US3788547A - Spraying apparatus - Google Patents

Spraying apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3788547A
US3788547A US00346284A US3788547DA US3788547A US 3788547 A US3788547 A US 3788547A US 00346284 A US00346284 A US 00346284A US 3788547D A US3788547D A US 3788547DA US 3788547 A US3788547 A US 3788547A
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United States
Prior art keywords
combustion
exhaust pipe
orifice
liquid
combustion chamber
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00346284A
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English (en)
Inventor
F Fend
K Stahl
W Stahl
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Individual
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Individual
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M13/00—Fumigators; Apparatus for distributing gases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protection of plants
    • A01G13/06—Devices for generating heat, smoke or fog in gardens, orchards or forests, e.g. to prevent damage by frost
    • A01G13/065—Frost protection by generating fog or by spraying

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT In a spraying apparatus in which a liquid is atomized by a pulsating stream of combustion gases discharged through an elongated exhaust pipe from a combustion chamber equipped with a carburetor for use of liquid fuel, the exhaust pipe is equipped with at least two atomizing nozzles. One nozzle near the free orifice of the exhaust pipe is fed the active agent to be sprayed, and the other nozzle near the' combustion chamber is supplied with water or similar cooling liquid which evaporates in the combustion gases and cools the same sufficiently to permit a dispersion of heatsensitive insect pathogens, such as Bacillus thuringiensis, to be atomized at the nozzle near the exhaust pipe orifice.
  • heatsensitive insect pathogens such as Bacillus thuringiensis
  • the apparatus disclosed in the earlier patent includes a combustion chamber supplied with a fuel mixture which is ignited in the chamber.
  • the resulting combustion gases are discharged through a long, straight exhaust pipe, and the liquid to be sprayed is fed to one or more nozzles located near the discharge orifice of the exhaust pipe and atomized by the rapid stream of ex haust gases.
  • spraying apparatus of the known type has been used successfully for dispersing insecticides and like crop treating chemicals, it is not applicable to active agents which are heat sensitive, such as Bacillus thuringiensis and like biological insecticides which do not leave residues potentially harmful to humans on plants protected by spraying. Very few of the biological insecticides presently available on a commercial scale can survive an atomizing temperature much higher than the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere.
  • the combustion gases are discharged from the combustion chamber of the known apparatus at about 900C, and
  • FIG. 1 shows spraying apparatus of the invention in elevational section
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show respective modifications of the apparatus of FIG. 1 in fragmentary plan sections.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown spraying apparatus having many features in common with the apparatus of the earlier patent, and such common features will be described only briefly.
  • a combustion chamber 10 generally cylindrical about a horizontal axis, is connected to one longitudinal end of a straight, cylindrical, coaxial, exhaust pipe 12 by a conically tapering juncture.
  • a combustible fuel mixture is supplied to the combustion chamber through a radial nipple remote from the pipe 12 from a carburetor 22.
  • the carburetor is essentially a converging-diverging tube whose throat communicates with a fuel line 24 and a nozzle 26 for starting air.
  • air is drawn into the carburetor through its enlarged end 40 remote from the chamber 10.
  • a conical baffle 30 and a valve plate 32 normally control the admission of air to the carburetor 22 which is mounted on the sprayer casing 53, only partly visible in the drawing;
  • Air for starting the spraying apparatus is blown into the carburetor throat by compressing a rubber bulb 42 connected to the nozzle 26 by a check valve 38 and equipped with a suction valve 43 for entry of ambient air when the bulb 42 is released and expands resiliently.
  • the carburetor orifice in the nipple of the chamber I0 is covered with a screen or grid 16 which further disperses coarse fuel drops and a sharp circular edge 25 permits a liquid film collected on the nipple wall to be dispersed by the passing air stream.
  • a spark plug 14 mounted on the nipple ignites the combustible fuel mixture as it enters the combustion chamber.
  • a liquid to be dispersed in the combustion gases as they stream from the chamber 10 through the exhaust pipe 12 toward the flaring orifice 88 of the latter, may be stored in a tank whose supply opening is normally sealed hermetically by a cap 86.
  • a feed conduit 78 permits the liquid in the tank 70 to be supplied to an atomizing nozzle 84 located in the exhaust pipe 12 near the orifice 88.
  • the end portion '72 of the conduit 78 in the tank 70 is flexible and is held near the bottom of the tank by a tubular metal weight 74.
  • a rotary multiple-way valve 76 in the conduit 78 permits the air space above the liquid in the tank 70 to be vented to the atmosphere, but normally supplies air under pressure from a line l8.connected to the converging part of the carburetor 22.
  • a check valve 20 in the pressure line 18 prevents fluid flow toward the carburetor.
  • air under pressure flows directly from the pressure line 18 through the valve 76 and the conduit 78 to the nozzle 84 for removing residual liquid, if so desired.
  • a normally closed control valve connects the conduit 78 to the nozzle 84, and is opened by the dynamic pressure of a stream of combustion gases in the pipe 12 entering the orifice of a tube 82 connected to the valve 80, the orifice being directed toward the combustion chamber 10.
  • the structure described in connection with the tank 70 is substantially duplicated to permit a second liquid to be dispersed in the stream of combustion gases in the exhaust pipe 12, or to increase the amount of a single active agent dispersed in a given amount of combustion gas.
  • a second tank 70a adapted to hold a liquid to be atomized in the combustion gases.
  • a flexible terminal portion 72a of a feed conduit 78a is held near the bottom of the tank 70a by a tubular weight 74a, and a multiple-way valve 76a in the conduit 78a connects the air space above the liquid in the tank 70a with the converging portion of the carburetor 22 during normal sprayer operation by way of the aforementioned pressure line 18 and a branch pipe 18a.
  • the supply opening of the tank 70a is normally sealed by a cap 86a so that air pressure can lift liquid from the tank 70a through the conduit 78a and a pressure responsive valve 80 a to a nozzle 84a closely adjacent the aforementioned nozzle 84 and the orifice 88 of the exhaust pipe 12.
  • the valve 80a is operated by gas pressure picked up by the afore-mentioned tube 82.
  • a conduit 93 equipped with a shut-off valve 90 connects the air spaces of the tanks 70,7011, and a similar conduit equipped with a valve 92 connects the bottom portions of the tanks.
  • the valves 90,92 may be kept open when the same liquid is to be discharged from the atomizing nozzles 84,84a.
  • the apparatus described so far is not significantly different from corresponding features of the device disclosed in the earlier patent.
  • the present invention additionally provides a nozzle 84b whose orifice is located in the exhaust pipe 12 closely adjacent the juncture of the pipe with the combustion chamber where the combustion gases are close to their maximum temperature.
  • the nozzle 84b is backed by a liquid supply sys tem closely analogous in part to the devices associated with the nozzles 84,84a, that is, a tank 70b, normally sealed from the atmosphere by a cap 86b closing the supply opening of the tank.
  • a tubular weight 74b holds the flexible end portion 72b of a conduit 780 under the liquid level and near the bottom of the tank 70b, and a multipl eway valve 76b in the conduit 78c permits air under superatmosphic pressure from the pressure line 18 to be admitted to the gas space in the tank 70b through a branch tube 18b.
  • the valve 76b also may be set for directing liquid lifted from the tank 70b under air pressure through a line 78e into an annular compartment 91 which surrounds the conically tapering juncture of the chamber 10 and the pipe 12, and the liquid supply to the nozzle 84b may be drawn from the compartment 91 through a conduit 78d and a selector valve 80b.
  • the valve 80b may alternatively connect the nozzle 84 to the conduit 78c, the conduit 78d, or ultimately a conduit 78b leading to the valve 76 associated with the tank 70, and permitting liquid to be supplied from the tank 70 to the nozzle 84 by suitably setting the valves 76 and 80b.
  • the compartment 91 is separated from the combustion gases entering the exhaust pipe 12 by the conical metal wall of the juncture between the chamber 10 and the pipe 12, and thermal energy is transferred to the body of liquid in the compartment 91 from the hot gases through the common wall.
  • liquid from the tank 70b is fed to the nozzle 84b through the compartment 91, it is preheated before being exposed to the gases and evaporated at the orifice of the nozzle 84b.
  • Conduits 93b,95b connect the air and liquid spaces respectively of the tanks 70,70b and are equipped with shut-off valves 90b,92b.
  • the tank 70 may thus be coupled with the tank 70a and associated elements to increase the flow of liquid to be atomized in the exhaust pipe 12 near the orifice 88, and for simply increasing the stored supply of liquid to be discharged from the nozzle 84a.
  • the tank 70 may be sealed from the tank 70a and the nozzle 84, and used for holding an additional amount of the liquid stored in the tank 70b and/or forsupplying more of the same liquid to the nozzle 84b.
  • the temperature of the combustion gases may be controlled over a wide range by choosing the nature of the liquid dispensed from the nozzle 84b and its rate of flow.
  • Water is the preferred cooling liquid when the apparatus is employed for spraying or fogging agricultural crops with biological insecticides, and the amount of water is preferably chosen so that the combustion gas becomes supersaturated by loss of thermal energy to the air-cooled, metallic exhaust pipe 12 before it reaches the orifice 88.
  • a multiplicity of fine water droplets is thus formed near the nozzles 84,84a and mixes with the liquid atomized at the nozzles 84,84a.
  • the stream emerges through the orifice 88, it is further cooled by the ambient air, and the droplets grow quickly beyond the sub-micron size in which water drops are known to have phytotoxic effects, yet they remain small enough to produce a slowly settling, dense fog of the type preferred for crop protection.
  • Such a fog could be produced heretofore only by the use of oil based active compositions. It was not possible with the apparatus of the earlier invention to produce a suitable fog from active agents alone, nor could water be atomized to the desired small drop size which is readily available in the apparatus of the present invention by condensation of the steam generated at the nozzle 84b. It would not be feasible to convert water in an aqueous suspension of an active agent to steam at a nozzle located near the discharge orifice of the known apparatus without simultaneously damaging the active ingredients, and it would hardly be possible to reconstitute a uniform dispersion after evaporation of the water.
  • the modified apparatus of this invention avoids the difficulties outlined above by evaporating water, or another suitable cooling liquid, in the absence of the active spray ingredients where the combustion gases are hottest, and by employing the cooled, moisture-laden gas stream for atomizing a dispersion of the active ingredient in any suitable liquid, even water.
  • the preheating compartment 91 has been found to facilitate evaporation at the nozzle 84b, but also greatly to reduce the operating noise of the apparatus basically due to the pulsating nature of the gas stream discharged from the orifice 88. It has been found that hot water supplied to the nozzle 84b reduces the noise level as compared to cold water, and it has further been established that a body of water surrounding the juncture of the combustion chamber 10 and the exhaust pipe 12 provides acoustical damping even when the water is not fed to the nozzle 84a.
  • the modified spraying apparatus of FIG. 2 may be resorted to, and the apparatus partly shown in FIG. 3 is preferred where it is desired to increase thedischarge velocity of the spraying mixture.
  • the devices of FIGS. 2 and 3 include the elements of FIG. 1 and as many duplicates thereof as will be required in view of the specifically described features of FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the spraying apparatus shown in FIG. 2 is provided with a single combustion chamber 100 joined to two parallel exhaust pipes 102,104.
  • the ends of the pipes 102,104 remote from the chamber 100 are connected to a common discharge orifice or nozzle 106.
  • Different active agents may be fed to the exhaust pipes 102,104 near the common orifice 106 by respective atomizing nozzles 1 12,114, and the combustion gases in each pipe may be cooled by water injected near the chamber 100 through respective nozzles 108,110.
  • the modified apparatus illustrated in FIG. 3 differs from that described in FIG. 2 by being provided with two separate combustion chambers 200,202 which supply combustion gases to respective exhaust pipes 204,206 merging into a common discharge orifice 208. Water may be injected into the pipes 204,206, through nozzles 210,212, and active ingredients atomized in the cooled, moistened combustion gases from nozzles 214,216 near the orifice 208.
  • a spraying apparatus having a combustion chamber, carburetor means connected to said chamber for supplying the same with a combustible mixture of a liquid fuel with air of combustion, ignition means for igniting said mixture, an elongated exhaust pipe having two longitudinally terminal portions, one of said portions being joined to said chamber in a juncture for receiving a stream of combustion gas from said chamber, and the other portion having an orifice for discharging said stream, a plurality of atomizing nozzles in said exhaust pipe, a plurality of tanks adapted to hold respective liquids to be dispersed in said combustion gas, respective conduits connecting said tanks to associated ones of said nozzles, the improvement which comprises:
  • one of said nozzles being located in said one terminal portion and substantially nearer to said combustion chamber than to said orifice, and
  • a portion of the conduit connecting said one nozzle to the associated tank having a wall of thermally conductive material in common with said combustion chamber.
  • sound damping means for damping the sound of the combustion gases being discharged from said combustion chamber into said one terminal portion, said sound damping means including a compartment enveloping said juncture and a body of liquid in said compartment.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Special Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
  • Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
US00346284A 1972-04-05 1973-03-30 Spraying apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3788547A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2216415A DE2216415A1 (de) 1972-04-05 1972-04-05 Schwingbrenner-nebelgeraet

Publications (1)

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US3788547A true US3788547A (en) 1974-01-29

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00346284A Expired - Lifetime US3788547A (en) 1972-04-05 1973-03-30 Spraying apparatus

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US (1) US3788547A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
JP (2) JPS4916023A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
CA (1) CA992039A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
DE (1) DE2216415A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
FR (1) FR2179098B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
GB (1) GB1365277A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
IT (1) IT982677B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
NL (1) NL7304444A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5052618A (en) * 1990-07-26 1991-10-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Method and apparatus for protecting crops from frost by jet-dispersed, microencapsulated aerosols
US5287696A (en) * 1992-09-16 1994-02-22 Toyoki Shigemi Pulse-jet atomizer mechanism for sprinkling chemicals
US5370274A (en) * 1989-11-24 1994-12-06 Ohmi; Tadahiro Apparatus for cleaning a wafer surface
US20030068303A1 (en) * 2001-05-11 2003-04-10 Selvig Thomas A. Biologic-chemical fungicide compositions and methods of use
US20070218194A1 (en) * 2006-03-15 2007-09-20 Stolle Machinery Company, Llc Mixing apparatus and method for the repair of can ends
CN103931596A (zh) * 2014-04-16 2014-07-23 江苏兴宏植保机械有限公司 烟雾机
US20200113171A1 (en) * 2018-10-12 2020-04-16 Deere & Company Multi-fluid spray system and method for agricultural product application
US20200113170A1 (en) * 2018-10-12 2020-04-16 Deere & Company Multi-fluid spray system and method for agricultural product application
WO2020109782A1 (en) * 2018-11-27 2020-06-04 Namor Melham Method and apparatus for the generation and distribution of a fog containing useful thermal energy

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2458949A1 (de) * 1974-12-12 1976-06-16 Stahl Karl Heinz Schwingbrenner-nebelgeraet oder schwingbrenner-heizgeraet
FR2992575B1 (fr) * 2012-06-29 2015-07-17 Herakles Dispositif de pulverisation d'un liquide

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2605137A (en) * 1946-12-26 1952-07-29 Homestead Valve Mfg Co Spray generator
US2896855A (en) * 1958-06-18 1959-07-28 Don O Neville Chemical applicator for use with internal combustion engines
US3382603A (en) * 1966-06-30 1968-05-14 Burgess Vibrocrafters Method and apparatus for vaporizing material
US3575349A (en) * 1968-03-20 1971-04-20 Stahl Karl Heinz Spraying apparatus

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2836567A (en) * 1952-07-25 1958-05-27 Snecma Apparatus for generating smoke, fog, aerosols and layers of gas or dispersions
FR1125567A (fr) * 1955-05-02 1956-11-02 Snecma Appareil à jet de gaz pulsatoire pour la projection de substances

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2605137A (en) * 1946-12-26 1952-07-29 Homestead Valve Mfg Co Spray generator
US2896855A (en) * 1958-06-18 1959-07-28 Don O Neville Chemical applicator for use with internal combustion engines
US3382603A (en) * 1966-06-30 1968-05-14 Burgess Vibrocrafters Method and apparatus for vaporizing material
US3575349A (en) * 1968-03-20 1971-04-20 Stahl Karl Heinz Spraying apparatus

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5370274A (en) * 1989-11-24 1994-12-06 Ohmi; Tadahiro Apparatus for cleaning a wafer surface
US5052618A (en) * 1990-07-26 1991-10-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Method and apparatus for protecting crops from frost by jet-dispersed, microencapsulated aerosols
US5287696A (en) * 1992-09-16 1994-02-22 Toyoki Shigemi Pulse-jet atomizer mechanism for sprinkling chemicals
US20030068303A1 (en) * 2001-05-11 2003-04-10 Selvig Thomas A. Biologic-chemical fungicide compositions and methods of use
US20070218194A1 (en) * 2006-03-15 2007-09-20 Stolle Machinery Company, Llc Mixing apparatus and method for the repair of can ends
US7644678B2 (en) * 2006-03-15 2010-01-12 Stolle Machinery Company, Llc Mixing apparatus and method for the repair of can ends
CN103931596A (zh) * 2014-04-16 2014-07-23 江苏兴宏植保机械有限公司 烟雾机
CN103931596B (zh) * 2014-04-16 2015-11-18 江苏兴宏植保机械有限公司 烟雾机
CN105165775A (zh) * 2014-04-16 2015-12-23 江苏兴宏植保机械有限公司 强制散热烟雾机
US20200113171A1 (en) * 2018-10-12 2020-04-16 Deere & Company Multi-fluid spray system and method for agricultural product application
US20200113170A1 (en) * 2018-10-12 2020-04-16 Deere & Company Multi-fluid spray system and method for agricultural product application
US10842143B2 (en) * 2018-10-12 2020-11-24 Deere & Company Multi-fluid spray system and method for agricultural product application
US11051505B2 (en) * 2018-10-12 2021-07-06 Deere & Company Multi-fluid spray system and method for agricultural product application
WO2020109782A1 (en) * 2018-11-27 2020-06-04 Namor Melham Method and apparatus for the generation and distribution of a fog containing useful thermal energy
US20220022385A1 (en) * 2018-11-27 2022-01-27 Melhem Namor Method and apparatus for the generation and distribution of a fog containing useful thermal energy

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2179098A2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1973-11-16
JPS4916023A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1974-02-13
IT982677B (it) 1974-10-21
DE2216415A1 (de) 1973-10-18
GB1365277A (en) 1974-08-29
JPS5853577B2 (ja) 1983-11-30
CA992039A (en) 1976-06-29
FR2179098B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1978-02-10
NL7304444A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1973-10-09
JPS52151946A (en) 1977-12-16

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