US3789908A - Manufacture of hollow cylindrical bodies - Google Patents

Manufacture of hollow cylindrical bodies Download PDF

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Publication number
US3789908A
US3789908A US00067887A US3789908DA US3789908A US 3789908 A US3789908 A US 3789908A US 00067887 A US00067887 A US 00067887A US 3789908D A US3789908D A US 3789908DA US 3789908 A US3789908 A US 3789908A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sleeve
ring
liquid metal
metal
bath
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00067887A
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English (en)
Inventor
G Ruget
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Compagnie des Ateliers et Forges de la Loire SA
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Compagnie des Ateliers et Forges de la Loire SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
    • B22D23/06—Melting-down metal, e.g. metal particles, in the mould
    • B22D23/10—Electroslag casting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the manufacture of hollow, cylindrical bodies, of alloy steel or the like, with or without an interior alloy lining. It also relates to the products thus obtained.
  • the present invention provides a cylindrical body of indefinite length, for example a thickwalled reactor sleeve, a thick-walled tube, etc., by depositing one or several layers of liquid metal around an initial cylindrical member which constitutes the internal lining of the said body.
  • the object of the invention is to produce a hollow, cylindrical body, the side wall of which is constituted by several layers one on top of the other, formed by one or different kinds of steel, the successive layers being closely welded together and being able to be hooped one to the other, the internal reactions of the materials or fluids contained or conveyed.
  • a thickw alled tubeofci rculai section is obtained the grad ual deposition of liquid solder metal, under a layer of liquid slag according to the ESR method.
  • This method being moreover characterized in that the deposition is effected in the form of a bath of annular section supplied at several points with metal, the bath being limited internally by a thin water-cooled sleeve, which will be the inner skin of the finished product, and limited externallyby a mold produced in the shape of a movable annular' shoe cooled by the circulation ofwater.
  • the apparatus for carrying out the method of the in vention comprises a plate with a vertical axis facilitating the centering of the thin sleeve; means for imparting to this plate a movement of rotation and oscillation; welding means comprising a series of machines using 583E166 of ver tical welding under siagfthese machines being distributed around the cylinder to be produced; means for imparting a relative movement of vertical translation between the plate supporting the body being produced and the platform supporting the welding means in such a way as to keep the level of the deposition bath and that of the welding means for supplying the bath in a relatively appropriate position; and an initial piece for starting the operation.
  • the product obtained by the invention is a hollow, cylindrical body of revolution, the wall of which, is of straight annular section of great thickness and which hast t fsi l aa sha estst iss a. it is formed by the superposition of V n coaxial sleeves, n being a whole number at least equal to 2, hereafter referred to in consecutive nu nber, the irtfitsiiatsifin the number 1 and the outer sleeve the number n;
  • the outer peripheral surface of the inner sleeve is that of a straight circular cylinder
  • the sleeves 2, 3...n are tubes or sleeves of straight annular section of constant thickness over their entire length;
  • each sleeve is of a metal or a metallic alloy of' which can be either similar nature to or different from that of the other sleeve or sleeves V w W e. each sleeve envelops all he outer peripheral stirface of the preceding sleeve and is welded to the latter over the entirety of their contact surface;
  • n sleeves taking into account their respective widths and the admissible working load of the materials constituting each of them, confers on the wall of the body the necessary resistance for undergoing, without damage, the mechanical stresses to which it will be subjected when in service;
  • 7 MUMWMWWM g. the nature of the material and the thickness of the inner sleeve are chosen essentially in order to resist the physical-chemical action of the fluid which the cylindrical body has to convey or contain;
  • the nature of the material and the thickness of the outer sleeve is chosen essentially in order to resist the physical-chemical action of the ambient medium in which the cylindrical body has to remaimand i the nature of the rn a terial and the respective thicknesses of the sleeves 2, 3, n l, are chosen essentially in dependence on the mechanical resistance to be conferred on' the wall of the cylindrical body.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical section of apparatus for carrying out the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the apparatus of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a detail view of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional plan view of a modification of the invention.
  • FIGS. 5, 6, 8, to 12 show various examples of products produced by the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view of an example ofan internal sleeve used for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • a thick-walled tube of circular section is obtained by the gradual deposition of liquid metal Eider, under a Iayer of liquid slag accordingtothe ESR (Electro-slag remelting) method.
  • the deposition is effected in the form ofa bath of annular section supplied at several regions with metal, the bath being limited internally by a thin, brazed, water-cooled sleeve, which constitutes the inner skin of the finished product, and limited externally by a movable outer mold cooled by circulation of water.
  • the apparatus comprises a plate 10, with a vertical axis, on which there is positioned and centered an inner sleeve 12 at commencement of production, and which supports the thick cylindrical body until the end of its manufacture.
  • Means 14 are provided for imparting to this plate a movement of rotation or oscillation, the amplitude of which depends on the number of points of metal supply. In the case where the plate 10 does not rotate about its vertical axis, during deposition of the metal, the oscillating or rotating motion is imparted to the welding means described hereinafter.
  • the welding means is constituted by a series of machine using the ESR method of vertical welding under slag, these machines being located around the sleeve 12.
  • Each of these welding machines comprises a support 18 on which is placed a welding head 28 (double in the present case) and a system for supplying the metal to be applied.
  • this supply system is it r a uble 99 fte FllP?" wound the metal 26 to be applied (strip, wire or band).
  • a generator 34 is associated with each welding machine.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown ah'emb'ddimenfivhich cornprises nine welding machines I to IX, similar to the machine described above. These nine machines are regularly distributed around the sleeve 12. In order to simplify the drawing only the axes of the machines II to IX have been shown.
  • an external mold in the form of a copper ring or shoe 30 which is water-cooled.
  • This ring 30 is located around the inner sleeve 12 so as to proidel e i e n hese.
  • welding machines are placed around this ring 30 in such a way that each undertakes the supply of one section of the liquid ring or bath 3:7.
  • a movement of relative vertical translation is provided in order to keep the deposition bath at a suitable level in relation to the welding material ensuring the supply to this bath.
  • This movement may be a descent of the product obtained or an ascent of the welding device, or a combination of the two simultaneously. In the latter case which is illustrated in the drawing, there is used, in conjunction a pit or depression into which the product produced can fall and a lifting plate 36 supporting the welding devices.
  • the liquid slag will be obtained from a solid granulated 40 flux by fusion inherent in this method of welding.
  • the inner sleeve 12 is cooled on its inner surface.
  • the cooling may be obtained by a stationary ramp 33 causing water to run from its upper side or by a movable ramp 32 which sprays it at the height of the annulus of liquid metal. Only one of these methods need be employed.
  • the volume of liquid metal of the ring is defined, in relation to the Speed f ss s s so as qbssin the ursfisfieaiea of the metal of the preceding sleeve with which it is in contact and, thus, effect the welding of the sleeve in the course of formation to the preceding sleeve, over all the entirety of their contact surface.
  • the thick-walled sleeve is made in sectors A, B, C, D, etc., obtained by vertical or helical deposition of several portions of symmetrical rings about the internal sleeve 12, by means of the U-shaped, water-cooled shoe 30'.
  • the sleeve 12 serving as an internal skin for the hollow, cylindrical body produced by the invention may have one of the following constructions:
  • FIG. 7 It is constituted (FIG. 7) by several tubes or sleeves of the same annular section (12, 12"), placed end to end coaxially, one of the two end tubes or sleeves, or each of them, being terminated by a complete or annular end of revolution F, F, two consecutive tubes or sleeves being separated by an intermediate division wall of revolution Fi, the peripheral surface of all the end walls F, F or intermediate walls Fi being substantially in the extension of the outer peripheral surface of the tubes or sleeves 12, 12''.
  • FIG. 5 a simple example of the ho]- low cylindrical body produced by the method of the invention. It can be seen that the wall of straight, annular section of substantial thickness of this body is formed by the super-position ofa plurality of coaxial sleeves C, to C
  • FIG. 6 shows that the method of the invention makes it possible to obtain directly a reservoir or reactor in a single unit constituted by the lower and upper ends F and F and by its sleeve which is similar to that of FIG. 5.
  • the body obtained comprises one or more outer flanges, such as flange 42, at-right angles to its axis of revolution and the internal bore of which is substantially in the extenf helicoidally (44) or parallel (46) to the generatrices
  • Each of the bands are welded over their entire length on its two peripheral edges to the adjacent bands.
  • the sleeves may be formed from a single band, the width of which at the generatrices is equal to the pitch of the helix described by its edges which are welded together.
  • the arrangement of bands parallel to the generatrices is another limit of the helical arrangement, corresponding to a zero inclination of their lateral edges in relation to the axis of revolution of the body.
  • thermal treatment of the metal deposited during the deposit of one layer on the preceding layer may be made real and effective in this method since the parameters of the fusion operation are such that the progression of welding is relatively slow (between and 350mm vertical progress per hour).
  • the method of electric welding under the protection of an electro-conducting slag known as the ESR method, which has the advantage of providing a deposit of metal of high quality and which, in the preceding description is only mentioned for keeping the bath of metal molten the solidification of the base of which produces the deposit of metal progressively constituting the various sleeves of the cylindrical wall to be produced around the initial inner sleeve, is not exclusive for carrying out the invention.
  • Many other methods of electrical welding for melting the metal to be applied may be supplied by any device capable of discharging liquid metal under an appropriate protection, while ensuring its t. a...
  • the present invention it is possible to regulate the ascending speed of the ring of liquid metal as well as its temperature. If contemporaneous with this, the spacing of the cooling region on the inner surface of the body is regulated, in relation to the region of heating defined by the position of the ring of liquid metal and the intensity of cooling, it is possible to produce gradually on the sleeve preceeding that which is being deposited a normalization annealing. Furthermore, where the second sleeve is being deposited, either a tempering or a normalization annealing of the inner sleeve, is also achieved. Tempering or normalization annealing is determined by whether or not the second sleeve is stainless steel or other metal or metal alloy.
  • Normalization annealing is provided by controlling the penetration of a suitable heating means by displacing a heating element thereof at a constant speed from the bottom to the top of theside of the last sleeve. This is synchronized with the displacement of the cooling ramp disposed internally of the sleeve.
  • a method of manufacturing a hollow, cylindrical body comprising the steps of:
  • a method of manufacturing a hollow, cylindrical body as defined in claim ll including the step of gradually solidifying a base of the ring of liquid metal to form a next surrounding sleeve of metal on the preceding surrounding sleeve of metal.
  • a method according to claim 2 including the steps of laterally retaining the outer lateral surface of the ring of liquid metal; moving the ring of liquid metal along the axis of the sleeve such that the liquid metal is progressively deposited on the cylindrical body as the ring of liquid metal is progressively moved.
  • a method according to claim 3 including the step of forming at least one flange of metal around the periphery of the body.
  • a method including, regulating the ascending speed of the ring of liquid metal, its temperature, the spacing of a cooling region in the inner surface of the body in relation to the region of heating defined by the position of the ring of liquid metal and the intensity of the cooling, so as to producegradually on the sleeve which precedes that which is being deposited a normalisation annealing or in the case where the second sleeve is being deposited, either a tempering or a normalisation annealing of the inner sleeve, according to whether the latter is of stainless steel or not.
  • a method including, controlling the penetration of a heating means to normalize the annealing of the last sleeve deposited, displacing a heating element of the heating means at a constant speed from the bottom to the top outside of the last sleeve and synchronizing the displacement of a cooling m iamp disposed internally to the sleeve.
  • Apparatus for manufacturing a hollow, cylindrical body comprising a plate with a vertical axis facilitatin'g the centering of an inner sleeve; means for imparting to this plate a rotating or oscillatory movement; means forming a ring of liquid metal bath around the sleeve; ESR welding means comprising a series of ESR machines distributed around the cylindrical body to be produced said welding means feeding the bath; means for imparting a movement of relative vertical translation between the plate supporting the body being manufactured and the welding means to keep the level of the bath and of the welding means supplying the bath in relatively suitable positions; and a base for initially starting the forming operation of the body.
  • Apparatus according to claim 10 including, cooling means to uniformly cool the inner sleeve, the cooling means comprising a stationary ramp which causes water to flow from its upper edge.
  • Apparatus according to claim 10 including cooling means to uniformly cool the inner sleeve, the cooling means comprising a movable ramp which sprays water at the height of the ring of liquid metal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
US00067887A 1969-09-03 1970-08-28 Manufacture of hollow cylindrical bodies Expired - Lifetime US3789908A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR6930004A FR2058429A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-09-03 1969-09-03

Publications (1)

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US3789908A true US3789908A (en) 1974-02-05

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US00067887A Expired - Lifetime US3789908A (en) 1969-09-03 1970-08-28 Manufacture of hollow cylindrical bodies

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US (1) US3789908A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS504341B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE754924A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (2) CA938772A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE2042065A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2058429A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1330178A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
LU (1) LU61615A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (2) SE370510B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3888295A (en) * 1973-10-29 1975-06-10 David E Schillinger Method of bonding an annular band of material to an object
US3916977A (en) * 1973-01-12 1975-11-04 Rotterdamsche Droogok Mij B V Method and an apparatus for building up sheet material from welding metal
US4164973A (en) * 1978-05-23 1979-08-21 British Steel Corporation Methods and apparatus relating to electroslag deposition
EP3216549A4 (en) * 2014-11-04 2017-12-06 Nanfang Additive Manufacturing Technology Co., Ltd Electric melting method for forming nuclear power plant pressure vessel cylinder
CN113523246A (zh) * 2021-07-19 2021-10-22 青岛力晨新材料科技有限公司 一种电渣熔铸制备双金属复合板的方法

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US125044A (en) * 1872-03-26 Improvement in casting copper tubes
US213856A (en) * 1879-04-01 Improvement in working cast malleable metals
US1533300A (en) * 1920-11-12 1925-04-14 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Method of making decorative articles
US2279990A (en) * 1940-12-26 1942-04-14 Kellogg M W Co Metal producing apparatus
US2299747A (en) * 1938-08-10 1942-10-27 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method of forming structures wholly of fusion deposited weld metal
US2385206A (en) * 1943-05-13 1945-09-18 Kellogg M W Co Method and apparatus for producing metal bodies
US2427350A (en) * 1943-07-15 1947-09-16 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method and apparatus for metal coating metal pipes by electric fusion
US2525133A (en) * 1945-06-22 1950-10-10 Kellogg M W Co Manufacture of composite metal articles
US2762096A (en) * 1955-04-27 1956-09-11 Eisenwerke Gelsenkirchen Ag Metal casting apparatus
US3558846A (en) * 1966-04-04 1971-01-26 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Method of and apparatus for constructing substantially circular cross section vessel by welding
US3665143A (en) * 1969-01-31 1972-05-23 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Method of constructing substantially circular cross-section vessel by welding

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US125044A (en) * 1872-03-26 Improvement in casting copper tubes
US213856A (en) * 1879-04-01 Improvement in working cast malleable metals
US1533300A (en) * 1920-11-12 1925-04-14 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Method of making decorative articles
US2299747A (en) * 1938-08-10 1942-10-27 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method of forming structures wholly of fusion deposited weld metal
US2279990A (en) * 1940-12-26 1942-04-14 Kellogg M W Co Metal producing apparatus
US2385206A (en) * 1943-05-13 1945-09-18 Kellogg M W Co Method and apparatus for producing metal bodies
US2427350A (en) * 1943-07-15 1947-09-16 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method and apparatus for metal coating metal pipes by electric fusion
US2525133A (en) * 1945-06-22 1950-10-10 Kellogg M W Co Manufacture of composite metal articles
US2762096A (en) * 1955-04-27 1956-09-11 Eisenwerke Gelsenkirchen Ag Metal casting apparatus
US3558846A (en) * 1966-04-04 1971-01-26 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Method of and apparatus for constructing substantially circular cross section vessel by welding
US3665143A (en) * 1969-01-31 1972-05-23 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Method of constructing substantially circular cross-section vessel by welding

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3916977A (en) * 1973-01-12 1975-11-04 Rotterdamsche Droogok Mij B V Method and an apparatus for building up sheet material from welding metal
US3888295A (en) * 1973-10-29 1975-06-10 David E Schillinger Method of bonding an annular band of material to an object
US4164973A (en) * 1978-05-23 1979-08-21 British Steel Corporation Methods and apparatus relating to electroslag deposition
EP3216549A4 (en) * 2014-11-04 2017-12-06 Nanfang Additive Manufacturing Technology Co., Ltd Electric melting method for forming nuclear power plant pressure vessel cylinder
CN113523246A (zh) * 2021-07-19 2021-10-22 青岛力晨新材料科技有限公司 一种电渣熔铸制备双金属复合板的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE370510B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-10-21
SE352936B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-01-15
LU61615A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-12-01
DE2042064A1 (de) 1971-04-01
CA939623A (en) 1974-01-08
FR2058429A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-05-28
JPS504341B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-02-18
DE2042065A1 (de) 1972-11-02
GB1330178A (en) 1973-09-12
BE754924A (fr) 1971-02-01
CA938772A (en) 1973-12-25

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