US3785377A - Plant, preferably for anaesthesia - Google Patents

Plant, preferably for anaesthesia Download PDF

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Publication number
US3785377A
US3785377A US00197001A US3785377DA US3785377A US 3785377 A US3785377 A US 3785377A US 00197001 A US00197001 A US 00197001A US 3785377D A US3785377D A US 3785377DA US 3785377 A US3785377 A US 3785377A
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United States
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communicated
flowmeter
inlet
anaesthetic
gas
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00197001A
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English (en)
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S Jorgensen
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Individual
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Priority claimed from DK575370A external-priority patent/DK124515B/da
Priority claimed from DK503871A external-priority patent/DK127229B/da
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0087—Environmental safety or protection means, e.g. preventing explosion
    • A61M16/009—Removing used or expired gases or anaesthetic vapours
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/08—Bellows; Connecting tubes ; Water traps; Patient circuits
    • A61M16/0808—Condensation traps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/08—Bellows; Connecting tubes ; Water traps; Patient circuits
    • A61M16/0816—Joints or connectors
    • A61M16/0833—T- or Y-type connectors, e.g. Y-piece
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/22—Carbon dioxide-absorbing devices ; Other means for removing carbon dioxide
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
    • A61M2016/003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S128/00—Surgery
    • Y10S128/91—Anesthesia gas scavenging system

Definitions

  • the apparatus for administration of anaesthesia includes a controlled source of anaesthetic gas, a mask, check valves on either side of the mask, carbon dioxide absorber, rubber bag, and means for removal of circulated anaesthetic gas from the system. lnlet and outlet from the system may be conveniently controlled thereby maintaining substantially the same pressure throughout the system.
  • the apparatus disclosed provides that harmful anaesthetic gases exhausted from the system do not reach the ambient air surrounding the apparatus, thus the staff working in the area of the apparatus is protected from exposure to the gases.
  • the invention relates to a plant or apparatus preferably for anaesthesia including a pipe system to which there are connected an anaesthetic mask, an absorber for the absorption of the carbon dioxide of the expiration air, a rubber bag, check valves and an inlet for feeding the anaesthetic gas from a rotameter box.
  • a plant of this kind is already known, in which a respiration valve of the pop-off type is fitted in the pipe system at the rubber bag.
  • this valve the excess anaesthetic gas from the system will gradually pass out to the room in which the apparatus is used which is most undesirable as there is reason to believe that the anaesthetics generally used today have a teratogenetic effect.
  • nitric oxide may bring about aplastic anaemia, and among American anaesthesiologists there seems to be a noteworthy death-rate due to malignant tumours in the blood cell forming organs.
  • Studies of Danish anaesthesia staff has proven that the frequency of spontaneous abortion rose from to about per cent after employment in an anaesthesia department as compared to working in areas free from anaesthetics.
  • anaesthetics gases are capable of quickly spreading upwards thereby affecting those staying near the plant.
  • the purpose of the invention is to produce a plant of the above-mentioned kind which results in complete removal of the anaesthetic gas leav- 'ing the pipe system.
  • the plant according to the invention is characterized in that the pipe system, preferably near the rubber bag, has a branch pipe which is provided with parts for the controlled suction of the anaesthetic gases from the pipe system. In this way control is maintained of the anaesthetic gases which have left the pipe system of the plant, whereby those members of the hospital staff operating the device or being near it are prevented from being exposed to the injurious effect of the gases.
  • the devices for controlled suction of the anaesthetic gases may comprise a flowmeter provided with a regulating valve, the outlet of the meter being connected with a vacuum producing or vacuum means, such as a vacuum pump or a central vacuum plant.
  • a vacuum producing or vacuum means such as a vacuum pump or a central vacuum plant.
  • Easy adjustment of the volume current desired to remove from the circuit is realized as well as during the adjustment of the valve it is easy to take readings of the flowmeter.
  • the adjustment of the valve must be suited to the volume current of the anaesthetics gas which is fed from the rotameter box so that a balance is maintained between the volume current introduced and the volume current exhausted. Besides the flowmeter is easy to control.
  • a humidity absorber may be inserted before the flowmeter, and the flowmeter may for instance be of the rotameter type or it may be a ball flowmeter.
  • the flowmeter may for instance be of the rotameter type or it may be a ball flowmeter.
  • the humidity absorber may contain silica gel as known, and the quantity of this gel may be at minimum 20 g. This is sufficient for a flowmeter of the rotameter type will work perfectly for at least three hours under normal suction conditions.
  • the flowmeter may be built into the rotameter box whereas the humidity absorber is fitted adjacent to the box. In this manner it is easy to read the magnitude of the volume current removed and applied and also that the silica gel is easy to exhange. The exchange may be conveniently performed during the working of the plant.
  • the plant may be arranged to work in connection with a respirator, the suction devices being fitted on the expiration side of the respirator, and also a reservoir bag may be fitted between the respirator and the suction devices.
  • the humidity absorber may be fitted for an easy exchange by providing it with a quick clutch.
  • the humidity absorber is very easy to remove and replace with another when the absorbability of the gel contained has been used up. Usually, this will be shown when an indicator added to the gel changes color.
  • the vacuum producing unit may be designed as an ejector suction unit and built together with the flowmeter at its outlet end, and the outlet end of the ejector suction unit may be connected to a piping carried to the nearest window or venting channel in the working room.
  • the suction can be carried out very smoothly as a result of the continuously flowing driving gas.
  • heat does not occur, and the unit is working completely independent of an electric power supply.
  • the anaesthetic gas leaving the flowmeter is not exhausted into the working room.
  • the staff operating the plant is well protected against the anaesthetic gas.
  • the ejector suction unit may consist of a mainly T-shaped pipe piece, the vertical part of which is tightly fitted to the outlet end of the flowmeter, and the horizontal part of which contains two mainly truncated cone-shaped jet bodies, The narrowest ends of these bodies face each other and have a mutual distance which generally is equal to the inside diameter of the vertical pipe part, and where the narrowest end of the jet body acting as jet pipe projects a just over the inside diameter of the vertical pipe part, and that the horizontal pipe part is provided with means for inlet and outlet, respectively of the driving gas.
  • This ejector suction unit is both simple and reliable.
  • a shut-off valve may be inserted, such as a ball valve and this valve may be fitted upstream from the jet body formed by the jet pipe, in the supply direction of the driving gas.
  • the suction unit is easy to start and stop without it being necessary to regulate the source from which the driving gas is supplied
  • the injector suction unit may be arranged to work with a driving gas having a pressure of up to 6 atmospheres, which gas may for instance be compressed air, nitrogen or oxygen. The vacuum thus produced by the suction unit will be suitably high.
  • FIG. 1 shows in outline an embodiment of the plant according to the invention intended for anaesthesia
  • FIG. 2 a flowmeter provided with a regulating valve with humidity absorber
  • FIG. 3 the plant according to the invention used in connection with a respirator
  • FIG. 4 another embodiment of the plant according to the invention intended for anaesthesia, and in which the anaesthetic gas is removed by means of an exhaust suction unit,
  • FIG. 5 a flowmeter provided with a regulating valve with requisite humidity absorber and exhaust suction unit, seen in perspective, and
  • FIG. 6 part of the exhaust suction unit according to FIG. 5 in a large scale and longitudinally viewed.
  • the anaesthesia plant shown in FIG. 1 consists of a flow sytem I, in which are arranged an anaesthetic mask 2, a check valve 3, a pipe stub 4 for feeding fresh anaesthetic gas, a carbon dioxide absorber 5, a branch pipe 6, a rubber bag 7, and another check valve 8.
  • anaesthetic gas will flow in the direction indicated by the arrows, the valve operator periodically compressing the rubber bag 7.
  • branch pipe 6 devices are fitted for controlled suction of the anaesthetic gas from the system, and these devices are made up of a flowmeter provided with a regulating valve and a vacuum producing unit I], for instance a central vacuum plant or a vacuum pump.
  • FIG. 2 shows in detail how the flowmeter, which is of the rotameter type, is constructed. It has at the bottom a regulating valve 9, which may be designed as a needle valve. This valve rests on, in a known manner, an inlet pipe communicated with a metering pipe extending up around the longitudinal axis of the flowmeter. The inside of this pipe communicates with an outer space around the metering pipe, and this outer space communicates with an outlet pipe 60 below the level of the valve 9.
  • the pipe 6a is connected with the vacuum unit 11.
  • the flowmeter is connected at its inlet end with a humidity absorber 12 in the form of a water absorber containing silica gel 13 (for example grams) as an absorption means.
  • the absorber is made of a thermoplastic material and has an open top and a perforated bottom. By means of the rod 14 it is possible to empty the water absorber.
  • the anaesthetic gas coming from the pipe system 1 in FIG. 1 passes through the branch pipe 6 up to the top of the water absorber 12 whereupon it passes down through the silica gel.
  • the gas runs into the flowmeter and passes next upwards through the metering pipe and back along its outer side.
  • the float of the flowmeter will during this passage take up a certain position of equilibrium, it being partly affected by the gas and partly by gravitation. Readings of the flowmeter can then be taken. From the flowmeter the gas flows further on to the vacuum unit.
  • the vacuum unit supplies a constantly low suction, for instance 50 mm Hg.
  • the regulating valve 9 is adjusted, until the flowmeter indicates the value desired.
  • This value shall be of a suitable ratio to the flow of fresh anaesthetic gas, which from the rotameter box I6 is carried forward to the inlet 4 of the system 1.
  • the flowmeter may be combined with the rotameter box 16.
  • the water absorber 12 is placed outside the box as the silica gel must be easily exchanged. Such an exchange is required when a color indicator added to the silica gel shows that it no longer absorbes water. It is possible to replace the gel even if the plant is in operation.
  • the humidity absorber may be provided with a quick clutch so that it is easy to remove and renew.
  • the rubber bag Twill not be completely filled as in the case of the usual system with a respiration valve. This means that the only resistance which the patient is respiring against is the resistance found in the check valves.
  • the above flow system 1 is shown in the form of a circuit. However, there is nothing to prevent the plant from consisting of a gas-conduction conduit to which the anaesthetic mask, and, if any, an absorber, a rubber bag and optionally one or more check valves are also connected with the suction devices.
  • a branch pipe 180 is partly connected to the expiration side of the respirator and partly connected to the suction devices in the form of a flowmeter I and a vacuum means 200.
  • the vacuum means 200 may be located in a room outside the one in which the respirator and the flowmeter are erected, which is indicated by means of the dotted line 205.
  • a reservoir bag 210 is inserted between the res pirator and the flowmeter for provisional storing of the expiration air from the patient, which air pulsating is carried out into the pipe 180.
  • FIG. 4 The embodiment of the anaesthesia plant according to the invention as shown in FIG. 4 consists as in FIG. 1 of a flow system 1 in which there is an anaesthetic mask 2, a check valve 3, an inlet 4 for feeding fresh anaesthetic gas, a carbon dioxide absorber 5, a branch pipe 6, a rubber bag 7 and another check valve 8.
  • anaesthetic gas When the plant is working, the anaesthetic gas will flow in the direction indicated by the arrows, the valve operator periodically compressing the rubber bag 7.
  • suction devices are fitted in the form of a flowmeter l0 and an ejector suction unit 17, the latter being fitted on the outlet end of the flowmeter.
  • the ejector suction unit is fed with driving gas from a suitable driving gas source 18, which is under pressure.
  • This source may for instance consist of a pressure tank, as shown in FIG. 5, but may also consist of a compressed air plant.
  • the driving gas used in the unit 17 is drawn away via a piping 20 carried to the nearest win-
  • FIG. 5 is shown how the ejector suction unit 17 is built together with the flowmeter 10.
  • the flowmeter is held in position between an upper and a lower bar 22 and 23 in a rectangular frame, and it consists as in FIG.
  • a humidity absorber 12 inserted which for instance may contain the silica gel.
  • This absorber is connected by means of a pipe 26 to the space between the jacket pipe 10a and the metering pipe 10b of the flowmeter.
  • the stub 27 of the absorber is connected with the branch pipe 6 shown in FIG. 4.
  • a regulating valve 9 is inserted, whereby the flow of the anaesthetic gas through the metering pipe may be easily regulated or shut off.
  • FIGS. 46 functions in the following way: When the plant is in operation, anaesthetic gas is fed to the pipe system 1 via the inlet 4 connected to the rotameter box. At the same time gas is being sucked out through the branch pipe 6, in a manner such that the variations of the anaesthetic gas pressure in the system 1 will be very small, probably less than one-half cm in a water column.
  • the suction evacuation is brought about by means of an ejector suction unit 17, having driving gas passed therethrough as shown by the arrows A' in FIG. 5.
  • the driving gas which may have a pressure approaching up to 6 atmospheres, is converted by the jet body 20 into a thin gas stream impinging upon the opening at the lower end 21' of the jet body 21 as this gas stream travels forward,
  • the exhaust volume flow can be regulated either by the valve 9 or by reducing the pressure of the driving gas at the pipe stub 24.
  • driving gas many different gases can be used, such as for instance compressed air, nitrogen or oxygen.
  • the jet bodies 20 and 21 may have a larger or smaller vertex angle than the one shown. Also the distance between the bodies may be made shorter than shown.
  • Apparatus for the administration of anaesthetics comprising a closed system including a mask, inlet means, carbon dioxide absorption means, rubber bag, at least one check valve, inlet means, a branched pipe, a flowmeter, a regulating valve and a vacuum means,
  • said inlet means provided for the introduction of anaesthetic gas from a rotameter metering means into said system and communicated to said carbon dioxide absorption means;
  • said carbon dioxide absorption means for the absorption of carbon dioxide of the expiratory air and communicated to said branched pipe;
  • said branched pipe communicated to said rubber bag and said vacuum means for controlled suction and substantially continuous, uninterrupted exhaust of at least a portion of said anaesthetic gas from said system;
  • said vacuum means comprising a T-shapcd ejector suction unit including an inlet and outlet means, a source of pressurized gas and an exhaust means communicated to said branched pipe of said system, said inlet and outlet means disposed from each other and containing therebetween a first and second truncated cone jet bodies spaced apart from each other, their narrow ends facing each other, said first cone contained in said inlet means and positioned such that the narrow end thereof extends over said exhaust means, said second cone contained in said outlet means, the distance between the narrow ends of said first and second cones being about equal to the inside diameter of said exhaust means, and said outlet means communicated from the operating room to a venting channel, wherein the pressurized gas passes between said first and second cones thereby creating suction and removing the anaesthetic gas from said exhaust means;
  • said flowmeter and regulating valve communicated to said branched pipe and communicated and attached to said exhaust means of said vacuum means, the downstream portion of said flowmeter defining saicl exhaust means;
  • said rubber bag for controlled administration of the anaesthetic gas to and communicated with said mask
  • said check valve provided for one-way flow between and communicated with said rubber bag and said mask; said mask for administration of the anaesthetic gas to the patient and communicated to said inlet means;

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
US00197001A 1970-11-12 1971-11-09 Plant, preferably for anaesthesia Expired - Lifetime US3785377A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK575370A DK124515B (da) 1970-11-12 1970-11-12 Anæstesianlæg.
DK503871A DK127229B (da) 1971-10-15 1971-10-15 Anæstesianlæg.

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DE (1) DE2156365A1 (sv)
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SE (1) SE389271B (sv)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3971644A (en) * 1974-08-28 1976-07-27 Wal-Gen Corporation Mixing and detoxification tank with filtration system
US4109651A (en) * 1975-11-19 1978-08-29 Steigerwald Allan M Anesthetic gas exhaust system
US4232683A (en) * 1978-07-17 1980-11-11 Hudson Oxygen Therapy Sales Company Therapeutic incentive spirometer
US4987894A (en) * 1989-04-06 1991-01-29 Kight John D Anesthetic evacuation regulator
US5396882A (en) * 1992-03-11 1995-03-14 The General Hospital Corporation Generation of nitric oxide from air for medical uses
US5485827A (en) * 1990-12-05 1996-01-23 The General Hospital Corporation Methods and devices for treating plumonary vasoconstriction and asthma
US5536241A (en) * 1990-12-05 1996-07-16 The General Hospital Corporation Methods and devices for relaxing smooth muscle contractions
US5570683A (en) * 1990-12-05 1996-11-05 The General Hospital Corporation Methods and devices for treating pulmonary vasoconstriction and asthma
US5823180A (en) * 1995-04-03 1998-10-20 The General Hospital Corporation Methods for treating pulmonary vasoconstriction and asthma
US5904938A (en) * 1995-02-16 1999-05-18 The General Hospital Corporation Treatment of vascular thrombosis and restenosis with inhaled nitric oxide
US6279576B1 (en) * 1996-11-18 2001-08-28 Louis Gibeck, Ab Purification system
US6474335B1 (en) * 1997-12-04 2002-11-05 Medisize B.V. Artificial respiration system
US20100071694A1 (en) * 2008-09-25 2010-03-25 Ahearn David J Nitrous Oxide Anesthetic Administration System
US20100236551A1 (en) * 2007-03-16 2010-09-23 Dolphys Technologies B.V. Gas flow reversing element
US20110094508A1 (en) * 2008-09-25 2011-04-28 Edward Carey Nitrous Oxide Anesthetic Administration System
US9408995B2 (en) 2008-09-25 2016-08-09 David J. Ahearn Nitrous oxide anesthetic administration system

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1698314A (en) * 1923-11-09 1929-01-08 Bailey Meter Co Flow meter
US2077024A (en) * 1934-09-12 1937-04-13 Tanner James Harmon Suction device
US2310265A (en) * 1939-09-18 1943-02-09 Robert P Sweeny Pneumatic conveying apparatus
US2465035A (en) * 1945-07-16 1949-03-22 Sheffield Corp Gauging device
US3326041A (en) * 1965-04-14 1967-06-20 Zink Co John Apparatus for developing differential pressures in a conduit line
US3575196A (en) * 1969-01-10 1971-04-20 Rocco Anthony Marrese Closed exhaust discharge system for anesthesia machines
US3592191A (en) * 1969-01-17 1971-07-13 Richard R Jackson Recovery of anesthetic agents

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1698314A (en) * 1923-11-09 1929-01-08 Bailey Meter Co Flow meter
US2077024A (en) * 1934-09-12 1937-04-13 Tanner James Harmon Suction device
US2310265A (en) * 1939-09-18 1943-02-09 Robert P Sweeny Pneumatic conveying apparatus
US2465035A (en) * 1945-07-16 1949-03-22 Sheffield Corp Gauging device
US3326041A (en) * 1965-04-14 1967-06-20 Zink Co John Apparatus for developing differential pressures in a conduit line
US3575196A (en) * 1969-01-10 1971-04-20 Rocco Anthony Marrese Closed exhaust discharge system for anesthesia machines
US3592191A (en) * 1969-01-17 1971-07-13 Richard R Jackson Recovery of anesthetic agents

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3971644A (en) * 1974-08-28 1976-07-27 Wal-Gen Corporation Mixing and detoxification tank with filtration system
US4109651A (en) * 1975-11-19 1978-08-29 Steigerwald Allan M Anesthetic gas exhaust system
US4232683A (en) * 1978-07-17 1980-11-11 Hudson Oxygen Therapy Sales Company Therapeutic incentive spirometer
US4987894A (en) * 1989-04-06 1991-01-29 Kight John D Anesthetic evacuation regulator
US5873359A (en) * 1990-12-05 1999-02-23 The General Hospital Corporation Methods and devices for treating pulmonary vasoconstriction and asthma
US5485827A (en) * 1990-12-05 1996-01-23 The General Hospital Corporation Methods and devices for treating plumonary vasoconstriction and asthma
US5536241A (en) * 1990-12-05 1996-07-16 The General Hospital Corporation Methods and devices for relaxing smooth muscle contractions
US5570683A (en) * 1990-12-05 1996-11-05 The General Hospital Corporation Methods and devices for treating pulmonary vasoconstriction and asthma
US5396882A (en) * 1992-03-11 1995-03-14 The General Hospital Corporation Generation of nitric oxide from air for medical uses
US5904938A (en) * 1995-02-16 1999-05-18 The General Hospital Corporation Treatment of vascular thrombosis and restenosis with inhaled nitric oxide
US6063407A (en) * 1995-02-16 2000-05-16 The General Hospital Corporation Treatment of vascular thrombosis and restenosis with inhaled nitric oxide
US5823180A (en) * 1995-04-03 1998-10-20 The General Hospital Corporation Methods for treating pulmonary vasoconstriction and asthma
US6279576B1 (en) * 1996-11-18 2001-08-28 Louis Gibeck, Ab Purification system
US6474335B1 (en) * 1997-12-04 2002-11-05 Medisize B.V. Artificial respiration system
US8950400B2 (en) * 2007-03-16 2015-02-10 Dolphys Technologies B.V. Gas flow reversing element
US10543335B2 (en) 2007-03-16 2020-01-28 Ventinova Technologies B.V. Gas flow reversing element
US20100236551A1 (en) * 2007-03-16 2010-09-23 Dolphys Technologies B.V. Gas flow reversing element
US20110094508A1 (en) * 2008-09-25 2011-04-28 Edward Carey Nitrous Oxide Anesthetic Administration System
US8371297B2 (en) 2008-09-25 2013-02-12 David J. Ahearn Nitrous oxide anesthetic administration system
US8794233B2 (en) 2008-09-25 2014-08-05 David J. Ahearn Nitrous oxide anesthetic administration system
US8360058B2 (en) 2008-09-25 2013-01-29 Ahearn David J Nitrous oxide anesthetic administration system
US9408995B2 (en) 2008-09-25 2016-08-09 David J. Ahearn Nitrous oxide anesthetic administration system
US20100071694A1 (en) * 2008-09-25 2010-03-25 Ahearn David J Nitrous Oxide Anesthetic Administration System

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Publication number Publication date
DE2156365A1 (de) 1972-05-18
GB1368124A (en) 1974-09-25
SE389271B (sv) 1976-11-01

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