US3786755A - Plastic cartridge casing - Google Patents

Plastic cartridge casing Download PDF

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Publication number
US3786755A
US3786755A US00199913A US3786755DA US3786755A US 3786755 A US3786755 A US 3786755A US 00199913 A US00199913 A US 00199913A US 3786755D A US3786755D A US 3786755DA US 3786755 A US3786755 A US 3786755A
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United States
Prior art keywords
primer
base section
opening
cartridge casing
plastic
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English (en)
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G Eckstein
W Moyher
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Remington Arms Co LLC
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Remington Arms Co LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/0033—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor constructed for making articles provided with holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/16—Forging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C55/30—Drawing through a die
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C57/00—Shaping of tube ends, e.g. flanging, belling or closing; Apparatus therefor, e.g. collapsible mandrels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B29C66/612—Making circumferential joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/26—Cartridge cases
    • F42B5/30—Cartridge cases of plastics, i.e. the cartridge-case tube is of plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • B29C2793/009—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation after shaping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/25—Solid
    • B29K2105/253—Preform
    • B29K2105/258—Tubular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/777—Weapons
    • B29L2031/7772—Cartridges

Definitions

  • shells described in the patents cited above are plastic shells having integral body and base portions which were developed from injection molded slugs, or starting pieces and which require that the tinished head and basewad portion remain in substantially as-molded condition, free from deformation and orientation. Unlike such shells, all portions of the tbasewad portion of the present invention undergo substantial degrees. of cold plastic deformation with the usual results on the physical properties of the cold-worked plastic.
  • the present process is an adaptation of a process originally used to make aluminum shotshell and center fire cases. See U. S. Pat. No. 2,668,345 to G. R. Ecksten issued on Feb. 9, i954. However, there are differences in working with plastic, some of which will be described during the explanation of the process below.
  • a particular point of novelty, in the present case, is the primer gas sealing means and the method of forming the gas sealing means.
  • There are various means presently in use or. proposed for use which call for gas sealing rings or skirts located at the front end of the primerbore which .are in direct contact with the propellantmeans so that they are moved by the explosive combustion pressure in the shell to engage the front end of the primer to effect gas sealing.
  • gas sealing means is rendered inoperative and the shell becomes useless for further reloading.
  • the primer sealing ring of the present invention is found inside the primer bore, it is protected to some degree from mis-aligned depriming pins and thus is less susceptible to being damaged.
  • a particular object of the invention is to provide a novel primer sealing means which will be effective to seal a variety of lengths and diameters of primers.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a one-piece plastic shotshell made according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded cross-sectional view of the primer opening and the associated gas sealing ring.
  • FIG. 2A is the same view as FIG. 2 except that a primer means is shown in place.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the starting plastic slug. 1
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a radially expanded slug which has also been flared at one end.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the impactextruded plastic body with a thickened wall portion at one end of and on the exterior of the body.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the extruded plastic body after the forward end is trimmed and the thickened rear end portion inverted so that the mass of plastic is now inside the body.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the plastic body after the thickened rear end portion is deformed to form a cartridge base portion with a primer opening and an extruded ring surrounding the portion of the primer opening opposite the tubular body section.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the plastic body of FIG. 7 after sizing.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the punch and die arrangement for the preform step which results in an expanded and flared preform as shown in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the punch and die arrangement for the impact extrusion step which results in an oriented body as shown in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a trimming means which removes the lower end of the body member shown in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the shrouding hunter and support means of the folding or inverting step which results in the plastic cartridge casing shown in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the hunter and die means of the pre-heading step which results in the cartridge casing shown in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the plastic cartridge casing being pushed through a sizing die.
  • FIG. 15 is a cross sectional view of the rearwardly extending extruded collar on the pre-headed plastic cartridge being impacted to form a forwardly extending annular ring which eventually becomes the primer sealing ring.
  • FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of feeding the metal cap to the plastic shell.
  • FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing the first heading bunt in which the metal cap is attached to the plastic shell and the primer sealing ring is pushed into shape.
  • FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of the main or final hunt in which the metal-capped plastic shell is formed to final dimensions.
  • FIG. 1 shows a shotgun shell casing having a tubular body portion 12 which may be skived to form a tapered end 14 at its mouth end and which has an integrally formed transverse base portion 16 at the breech end of the shell.
  • the tubular body portion 12 is essentially of uniform wall thickness although the rear portion 18 tapers slightly near the base portion.
  • a conventional metal head member 20, of brass, steel, or any other suitable metal, is attached to the base portion 16 primarily by an annular rim 22 integral with the base portion 16 and by the annular metal skirt 24 which projects inwardly into the primer opening 26 of the base portion.
  • a continuous gas sealing skirt 28 Integral with the base portion 16 is a continuous gas sealing skirt 28 which projects inwardly towards the center of the opening to form an annular ring having a bore which is less than the primer bore.
  • An alternative method of attaching the metal cap to the plastic base portion is to provide a plurality of prongs (not shown) in place of the annular metal skirt 24 and embed the prongs in the plastic base portion.
  • a primer 30 is inserted by force fit into the primer bore and extends past the forward end of the primer sealing skirt 28 so that the skirt forms a continuous surface with the cylindrical wall surface 26A of the primer bore. (See FIG. 2A) It can be seen that the gas sealing skirt does not come into direct contact with the combustion heat and gases which result from the ignition of the propellant means. Thus, it can be expected that there will be less erosion of the primer seal as a result of the hot combustion gases.
  • the gas sealing skirt 28 utilizes a collar of plastic drawn out to an oriented section and buttresses with a tight fitting primer bore to concentrate stresses across a thin band or line of contact between plastic and primer.
  • thermoplastics and especially polyethylene
  • polyethylene the pieces of plastic shaped by tools bear little resemblance in profile and dimension to the tools that did the shaping. These tools must be so shaped to compensate for the high degree of dimensional recovery that is typical of polyethylene after a severe cold-forming operation.
  • any plastic that can be mechanically deformed below its melting point can be processed according to the present process.
  • the starting point of the process is to provide a tubular plastic slug 32. (See FIG. 3)
  • This plastic slug can be made in various ways but from the standpoint-of economy, it has been found that extruded plastic heavywalled tubuing, cut to proper length, can be used very conveniently and economically.
  • the process which has been developed involves the utilization of operating die sets of the progressive trans-. fer type so that the time interval between steps is measured in fractions of a second. For this reason, the configurations and shapes of the workpieces shown in the FIGS. 4 through 7 are not entirely correct since the plastic after deformation takes some time to recover to the dimensions shown in the FIGURES. It is impossible to accurately measure the shape of the plastic immediately after removal from the dies since the plastic is in the process of elastic recovery and change due to this memory.
  • the FIGURES thus represent sketches of workpieces which have been withdrawn from the process at that particular point and allowed to cool and attain a stable value.
  • Slugs 32 are fed to each row of tools end .to end (not shown) and are positioned over the first mechanical working station called preform. There are two tools used in this station, a top punch 34 and a support die 36. (See FIG. 9)
  • An important function of the preform step is to stretch the slug radially and prepare it to fit accurately into the die bore of the next processing step (impact extrude). Since plastic has a large elastic recovery and a memory factor, it is necessary to select tool diameters of punch 34 so that the slug is overstretched. The uppermost portion 34a of punch 34 establishes a top flare on the preform to add a safety factor for punch entrance in the next operation.
  • FIG. 9 shows tool positions at the bottom of the machine stroke. On the upstroke, the preform is lifted up and is stripped against a stationary bushing (not shown).
  • Impact extrude is a severe mechanical operation and requires the greatest thrust of any of the steps in the process.
  • Punch 42 has a series of important dimensions and profiles. Beginning at the lower extremity, it has a taper section 42a, then a straight cylindrical section 42b, an enlarged knob-shaped working punch land 42c, and finally the support shank 42d of the punch.
  • Tapered section 42a enters the bore of preform 38 and expands it radially into contact with the extrusion die bore 40a.
  • Preform 38 can be at room temperature or at an elevated temperature below the crystalline melt temperature for the plastic being used.
  • the diameter of cylindrical section 42b of the punch and the bore 40a are so related that the preform does not Eckstein or buckle when the working punch land 42c begins the actual impact extrusion of the plastic.
  • the diameter of working punch land 42c is selected to clear the die bore 40a by an amount which will produce the desired wall thickness in the body of the finished shell. However, because of the elastic recovery of the plastic, the actual clearance between the punch and die is much less than the shell wall thickness produced.
  • the support shank 42d of the punch is back tapered to minimize the area of shell in contact with the punch at the instant of extrusion since the thick collar at the top of the extrusion (which becomes the base of the shell) contracts very rapidly.
  • the extrusion die 40 includes a flared mouth 40b which is critical in establishing the wall thickness gradient between the tubular body section and the head portion of the finished shell. The amount of energy liberated at each 6 stroke is enough to require water cooling of punch 42. This may be accomplished by any well-known means.
  • the plasticj workpiece has been substantially elongated in the axial or longitudinal direction and that an impactextruded component .44 has been formed which has a substantially straight walled tubular body portion 44a and a thick walled rear end section 44b, which thick wall is on the exterior of the body member.
  • the forward end44c shown between punch land 42c and die insert 40c, is important to keep the tools from striking each other.
  • the next operation performed on the shell is to trim the excess portion-44c from the forward or mouth end of the shell. This can be done by lancing with a knife or by any other well-known means.
  • FIG. 11 shows the portion 440 detached from the component after the component has been moved past the lancing means 45.
  • the shell mouth of the trimmed component 46 is at complete open bore and can be supported with a full diameter stem within the next station which is called profile inversion.
  • V Profile inversion is a gathering or inversion of plastic which has been positioned on the exterior of the workpiece at its upper end. This operation serves to crudely form the shell head and prepare it for final forging. This operation uses two basic tools, a hunter 48 and a stem 50. (See FIG. 12).
  • Stem 50 has a precision profiled nose 50a and is in serted in the trimmed impact extruded component 46 to support the shell while shroud-like bunter 48, with itsprofiled bore, establishes the required bore and diameter of the head section in the component.
  • the trimmed impact extrusion 46 is located in axial alignment with stem 50.
  • the bunter 48 descends and drives the workpiece over the stem and effects a diameter reduction of the component top.
  • the clearance between stem 50 and the bore of bunter 48 serves to lock and support the component for further compression and inward folding.
  • Thecomponent 52 is then removed from the stem 50 and moved to the next station called pre-heading. (See FIG. 13)
  • the pre-head station utilizes three main tools to support: and forge the plastic workpiece or component, Le, a hunter 54, a stem 56, and a die means 58.
  • the component 52 is supported by a stem 56 and a die 58 and is compressed by a bunter 54 which has a complex series of contours to form the preheaded component 60..Tl1e counterbore 54a fashions the extruded collar 60d and the corner cutaway 54b produces the rim 60b.
  • Extruded collar 60a surrounds the primer bore and subsequently will be deformed to become the primer gasiseal. Rim 60b will be reformed to become the rim fill of the cap which is added in a later step of the process.
  • the profile inversion component 52 is driven by the hunter 54 into the die 58 as well as over the stem 56.
  • Preheading is a high-thrust operation in which plastic flows and extrudes into all free space that is vented. This flow makes it possible to form the collar 60a and the rim 60b. The flow also verifies the tapered wall between the head and body sections of the shell.
  • FIG. 13 shows the tool position at the bottom of the stroke. Again the component is lifted from stem 56 and die 58 on the upstroke, preferably by means of a knockout sleeve (not shown).
  • the pre-headed component 60 is then transferred into axial alignment with the last station in the progressive die set. It is a simple sizing operation. (See FIG. 14) There are two tools used, a die 64 and a punch 66. In operation, the pre-headed component 60 is pushed mouth down through the die 64. The position of the tools shown in FIGVM is a mid-point in the downstroke of the press.
  • the sizing operation serves as a corrective means, attained with inexpensive tooling, for establishing a desired body diameter on the finished shell.
  • the sized components 62 are washed free of lubricant and simultaneously stabilized dimensionally by using a hot water wash.
  • the temperature of the wash is selected to coincide with the maximum temperature expected in storage conditions for the finished shells. Higher temperatures at wash accomplish dimensional stability in shorter times. For this purpose, 170? F for 20 minutes is suitable.
  • the equipment includes a stem 68 and a die 70.
  • the support stem 68 is positioned to hold the component well above the heading die 70 for the first working station (FIG. 15) of this series.
  • a shroud-like bunter 72 with center punch 74 inverts the collar 60a (FIG. 7) into position 76 and the rim 60b (FIG. 7) is tapered inwardly for ease in applying the metal cap 20 in the following work station.
  • FIG. 16 shows the cap 20 in place.
  • the cap 20 has been half headed, i.e., the preparation for the primer and the rim bulge 78 made in a separate operation.
  • a simple flat end punch 80 is used for seating the cap.
  • FIG. 17 shows the stem 68 dropped to align the capped shell within the die 70 at matching position of die shoulder 70a with cap bulge 78.
  • Bunter 82 with center punch 84 drives the shell into location.
  • the inverted collar 76 is drawn out into a thinner section and the rim material 60b is displaced into the cap bulge 78.
  • FIG. 18 shows the finishing bunting of the shell.
  • Bunter 86 with center pin 88 is critically profiled to provide finished dimensions to the gas sealing collar and the primer bore. Also at this station, the metallic rim of the cap 20 is compressed to hold onto the plastic fill that has been prepared in the previous station (FIG. 17). The top area on the cap which will receive the flange of the battery-cup type primer is also verified at this station.
  • Priming the shell may be done by the conventional method of inserting and seating of a regulation batterycup type of shotshell primer.
  • the location of the gas sealing collar 28 is such that it will function with a shorter battery cup usually found in European made shotshells or with longer battery-cup primers generally used in the United States.
  • a slug as shown in FIG. 3 having an CD. of 0.665 inch and an I. D. of 0.230 inch is expanded at the base end 44b in FIG. 5 in the impact extrude step to an O. D. of 0.912 inch and an I. D. of 0.495 inch and finally forged, sized, etc. to a finished shell having a base 0. D. of 0.790 inch and a primer bore of 0.220 inch.
  • the impact extruded dimensions listed above are the cooled dimensions and are not the dimensions of the plastic workpieces at the time they are subjected to deformation in the die set. Accordingly, the tool dimensions are somewhat greater than those listed for the plastic since the plastic workpieces must be expanded before elastic recovery and memory takes over. However, the dimensions are relatively accurate so that some indication can be gained as to the amount of radial deformation of the plastic slug.
  • elongated, thickened endwall portion 44b (FIG. 5) is deformed substantially in order to finish as the base portion 16 of the final shell (FIG. 1).
  • the base portion 16 which are at least moderately oriented or deformed, e.g., primer seal ring 28 and annular n'm 22.
  • Other sections of the base portion because of the substantial cold working of the plastic to achieve the shape and dimensions of the final shell, can be expected to be oriented and strengthened to some degree.
  • the tubular body wall portion 12 is highly oriented in a longitudinal as well as a circumferential direction.
  • a cartridge casing made of thermoplastic material having a tubular body portion and an integrally formed base section, a primer opening extending longitudinally through said base section, primer means positioned in said primer opening in close fitting relationship therewith, said opening being defined by a substantially cylindrical wall means which extends through said base section, and a gas sealing means located in said primer opening intermediate the ends thereof, said sealing means comprising an elongated seal which is buttressed substantially along its entire length by the base section of the cartridge casing when the primer is inserted into the primer opening, said gas sealing means comprising a continuous, annular skirt means formed integrally with said base section to project inwardly towards the Fem e1 line of said primer opening when said primer is not in place and which is forced back against said base section to form a continuous surface with said cylindrical wall means when the primer means is in place.
  • a cartridge casing made of thermoplastic material having a tubular body portion and an integrally formed base section, a primer opening extending longitudinally through said base section, primer means positioned in said primer opening in close fitting relationship therewith, said opening being defined by a substantially cylindrical wall means which extends through said base section, and a gas sealing means located in said primer opening intermediate the ends thereof, said sealing means comprising an elongated seal which is buttressed substantially along its entire length by the base section of the cartridge casing when the primer is inserted into the primer opening, said gas sealing means comprising an annular skirt means integrally formed at its rear end to said base section and having its forward, free end projecting inwardly toward the center line of said primer opening thus forming a continuous groove means between the forward end of said skirt means and said cylindrical wall means.
  • a cartridge casing made of thermoplastic material having a tubular body portion and an integrally formed base section, a primer opening extending longitudinally through said base section, primer means positioned in said primer opening in close fitting relationship therewith, said opening being defined by a substantially cylindrical wall means which extends through said base section, and a gas sealing means located in said primer opening intermediate the ends thereof, said sealing means comprising an elongated seal which is buttressed substantially along its entire length by the base section of the cartridge casing when the primer is inserted into the primer opening, said gas sealing means comprising a continuous, annular skirt means integrally formed with said base section and whose plastic material has been substantially deformed and whose crystalline structure is at least moderately oriented.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
US00199913A 1971-11-18 1971-11-18 Plastic cartridge casing Expired - Lifetime US3786755A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US19991371A 1971-11-18 1971-11-18
US00374336A US3855381A (en) 1971-11-18 1973-06-28 Method of making plastic cartridge casing

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US3786755A true US3786755A (en) 1974-01-22

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US00199913A Expired - Lifetime US3786755A (en) 1971-11-18 1971-11-18 Plastic cartridge casing
US00374336A Expired - Lifetime US3855381A (en) 1971-11-18 1973-06-28 Method of making plastic cartridge casing
US05/470,757 Expired - Lifetime US4065541A (en) 1971-11-18 1974-05-17 Method of making plastic cartridge casing

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US00374336A Expired - Lifetime US3855381A (en) 1971-11-18 1973-06-28 Method of making plastic cartridge casing
US05/470,757 Expired - Lifetime US4065541A (en) 1971-11-18 1974-05-17 Method of making plastic cartridge casing

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (3) US3786755A (enExample)
JP (1) JPS532000B2 (enExample)
AU (1) AU464492B2 (enExample)
CA (1) CA979288A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2253440A1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2161719A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1403594A (enExample)

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US4147107A (en) * 1976-02-17 1979-04-03 Kupag Kunststoff-Patent-Verwaltungs Ag Ammunition cartridge
US4315462A (en) * 1979-09-10 1982-02-16 Vollers Gary L Shot gun shell primer
US4332766A (en) * 1980-02-01 1982-06-01 Federal Cartridge Corporation One-piece shotshell
US4481885A (en) * 1980-02-01 1984-11-13 Federal Cartridge Corporation One-piece shotshell
US4509428A (en) * 1981-01-16 1985-04-09 Federal Cartridge Corporation Shotshell casing with partially telescoped basewad
US4867066A (en) * 1988-10-21 1989-09-19 Olin Corporation Shotshell casing with reduced volume basewad and increased interior volume for larger shot loads
US5303633A (en) * 1990-02-21 1994-04-19 Teledyne Industries, Inc. Shock compression jet gun
US6505558B1 (en) 1989-10-10 2003-01-14 Joanell Laboratories, Inc. Pyrotechnic ignition apparatus and method
US6752084B1 (en) 1999-01-15 2004-06-22 Amtech, Inc. Ammunition articles with plastic components and method of making ammunition articles with plastic components
WO2004096460A1 (en) * 2003-04-25 2004-11-11 Univ Aalborg A punch for extrusion processes and a product produced by use of such punch
US20050081704A1 (en) * 2003-05-29 2005-04-21 Nabil Husseini Ammunition articles and method of making ammunition articles
US20050257711A1 (en) * 1999-01-15 2005-11-24 Natec, Inc. A Cartridge Casing Body And An Ammunition Article Having A Cartridge Casing Body Wherein The Cartridge Casing Body Is Plastic, Ceramic, Or A Composite Material
US20090044717A1 (en) * 1999-01-15 2009-02-19 Development Capital Managment Company base for a cartridge casing body for an ammunition article, a cartridge casing body and an ammunition article having such base, wherein the base is made from plastic, ceramic, or a composite material
US9470485B1 (en) 2004-03-29 2016-10-18 Victor B. Kley Molded plastic cartridge with extended flash tube, sub-sonic cartridges, and user identification for firearms and site sensing fire control
US9921017B1 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-03-20 Victor B. Kley User identification for weapons and site sensing fire control
USD849874S1 (en) * 2018-01-21 2019-05-28 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Muzzleloader propellant cartridge
US20220074724A1 (en) * 2019-02-14 2022-03-10 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Polymer ammunition and cartridge having a convex primer insert
US11313654B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2022-04-26 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Polymer ammunition having a projectile made by metal injection molding
US11333473B2 (en) * 2017-03-07 2022-05-17 National Machinery Llc Long cartridge case
US11340053B2 (en) 2019-03-19 2022-05-24 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Methods and devices metering and compacting explosive powders
US11408714B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2022-08-09 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Polymer ammunition having an overmolded primer insert
US11435171B2 (en) 2018-02-14 2022-09-06 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Device and method of determining the force required to remove a projectile from an ammunition cartridge
US20220290956A1 (en) * 2019-02-14 2022-09-15 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Polymer ammunition and cartridge having a convex primer insert
US11448488B2 (en) 2017-08-08 2022-09-20 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Metal injection molded ammunition cartridge
US11454479B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2022-09-27 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Subsonic polymeric ammunition
US11506471B2 (en) 2017-11-09 2022-11-22 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Multi-piece polymer ammunition cartridge nose
US11543218B2 (en) 2019-07-16 2023-01-03 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Polymer ammunition having an alignment aid, cartridge and method of making the same
US11548193B2 (en) * 2018-05-31 2023-01-10 Silgan Dispensing Systems Le Treport S.A.S. Method for producing a guiding rod for a pump
US11614314B2 (en) 2018-07-06 2023-03-28 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Three-piece primer insert for polymer ammunition
US11719519B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2023-08-08 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Subsonic polymeric ammunition with diffuser
US11733010B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2023-08-22 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Method of making a metal injection molded ammunition cartridge
US11733015B2 (en) 2018-07-06 2023-08-22 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Multi-piece primer insert for polymer ammunition

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US4514352A (en) * 1981-01-16 1985-04-30 Federal Cartridge Corporation Shotshell casing with partially telescoped basewad
US4754684A (en) * 1987-04-10 1988-07-05 Enrique Borgheresi Shotgun shell shortener and method
SE523785C2 (sv) * 1995-02-07 2004-05-18 Plastech Aps Metod och anordning för att framställa en rörformad behållare med tillslutningsorgan
US6361842B1 (en) 1996-05-30 2002-03-26 United States Brass Corporation Reformed crosslinked polyethylene articles
USD652472S1 (en) 2010-08-14 2012-01-17 Daniel Klement Shotgun shell casing
USD652476S1 (en) 2010-10-08 2012-01-17 Daniel Klement Shotgun shell casing
USD652888S1 (en) 2010-10-08 2012-01-24 Daniel Klement Shotgun shell casing
USD652475S1 (en) 2010-10-08 2012-01-17 Daniel Klement Shotgun shell casing
USD652473S1 (en) 2010-10-08 2012-01-17 Daniel Klement Shotgun shell casing
USD652477S1 (en) 2010-10-08 2012-01-17 Daniel Klement Shotgun shell casing
USD652474S1 (en) 2010-10-08 2012-01-17 Daniel Klement Shotgun shell casing
US10907943B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2021-02-02 Cybernet Systems Corp. Integrated polymer and metal case ammunition manufacturing system and method
DE102017117622A1 (de) * 2017-08-03 2019-02-07 Klöckner Desma Elastomertechnik GmbH Zuführungsvorrichtung zum Zuführen von pastösen Massen

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US3370534A (en) * 1966-03-24 1968-02-27 Herter Inc S Shotshell with integral base wad
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Cited By (49)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4147107A (en) * 1976-02-17 1979-04-03 Kupag Kunststoff-Patent-Verwaltungs Ag Ammunition cartridge
US4315462A (en) * 1979-09-10 1982-02-16 Vollers Gary L Shot gun shell primer
US4332766A (en) * 1980-02-01 1982-06-01 Federal Cartridge Corporation One-piece shotshell
DE3102830A1 (de) * 1980-02-01 1982-10-14 Federal Cartridge Corp., 55402 Minneapolis, Minn. "einstueckiges schrotpatronengehaeuse sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zu seiner herstellung
US4481885A (en) * 1980-02-01 1984-11-13 Federal Cartridge Corporation One-piece shotshell
US4509428A (en) * 1981-01-16 1985-04-09 Federal Cartridge Corporation Shotshell casing with partially telescoped basewad
US4867066A (en) * 1988-10-21 1989-09-19 Olin Corporation Shotshell casing with reduced volume basewad and increased interior volume for larger shot loads
WO1990004751A1 (en) * 1988-10-21 1990-05-03 Olin Corporation Shotshell casing with reduced volume basewad and increased interior volume for larger shot loads
US6505558B1 (en) 1989-10-10 2003-01-14 Joanell Laboratories, Inc. Pyrotechnic ignition apparatus and method
US5303633A (en) * 1990-02-21 1994-04-19 Teledyne Industries, Inc. Shock compression jet gun
US6752084B1 (en) 1999-01-15 2004-06-22 Amtech, Inc. Ammunition articles with plastic components and method of making ammunition articles with plastic components
US6845716B2 (en) 1999-01-15 2005-01-25 Natec, Inc. Ammunition articles with plastic components and method of making ammunition articles with plastic components
US20050188883A1 (en) * 1999-01-15 2005-09-01 Natec, Inc. Ammunition articles with plastic components and method of making ammunition articles with plastic components
US20050257711A1 (en) * 1999-01-15 2005-11-24 Natec, Inc. A Cartridge Casing Body And An Ammunition Article Having A Cartridge Casing Body Wherein The Cartridge Casing Body Is Plastic, Ceramic, Or A Composite Material
US20060011087A1 (en) * 1999-01-15 2006-01-19 Natec, Inc. Ammunition articles with plastic components and method of making ammunition articles with plastic components
US20090044717A1 (en) * 1999-01-15 2009-02-19 Development Capital Managment Company base for a cartridge casing body for an ammunition article, a cartridge casing body and an ammunition article having such base, wherein the base is made from plastic, ceramic, or a composite material
WO2004096460A1 (en) * 2003-04-25 2004-11-11 Univ Aalborg A punch for extrusion processes and a product produced by use of such punch
US20050081704A1 (en) * 2003-05-29 2005-04-21 Nabil Husseini Ammunition articles and method of making ammunition articles
US7059234B2 (en) 2003-05-29 2006-06-13 Natec, Inc. Ammunition articles and method of making ammunition articles
US20070044644A1 (en) * 2003-05-29 2007-03-01 Natec, Inc. Ammunition Article And Apparatus For Making Ammunition Articles
US9470485B1 (en) 2004-03-29 2016-10-18 Victor B. Kley Molded plastic cartridge with extended flash tube, sub-sonic cartridges, and user identification for firearms and site sensing fire control
US9891030B1 (en) 2004-03-29 2018-02-13 Victor B. Kley Molded plastic cartridge with extended flash tube, sub-sonic cartridges, and user identification for firearms and site sensing fire control
US11828580B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2023-11-28 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Diffuser for polymer ammunition cartridges
US11454479B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2022-09-27 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Subsonic polymeric ammunition
US11733010B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2023-08-22 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Method of making a metal injection molded ammunition cartridge
US11313654B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2022-04-26 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Polymer ammunition having a projectile made by metal injection molding
US11719519B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2023-08-08 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Subsonic polymeric ammunition with diffuser
US11592270B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2023-02-28 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Multi-piece polymer ammunition cartridge nose
US11408714B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2022-08-09 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Polymer ammunition having an overmolded primer insert
US11821722B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2023-11-21 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Diffuser for polymer ammunition cartridges
US11441881B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2022-09-13 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Polymer cartridge having a primer insert with a primer pocket groove
US11953303B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2024-04-09 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Subsonic polymeric ammunition cartridge
US11486680B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2022-11-01 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Method of making a primer insert for use in polymer ammunition
US9921017B1 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-03-20 Victor B. Kley User identification for weapons and site sensing fire control
US11333473B2 (en) * 2017-03-07 2022-05-17 National Machinery Llc Long cartridge case
US11448488B2 (en) 2017-08-08 2022-09-20 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Metal injection molded ammunition cartridge
US11506471B2 (en) 2017-11-09 2022-11-22 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Multi-piece polymer ammunition cartridge nose
USD849874S1 (en) * 2018-01-21 2019-05-28 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Muzzleloader propellant cartridge
US11435171B2 (en) 2018-02-14 2022-09-06 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Device and method of determining the force required to remove a projectile from an ammunition cartridge
US11548193B2 (en) * 2018-05-31 2023-01-10 Silgan Dispensing Systems Le Treport S.A.S. Method for producing a guiding rod for a pump
US12253347B2 (en) 2018-07-06 2025-03-18 True Velocity IP Holdings, Inc. Three-piece primer insert for polymer ammunition
US11614314B2 (en) 2018-07-06 2023-03-28 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Three-piece primer insert for polymer ammunition
US11733015B2 (en) 2018-07-06 2023-08-22 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Multi-piece primer insert for polymer ammunition
US20220074724A1 (en) * 2019-02-14 2022-03-10 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Polymer ammunition and cartridge having a convex primer insert
US11788825B1 (en) 2019-02-14 2023-10-17 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Polymer ammunition and cartridge having a convex primer insert
US20220290956A1 (en) * 2019-02-14 2022-09-15 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Polymer ammunition and cartridge having a convex primer insert
US11512936B2 (en) 2019-03-19 2022-11-29 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Methods and devices metering and compacting explosive powders
US11340053B2 (en) 2019-03-19 2022-05-24 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Methods and devices metering and compacting explosive powders
US11543218B2 (en) 2019-07-16 2023-01-03 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Polymer ammunition having an alignment aid, cartridge and method of making the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4065541A (en) 1977-12-27
US3855381A (en) 1974-12-17
FR2161719A5 (enExample) 1973-07-06
DE2253440A1 (de) 1973-05-24
GB1403594A (en) 1975-08-28
JPS532000B2 (enExample) 1978-01-24
AU464492B2 (en) 1975-08-28
AU4817472A (en) 1974-05-02
JPS4862869A (enExample) 1973-09-01
CA979288A (en) 1975-12-09

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