US3888295A - Method of bonding an annular band of material to an object - Google Patents

Method of bonding an annular band of material to an object Download PDF

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US3888295A
US3888295A US410862A US41086273A US3888295A US 3888295 A US3888295 A US 3888295A US 410862 A US410862 A US 410862A US 41086273 A US41086273 A US 41086273A US 3888295 A US3888295 A US 3888295A
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shell
mold
band material
band
bonding
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US410862A
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David E Schillinger
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/02—Driving bands; Rotating bands
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method of bonding a rotating band to the shell of an explosive projectile in which the entire mass of band material is melted so as to fuse it to the shell.
  • This invention relates generally to methods of joining materials, and particularly to a method of bonding an annular band of material to an object. While not limited thereto, the invention finds special application for applying a rotating band to the shell of an explosive projectile and therefore the invention will be described hereinafter in connection with such use.
  • Known methods of bonding a rotating band to a projectile include swaging a ring of soft metal into a knurled band seat cut or otherwise formed in the projectile wall, and applying an arc-welded overlay deposit to the wall of the projectile.
  • the swaging method is satisfactory, however, it does require a thick-walled projectile to withstand the swaging forces and provide adequate wall thickness to allow for cutting or forming the band seat.
  • Swaged bands are also open to the objection that they are not always securely bonded to the projectile and occasionally are thrown from the projectile during firing so as to present a danger to friendly personnel or equipment.
  • the arcwelding method is not particularly suitable for small caliber projectiles such as mm, 30mm, or 40mm, for example because of the excessive time required to apply the bands.
  • An object of the invention is to provide improvements in the art of bonding an annular band of material to an object.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method of bonding a rotating band to a projectile which permits the use of thinner walls in projectiles.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method of bonding a rotating band to a projectile which can be practiced at reduced costs of labor and band material.
  • a further object of the invention is to improve the bond between a rotating band and its associated projectile shell.
  • a more specific object of the invention is the elimination of pitting and the lessening of intergranular penetration, both of which are by-product conditions of the arc-welding process.
  • a method of bonding an annular band of material to an object which has a higher melting point than the band material in accordance with the invention may comprise the steps of surrounding the object with an annular mass of the band material, heating the object and band material until the band material melts, orienting the band material so that when molten it will flow to and fuse to an annular surface of the object, and allowing the banded object to cool.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the shell of an explosive projectile and a rotating band bonded to the shell in accordance with the principles of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the projectile shell, a mold, and an annular mass of the rotating band material.
  • the banded shell 10 (FIG. 1) comprises a projectile shell 12 and an annular band 14 bonded to the periphery of the projectile shell 12.
  • the annular band 14 is known in the art as a rotating band" and, following bonding to the shell 12, as will be explained, is usually machined or otherwise formed to a desired configuration.
  • the banded shell 10 is made by first inserting the closed end of the shell 12 into the nest 16 (FIG. 2) of a mold l8 constructed of graphite or other suitable refractory material.
  • the nest 16 has a size so as to provide a close fit with the diameter of the closed end of the shell 12.
  • the upper end of the mold 18 is provided with an annular cavity 20.
  • the inner surfaces of the mold l8, namely, the surfaces of the nest l6 and cavity 20 are coated with a mold wash 22 in the form of a refractory oxide such as Zirconia flour, for example.
  • the mold wash 22 prevents diffusion of elements from the mold 18 into the material of the shell 12, which is generally steel, and permits easy removal of the banded shell 10 from the mold IS.
  • band material 24 which may be in the form of shot, as shown, or other suitable form such as, for example, a tubular ring.
  • band material 24 may be in the form of shot, as shown, or other suitable form such as, for example, a tubular ring.
  • the entire assembly consisting of the mold l8, shell 12, and shot 24 is heated under an appropriate shield such as, for example, flux or inert gas until the band material 24 melts and bonds to the wall of the shell 12.
  • Copper, -20 Brass, and -10 Tin Bronze are examples of band materials that have been applied successfully to steel shells 12. Both induction and furnace heating methods have been used successfully.
  • a shield is required to prevent oxidation of the shell which, if present, would prevent wetting of the shell steel by the molten band material.
  • Argon is one example of a gaseous shield which is satisfactory for use in both the furnace and induction heating methods.
  • a method of bonding a rotating band to a projectile shell which has a higher melting point than the band material and a portion of substantially uniform outside diameter comprising the steps of placing the shell into a refractory graphite mold having an annular cavity which surrounds the shell and a close-fitting nest which receives said portion of said outside diameter,
  • the assembly by induction heating until the band material melts, the annular cavity being constructed such that when the band material is melted both prevent diffusion of elements from the mold into the shell and to facilitate removal of the banded shell from the mold.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

A method of bonding a rotating band to the shell of an explosive projectile in which the entire mass of band material is melted so as to fuse it to the shell.

Description

United States Patent [1 1 Schillinger METHOD OF BONDING AN ANNULAR BAND OF MATERIAL TO AN OBJECT [76] Inventor: David E. Schillinger, 5235 Montour Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19124 22 Filed: Oct. 29, 1973 [21] Appl.No.:410,862
[52] US. Cl. 164/72; 164/80; 164/98; 164/112 [51] Int. Cl. B22c 3/00 [58] Field of Search 164/80, 98, 112, 332, 72
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 64,874 5/1867 Howard 164/98 371,719 10/1887 Very 164/332 X 2,157,453 5/1939 .laeger..... .4 164/98 2,169,354 8/1939 Chore....................... 164/80 X 2,358,090 9/1944 Longoria 164/30 X 2,411,862 12/1946 Arnold 164/98 X June 10, 1975 3,435,878 4/1969 Howard et ala. 164/80 U X 3,484,840 12/1969 Spofl1 et al 164/80 U X 3,515,201 6/1970 Zimmennan 164/72 X 3,707,035 12/1972 Alger, Jr. et a1... 164/112 X 3,789,908 2/1974 Ruget 164/98 X OTHER PUBLICATIONS A.P.C. Application of Meier, Sr., Ser. No. 414, 208, Published 6/15/43. Brazing Mammals, prepared by AWS Committee on Brazing and Soldering, copyright 1963, pp. 55-62.
Primary ExaminerR0na1d .1. Shore Attorney, Agent, or FirmSamuel Kane; Nathan Edelberg; Robert P. Gibson [57 1 ABSTRACT A method of bonding a rotating band to the shell of an explosive projectile in which the entire mass of band material is melted so as to fuse it to the shell.
3 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures METHOD OF BONDING AN ANNULAR BAND'OF MATERIAL TO AN OBJECT STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT INTEREST The invention described herein may be manufactured, used, and licensed by or for the Government for governmental purposes without the payment to me of any royalty thereon.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates generally to methods of joining materials, and particularly to a method of bonding an annular band of material to an object. While not limited thereto, the invention finds special application for applying a rotating band to the shell of an explosive projectile and therefore the invention will be described hereinafter in connection with such use.
Known methods of bonding a rotating band to a projectile include swaging a ring of soft metal into a knurled band seat cut or otherwise formed in the projectile wall, and applying an arc-welded overlay deposit to the wall of the projectile. In many respects, the swaging method is satisfactory, however, it does require a thick-walled projectile to withstand the swaging forces and provide adequate wall thickness to allow for cutting or forming the band seat. Swaged bands are also open to the objection that they are not always securely bonded to the projectile and occasionally are thrown from the projectile during firing so as to present a danger to friendly personnel or equipment. The arcwelding method is not particularly suitable for small caliber projectiles such as mm, 30mm, or 40mm, for example because of the excessive time required to apply the bands.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the invention is to provide improvements in the art of bonding an annular band of material to an object.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method of bonding a rotating band to a projectile which permits the use of thinner walls in projectiles.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method of bonding a rotating band to a projectile which can be practiced at reduced costs of labor and band material.
A further object of the invention is to improve the bond between a rotating band and its associated projectile shell.
A more specific object of the invention is the elimination of pitting and the lessening of intergranular penetration, both of which are by-product conditions of the arc-welding process.
In accordance with the above objects and considered first in one of its broader aspects, a method of bonding an annular band of material to an object which has a higher melting point than the band material in accordance with the invention may comprise the steps of surrounding the object with an annular mass of the band material, heating the object and band material until the band material melts, orienting the band material so that when molten it will flow to and fuse to an annular surface of the object, and allowing the banded object to cool.
The invention will be more clearly understood when the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment thereof is read in conjunction with the accompanying drawing which is described below.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1 illustrates the shell of an explosive projectile and a rotating band bonded to the shell in accordance with the principles of the invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the projectile shell, a mold, and an annular mass of the rotating band material.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to the drawing, the banded shell 10 (FIG. 1) comprises a projectile shell 12 and an annular band 14 bonded to the periphery of the projectile shell 12. The annular band 14 is known in the art as a rotating band" and, following bonding to the shell 12, as will be explained, is usually machined or otherwise formed to a desired configuration.
The banded shell 10 is made by first inserting the closed end of the shell 12 into the nest 16 (FIG. 2) of a mold l8 constructed of graphite or other suitable refractory material. The nest 16 has a size so as to provide a close fit with the diameter of the closed end of the shell 12. The upper end of the mold 18 is provided with an annular cavity 20. The inner surfaces of the mold l8, namely, the surfaces of the nest l6 and cavity 20 are coated with a mold wash 22 in the form of a refractory oxide such as Zirconia flour, for example. The mold wash 22 prevents diffusion of elements from the mold 18 into the material of the shell 12, which is generally steel, and permits easy removal of the banded shell 10 from the mold IS.
The cavity 20 is filled to the desired level with band material 24 which may be in the form of shot, as shown, or other suitable form such as, for example, a tubular ring. The entire assembly consisting of the mold l8, shell 12, and shot 24 is heated under an appropriate shield such as, for example, flux or inert gas until the band material 24 melts and bonds to the wall of the shell 12.
Copper, -20 Brass, and -10 Tin Bronze are examples of band materials that have been applied successfully to steel shells 12. Both induction and furnace heating methods have been used successfully.
The use of a shield is required to prevent oxidation of the shell which, if present, would prevent wetting of the shell steel by the molten band material. Argon is one example of a gaseous shield which is satisfactory for use in both the furnace and induction heating methods.
I claim:
1. A method of bonding a rotating band to a projectile shell which has a higher melting point than the band material and a portion of substantially uniform outside diameter comprising the steps of placing the shell into a refractory graphite mold having an annular cavity which surrounds the shell and a close-fitting nest which receives said portion of said outside diameter,
loading the annular cavity with band material so as to constitute an assembly of the mold, shell, and band material,
heating the assembly by induction heating until the band material melts, the annular cavity being constructed such that when the band material is melted both prevent diffusion of elements from the mold into the shell and to facilitate removal of the banded shell from the mold.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein the band material contains a volatile element and the assembly is heated only under an inert nonhydrogcnous shield.

Claims (3)

1. A method of bonding a rotating band to a projectile shell which has a higher melting point than the band material and a portion of substantially uniform outside diameter comprising the steps of placing the shell into a refractory graphite mold having an annular cavity which surrounds the shell and a close-fitting nest which receives said portion of said outside diameter, loading the annular cavity with band material so as to constitute an assembly of the mold, shell, and band material, heating the assembly by induction heating until the band material melts, the annular cavity being constructed such that when the band material is melted it will flow to and fuse to the adjacent annular surface of the shell, and allowing the banded shell to cool.
2. A method according to claim 1 characterized further by coating the interface surfaces of the mold between the mold and the shell and between the mold and the band material with a refractory oxide mold wash to both prevent diffusion of elements from the mold into the shell and to facilitate removal of the banded shell from the mold.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein the band material contains a volatile element and the assembly is heated only under an inert nonhydrogenous shield.
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3937268A (en) * 1974-08-05 1976-02-10 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Method for bonding a bronze bushing on a metallic member
US4110894A (en) * 1977-03-28 1978-09-05 Alexandr Borisovich Zuev Method and apparatus for producing a conduit intended for communication with a plurality of working-medium sources
US4134431A (en) * 1977-05-11 1979-01-16 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Method of and apparatus for molding spigot rings on pipe sections and product of the method
US4209058A (en) * 1976-07-06 1980-06-24 Diemakers, Inc. Process for producing master cylinders
FR2538532A1 (en) * 1982-12-24 1984-06-29 Mauser Werke Oberndorf PROJECTILE BELT
US4497358A (en) * 1981-11-25 1985-02-05 Werner & Pfleiderer Process for the manufacture of a steel body with a borehole protected against abrasion
EP0221239A1 (en) * 1985-11-06 1987-05-13 Rheinmetall GmbH Method for applying a rotating band to a projectile wall with a reduced thickness, and projectile manufactured according to this method
EP0822328A2 (en) * 1996-07-29 1998-02-04 Trw Inc. Throat insert for rocket thrusters
EP1111327A1 (en) * 1999-12-20 2001-06-27 SM Schweizerische Munitionsunternehmung AG Projectile and process for producing radially protruding guiding means on said projectile
US6600126B2 (en) 2000-03-16 2003-07-29 Ruag Components Shell with a shell body and a process for the preparation of radially protruding guiding means on a shell body

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US64874A (en) * 1867-05-21 Ebwaed how
US371719A (en) * 1887-10-18 Ingot for the manufacture of com pound m etallic tubes
US2157453A (en) * 1937-01-28 1939-05-09 Admos Bleibronze Dr Springorum Process for the manufacture of bearings
US2169354A (en) * 1936-02-17 1939-08-15 Clad Metals Ind Inc Method of and means for producing steel clad with stainless steel
US2358090A (en) * 1942-02-19 1944-09-12 Unit Rays Inc Process of bonding metals
US2411862A (en) * 1942-12-17 1946-12-03 Harmon W Arnold Method of forming frangible explosive containers and the product so produced
US3435878A (en) * 1963-01-31 1969-04-01 Ass Elect Ind Method of casting metals by induction heating
US3484840A (en) * 1968-01-26 1969-12-16 Trw Inc Method and apparatus for melting and pouring titanium
US3515201A (en) * 1967-11-14 1970-06-02 Amsted Ind Inc Method of casting
US3707035A (en) * 1970-11-27 1972-12-26 Gen Signal Corp Method of producing steel cylinder barrels having bonded bronze cylinder liners
US3789908A (en) * 1969-09-03 1974-02-05 Loire Atel Forges Manufacture of hollow cylindrical bodies

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US64874A (en) * 1867-05-21 Ebwaed how
US371719A (en) * 1887-10-18 Ingot for the manufacture of com pound m etallic tubes
US2169354A (en) * 1936-02-17 1939-08-15 Clad Metals Ind Inc Method of and means for producing steel clad with stainless steel
US2157453A (en) * 1937-01-28 1939-05-09 Admos Bleibronze Dr Springorum Process for the manufacture of bearings
US2358090A (en) * 1942-02-19 1944-09-12 Unit Rays Inc Process of bonding metals
US2411862A (en) * 1942-12-17 1946-12-03 Harmon W Arnold Method of forming frangible explosive containers and the product so produced
US3435878A (en) * 1963-01-31 1969-04-01 Ass Elect Ind Method of casting metals by induction heating
US3515201A (en) * 1967-11-14 1970-06-02 Amsted Ind Inc Method of casting
US3484840A (en) * 1968-01-26 1969-12-16 Trw Inc Method and apparatus for melting and pouring titanium
US3789908A (en) * 1969-09-03 1974-02-05 Loire Atel Forges Manufacture of hollow cylindrical bodies
US3707035A (en) * 1970-11-27 1972-12-26 Gen Signal Corp Method of producing steel cylinder barrels having bonded bronze cylinder liners

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3937268A (en) * 1974-08-05 1976-02-10 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Method for bonding a bronze bushing on a metallic member
US4209058A (en) * 1976-07-06 1980-06-24 Diemakers, Inc. Process for producing master cylinders
US4110894A (en) * 1977-03-28 1978-09-05 Alexandr Borisovich Zuev Method and apparatus for producing a conduit intended for communication with a plurality of working-medium sources
US4134431A (en) * 1977-05-11 1979-01-16 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Method of and apparatus for molding spigot rings on pipe sections and product of the method
US4497358A (en) * 1981-11-25 1985-02-05 Werner & Pfleiderer Process for the manufacture of a steel body with a borehole protected against abrasion
FR2538532A1 (en) * 1982-12-24 1984-06-29 Mauser Werke Oberndorf PROJECTILE BELT
EP0221239A1 (en) * 1985-11-06 1987-05-13 Rheinmetall GmbH Method for applying a rotating band to a projectile wall with a reduced thickness, and projectile manufactured according to this method
EP0822328A2 (en) * 1996-07-29 1998-02-04 Trw Inc. Throat insert for rocket thrusters
US6134781A (en) * 1996-07-29 2000-10-24 Trw Inc. Method for making a throat insert for rocket thrusters
EP0822328B1 (en) * 1996-07-29 2002-02-20 Trw Inc. Throat insert for rocket thrusters
EP1111327A1 (en) * 1999-12-20 2001-06-27 SM Schweizerische Munitionsunternehmung AG Projectile and process for producing radially protruding guiding means on said projectile
WO2001046641A1 (en) * 1999-12-20 2001-06-28 Sm Schweizerische Munitionsunternehmung Ag Projectile body and a method for producing radially protruding driving means
US6600126B2 (en) 2000-03-16 2003-07-29 Ruag Components Shell with a shell body and a process for the preparation of radially protruding guiding means on a shell body

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