conductive core 14 surrounded by a layer of substantially insulating material 15.
  • Layer 15 includes a material which is at least partially soluble or tackifiable in water.
  • this material may be a conventional water-soluble sizing agent incorporated into a paper sheet during conventional paper-making operations.
  • a paper sheet is a preferred material for us as layer 15.
  • the surface of conductive core 14 in contact with the inner surface of layer 15 is preferably perforated or screen-like so that moisture, typically in the form of steam, may be admitted into hollow core 14 and contact layer 15 to heat and/or moisten layer 15.
  • Means may also be provided to admit hot, dry air or to otherwise heat layer 15 to evaporate residual moisture therefrom after transfer of an image from injecting electrode 1 to layer 15.
  • the conductive core of transfer roller 13 is connected through switch 16 and power supply 17 to the injecting electrode.
  • the potential applied to the core of the transfer roller is opposite in sign to that applied to the core of the blocking electrode.
  • switch 16 is closed and transfer roller 13 is passed across the surface of injecting electrode 1.
  • the layer 15 is then moistened thereby softening and tackifmg layer 15. This permits the image particles to penetrate the surface of layer 15 and be embedded therein.
  • transfer roller 13 may be passed across the formed image without the application of a field across the image layer between transfer roller 13 and injecting electrode 1. Satisfactory transfer of the particulate image to the transfer roller surface will occur. How ever, it is preferred that a potential be applied to the core of the transfer roller opposite in sign to that applied to the core of the blocking electrode to aid complete transfer of the particulate image. This results in more complete image transfer thus producing an image of higher density. Also, since fewer particles are left on the surface of injecting electrode 1, the problems of cleaning this electrode before the formation of subsequent images is reduced.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of a system for continuously forming a photoelectrophoretic image
  • a tractor 18 is coupled to the blocking electrode 5 to automatically transfer and fix the positive image formed on the NESA glass surface 3;
  • the tractor 18 comprises a frame 19 which supports the blocking electrode 5 and image transfer means for movement across the imaging surface.
  • the transfer means consists of a continuous transfer web 20 of substantially insulating material, e.g., paper which contains an ingredient which is at least partially soluble in water.
  • the web is mounted on supply roller 21 and is adapted to pass in contact with guide rollers 22 and 23 on its way to take up roller 24.
  • Guide Roller 22 is hollow and has a perforated or screen-like surface.
  • a conduit 25 is provided to introduce moist air or steam into guide roller 22.
  • Shield means is provided to prevent excess leakage of the moist air or steam.
  • the moisture softens and tackifies web 20 to permit the particulate image to become embedded therein.
  • Guide roller 23 is provided, if desired, with means to heat and thus dry web 20.
  • the heating means may consist, for example, of steam admitted through conduit 26 to the interior of closed roller 23. In operation, a mixture of photosensitive particles in a substantially insulating carrier liquid is coated onto injecting electrode 1.
  • the photosensitive mix is exposed to an image with switch 7 closed and the tracthe web rehardens.
  • the imaged transfer roller would not necessarily be rolled upon itself on roller 24.
  • the web could be fed to a cutting means which would cut each image area from the web and feed the individual sheets to a receiving tray.
  • brush 27 cleans unwanted pigments from the surface of blocking electrode 5.
  • the tractor is then raised slightly and returned to the starting position without again contacting the injecting electrode surface.
  • Dashed line 28 schematically indicates the path taken by axle 29 of the blocking electrode during the imaging and return movements.
  • the device shcematicallyrepresented is capable of continuously forming, transferring, fixing and storing photoelectrophoretic images.
  • Any suitable photosensitive particle or mixtures of such particles may be used in carrying out the imaging process, regardless of whether the particular particle selected is organic, inorganic and is made up of one or more components in solid solution or dispersed one in the other or whether the particles are made up of multiple layers of different materials.
  • Typical photosensitive particles include organic pigments such as those listed in copending application Ser. No. 655,022 filed July 21,1967 now U. S. Pat. No. 3,384,488 issued May 21, 1968 to V. Tulagin and L. Carreira the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Typical particles include those which are made up of only the pure photosensitive material or a sensitized form thereof, solid solutions or dispersions of the photosensitive material in a matrix such as thermoplastic or thermosetting resins, copolymers of photosensitive pigments and organic monomers, multilayers of particles in which the photosensitive material is included in one of the layers and where other layers provide light filtering action in an outer layer or a fusible or solvent softenable core of resin or a core of liquid such as dye or other marking material or a core of one photosensitive material coated with an overlayer of another photosensitive material to acheive broadened spectral response.
  • photosensitive structures include solutions, dispersion, or copolymers of one photosensitive material in another with or without other photosensitively inert materials.
  • Other particle structures which may be used but which are not required include those described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,940,847 to Kaprelian.
  • spacings of less than 1 mil and extend ir1 gdo even to the point where the electrodes are pressed together as in the case of the roller electrode constitute a particularly preferred form of the invention in that they produce better resolution and superior color separation results than is produced with wider spacings. This improvement is believed to take place because of the high field strength across the suspension during imaging.
  • particles of a single color are dispersed in the carrier liquid and exposed to a black-and-white image.
  • a single color image results, corresponding to black-and-white photography.
  • the particles areselected so that those of different colors respond to different wavelengths in the visible spectrum corresponding to their principal absorption bands.
  • the pigments should be selected so that their spectral response curves do not have substantial overlap, thus allowing for color separation and subtractive multi-color image formation.
  • the particle dispersion should include cyan colored particles sensitive mainly to red light, magenta particles sensitive mainly to green light and yellow particles sensitive mainly to blue light.
  • a suspension including three different colored pigments is made up by dispersing the pigments in finely divided form in an insulating carrier liquid.
  • This mixture may be referred to as tri-mix.
  • the imaging and transfer operations are carried out using an apparatus of the sort schematically shown in either FIG. 1 or FIG. 2, with the imaging mix coated on a NESA glass substrate through which exposure is made.
  • the NESA glass surface is connected in series with a switch, a potential source, in the conductive center of a roller having a coating of Baryta paper on its surface.
  • the roller is approximately 2% inches in diameter and is moved across the plate surface at about 4 centimeters per second.
  • the plate employed is roughly 3 inches square and is exposed to a light intensity of about 1,200 foot-candles as measured on the uncoated NESA glass surface.
  • the transfer roller or tractor is then passed across to receive the image particles.
  • the transfer roller is approximately 2% inches in diameter and is moved across the plate surface at about 4 centimeters per second.
  • each of the two web support rollers is approximately 3 inches in diameter and the tractor is moved across the plate surface at about 4 centimeters per second. Provision is included for imposing a potential between the transfer rollers and the injecting electrode having a sign opposite to that imposed on the blocking electrode core during imaging. Unless otherwise indicated, the blocking electrode roller is held at a negative potential of about 2,500 volts with respect to the substrate.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A sheet of ordinary bond paper is dipped into a solution of about 3 weight percent arrowroot starch (available from Will Scientific Co.) dissolved in water. The paper is dried using the radiant energy of a General Electric infrared industrial lamp. The dried paper is wrapped around the transfer roller in an electrophoretic imaging device of the sort shown schematically in FIG. 1.
  • a polychromatic imaging tri-mix is prepared consisting of a cyan pigment, Monolite Fast Blue GS, the alpha form of metal-free phthalocyanine, available for E. l. du Pont de Nemours & Co.; a magenta pigment, Naphthol Red B, C. 1. No.
  • the imaging suspension is coated onto the NESA glass surface and is exposed to a conventional Kodachrome transparency while the blocking electrode is passed across its surface. Immmediately thereafter the transfer roller is passed across the NESA glass surface with a potential applied having a sign opposite to that used during imaging.
  • This electrophoretic transfer step is further described in copending application 542,050, filed Apr. 12, 1966.
  • a loosely adhering powder image is observed on the surface of the transfer sheet, conforming to the original.
  • the image bearing transfer roller is brought into contact with a perforated metal roller having steam admitted to its interior. The steam contacts the transfer roller moistening and heating its surface while the particles are being pressed into firm contact therewith.
  • the transfer sheet is then allowed to cool to room temperature and residual moisture is allowed to evaporate. An excellent image, conforming to the original, well fixed and resistant to rubbing contact is observed on the transfer sheet.
  • Example 11 Th image forming transfer and fixing steps of Example l are repeated except that in this instance the transfer sheet is ordinary newsprint and is dipped into a 7 weight percent solution of Carbowax 4000, a polyethylene glycol available from the Union Carbide Chemical Co. This transfer sheet is dried, wrapped around the transfer roller and an image is formed and transferred thereto as in Example 1. After application of heat and moisture as in Example 1, an excellent image corresponding to the original with a good fix in and on the surface of the transfer sheet is observed.
  • Carbowax 4000 a polyethylene glycol available from the Union Carbide Chemical Co.
  • EXAMPLE 111 An imaging suspension is prepared consisting of a cyan pigment, Cyan Blue GTNF, C. I. No. 74160, the beta form of copper phthalocyanine, available from Collway Colors; a magenta pigment, Watchung Red B,
  • a transfer sheet is prepared by dipping a sheet of ordinary bond paper into a solution of about 5 percent by weight Gantrez AN-l39, a copolymer of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride, available from General Aniline & Film Corp. and about 5 weight percent polyvinyl alcohol, 99 percent hydrolized, available from Matheson, Coleman & Bell, in water.
  • the resulting transfer sheet is dried and wrapped on a spool in a device of the sort shown in FlG. 2.
  • the imaging suspension is coated onto the NESA glass electrode and the blocking electrode is passed across its surface while a potential is imposed across the imaging suspension and the suspension is exposed to a polychromatic image using a conventional Kodachrome original.
  • the tractor After allowing the residual Isopar-G to evaporate, the tractor is passed across the image on the injecting electrode. Steam is emitted into the first roller moistening and slightly heating the transfer paper. The second roller further heats the transfer sheet to a temperature of about C. to cause the thermosetting reaction in the resin mixture which now bonds the formed image.
  • the image produced is of excellent quality, well fixed to the transfer sheet. The image is resistant to abrasion, even in the presence of moisture.
  • the transfer material may have colorants,
  • plasticizers, wetting agents, etc. added thereto, if desired.
  • a method of photoelectrophoretic imaging comprising:
  • said tackifiable image of electrically photosensitive particles which 0 surface comprises polyethylene glycol. comprises: 6.
  • said tackifiable sura. contacting said particulate image with a transfer face comprises a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol and a comember having a water tackifiable surface, said polymer of methylvinyl ether and maleic anhydride. tackifiable surface being convertible to a water in-

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Optical Filters (AREA)
  • Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
US00012366A 1965-05-28 1970-02-18 Photoelectrophoretic imaging transfer method Expired - Lifetime US3791823A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US45986065A 1965-05-28 1965-05-28
US67770666A 1966-10-24 1966-10-24
US67770667A 1967-10-24 1967-10-24
US67770767A 1967-10-24 1967-10-24
US1236670A 1970-02-18 1970-02-18
US1236470A 1970-02-18 1970-02-18

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US3791823A true US3791823A (en) 1974-02-12

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US00012366A Expired - Lifetime US3791823A (en) 1965-05-28 1970-02-18 Photoelectrophoretic imaging transfer method
US12364A Expired - Lifetime US3705797A (en) 1965-05-28 1970-02-18 Fixing process for photoelectrophoretic imaging

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US (2) US3791823A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (2) AT300560B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (3) BE722665A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR6802229D0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (2) CH499142A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CS (1) CS156423B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (3) DE1522745C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (2) DK124713B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES359409A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (2) FR1589915A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (3) GB1149265A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
LU (2) LU57139A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (2) NL6815116A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NO (2) NO128731B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (2) SE346860B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US3897143A (en) * 1965-05-28 1975-07-29 Xerox Corp Imaging system
US4023968A (en) * 1972-10-25 1977-05-17 Xerox Corporation Photoelectrophoretic color imaging process in which back migration is eliminated
US4245555A (en) * 1978-09-11 1981-01-20 Research Laboratories Of Australia Pty Limited Electrostatic transfer process for producing lithographic printing plates
US4292120A (en) * 1980-04-10 1981-09-29 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Company Process of forming a magnetic toner resist using a transfer film
US5487801A (en) * 1993-08-23 1996-01-30 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Pre-proof temperature controlling assembly

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4868233A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1971-12-18 1973-09-18
JPS4875240A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1972-01-12 1973-10-11
US3849132A (en) * 1973-01-04 1974-11-19 Xerox Corp Photoelectrophoretic imaging method employing a chromogenic reaction
US4069047A (en) * 1975-06-27 1978-01-17 Xerox Corporation Transfer of photoelectrophoretic images
DE2934813C2 (de) * 1979-08-29 1982-08-19 Strabag Bau-AG, 5000 Köln Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Öffnung in der Auskleidung eines Rohres
DE3139341A1 (de) * 1981-10-02 1983-04-21 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Transferfilm, insbesondere zur dauerhaften einbettung von tonerbildern
CN102669200B (zh) * 2012-06-12 2014-12-10 阳政精机（无锡）有限公司 食品烘烤设备中食品模具的自动开合装置

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US2297691A (en) * 1939-04-04 1942-10-06 Chester F Carlson Electrophotography
US2955035A (en) * 1956-01-03 1960-10-04 Haloid Xerox Inc Raised xerographic images
US3003404A (en) * 1956-12-21 1961-10-10 Metcalfe Kenneth Archibald Machine for effecting electrostatic printing
US3192043A (en) * 1960-10-07 1965-06-29 Commw Of Australia Method for developing and fixing electrostatic images in initially partially cured base elements
US3275436A (en) * 1962-07-24 1966-09-27 Xerox Corp Method of image reproduction utilizing a uniform releasable surface film
US3355288A (en) * 1963-11-19 1967-11-28 Australia Res Lab Electrostatic printing method and apparatus
US3384565A (en) * 1964-07-23 1968-05-21 Xerox Corp Process of photoelectrophoretic color imaging
US3493412A (en) * 1965-12-30 1970-02-03 Xerox Corp Transferring xerographic toner images to a solid crystalline plasticizer coated receiving surface

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US2297691A (en) * 1939-04-04 1942-10-06 Chester F Carlson Electrophotography
US2955035A (en) * 1956-01-03 1960-10-04 Haloid Xerox Inc Raised xerographic images
US3003404A (en) * 1956-12-21 1961-10-10 Metcalfe Kenneth Archibald Machine for effecting electrostatic printing
US3192043A (en) * 1960-10-07 1965-06-29 Commw Of Australia Method for developing and fixing electrostatic images in initially partially cured base elements
US3275436A (en) * 1962-07-24 1966-09-27 Xerox Corp Method of image reproduction utilizing a uniform releasable surface film
US3355288A (en) * 1963-11-19 1967-11-28 Australia Res Lab Electrostatic printing method and apparatus
US3384565A (en) * 1964-07-23 1968-05-21 Xerox Corp Process of photoelectrophoretic color imaging
US3493412A (en) * 1965-12-30 1970-02-03 Xerox Corp Transferring xerographic toner images to a solid crystalline plasticizer coated receiving surface

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US3897143A (en) * 1965-05-28 1975-07-29 Xerox Corp Imaging system
US4023968A (en) * 1972-10-25 1977-05-17 Xerox Corporation Photoelectrophoretic color imaging process in which back migration is eliminated
US4245555A (en) * 1978-09-11 1981-01-20 Research Laboratories Of Australia Pty Limited Electrostatic transfer process for producing lithographic printing plates
US4292120A (en) * 1980-04-10 1981-09-29 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Company Process of forming a magnetic toner resist using a transfer film
US5487801A (en) * 1993-08-23 1996-01-30 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Pre-proof temperature controlling assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1804974A1 (de) 1969-08-07
ES359409A1 (es) 1970-08-16
DE1522745B2 (de) 1973-04-12
GB1149265A (en) 1969-04-23
LU57137A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-07-11
GB1243829A (en) 1971-08-25
NO128731B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-01-02
GB1239232A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-07-14
LU57139A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-07-15
AT300560B (de) 1972-07-25
AT294576B (de) 1971-11-25
DE1522745A1 (de) 1969-10-16
DK126880B (da) 1973-08-27
DK124713B (da) 1972-11-13
NL6815116A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-04-28
SE339411B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-10-04
DE1804974B2 (de) 1974-09-05
BR6802229D0 (pt) 1973-01-11
FR1589914A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-04-06
NO127945B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-09-03
DE1804483A1 (de) 1969-05-14
CH499142A (de) 1970-11-15
CS156423B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-07-24
BE743898A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-05-28
BE722665A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-04-21
DE1522745C3 (de) 1973-10-31
SE346860B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-07-17
US3705797A (en) 1972-12-12
FR1589915A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-04-06
DE1804974C3 (de) 1975-04-24
NL6815111A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-04-28
BE722664A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-04-21
CH486726A (de) 1970-02-28

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