US3782347A - Method and apparatus to reduce noxious components in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Method and apparatus to reduce noxious components in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3782347A
US3782347A US00259254A US3782347DA US3782347A US 3782347 A US3782347 A US 3782347A US 00259254 A US00259254 A US 00259254A US 3782347D A US3782347D A US 3782347DA US 3782347 A US3782347 A US 3782347A
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Prior art keywords
integrating
signal
internal combustion
controller
timing
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US00259254A
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English (en)
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P Schmidt
H Kizler
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1477—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the regulation circuit or part of it,(e.g. comparator, PI regulator, output)
    • F02D41/1482—Integrator, i.e. variable slope
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1473—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the regulation method
    • F02D41/1474—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the regulation method by detecting the commutation time of the sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2700/00—Mechanical control of speed or power of a single cylinder piston engine
    • F02D2700/02—Controlling by changing the air or fuel supply
    • F02D2700/0217—Controlling by changing the air or fuel supply for mixture compressing engines using liquid fuel
    • F02D2700/0225—Control of air or mixture supply
    • F02D2700/0228—Engines without compressor
    • F02D2700/023—Engines without compressor by means of one throttle device
    • F02D2700/0241—Engines without compressor by means of one throttle device depending on another parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2700/00—Mechanical control of speed or power of a single cylinder piston engine
    • F02D2700/09—Other ways of controlling

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT The composition of exhaust gases from internal combustion engine is sensed, particularly the oxygen component thereof, and a sensed signal is derived, which is applied to a threshold detector, which triggers whenever the sensed signal passes a certain threshold value.
  • the trigger signal controls and integrating controller to commence integrating, the integrating controller providing an output signal which is applied to set the air-fuel ratio such that the air number lambda is constantly controlled to be about 1. If integration by the integrating controller persists for a period of time in excess of a predetermined lapsed time, as determined by a pulse source controlled by speed of the engine, the integrating rate of the integrating controller is changed to provide for more rapid response when large changes have to be compensated.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and to a method to reduce noxious components in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines and more particularly to control the ratio of the mass of the air-fuel mixture applied to the internal combustion engine, that is, to control the air number lambda (A), by sensing the components of the exhaust gases and then controlling an integrating controller from the sensed signal.
  • This air number A is a measure of the composition of the air-fuel mixture.
  • the number A is proportional to the mass of air and fuel, and the value of this number A is one (A 1.0) if' a stoichiometric mixture is present.
  • the mixture Under stoichiometric conditions, the mixture has such a composition that, in view of the chemical reactions, all hydrocarbons in the fuel can theoretically combine with the oxygen in the air to provide complete combustion to carbon dioxide and water. In actual practice, even with a stoichiometric mixture, unburned non-combusted hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide are contained in the exhaust gases.
  • the output signal from the sensing element is applied to a threshold detector.
  • a trigger signal is provided, the trigger signal being applied to an integrating controller to change the integrating direction of the control amplifier connected to control the fuel or air being applied to the engine and thus to change the composition of the fuel-air mixture.
  • the apparatus in accordance with the present invention is simple and inexpensive, and is reliable under the rough and varied operating conditions to which it can be subjected in motor vehicle use.
  • the various electronic components of the control apparatus respond rapidly and with low dead intervals, and with low inertia, while still remaining stable.
  • FIG. 1 is a timing diagram illustrating sensed signal voltage over a time 1 (line a) and the corresponding output (line b) of an integrating controller;
  • FIG. 2 is a general block diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
  • P10. 3 is a general block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a more detailed schematic diagram of apparatus in accordance with P16. 2 to control A.
  • Curve a in FIG. 1 shows the sensed signal voltage from a sensor, such as an oxygen sensor 13 (HO. 2) exposed to the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine.
  • a sensor such as an oxygen sensor 13 (HO. 2) exposed to the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine.
  • Curve 0 clearly illustrates that upon change of the air number A about the value A 1, the output signal of the sensor 13 rapidly changes between limiting values. If the air number A changes by a relatively large amount, which may, for example, occur during acceleration of the internal combustion engine, then the output signal of the sensor will remain at one of its limits for a comparatively long period of time.
  • the resulting control voltage for example the voltage derived from a control amplifier, is illustrated by curve b, in which the output voltage of a controller with integrating characteristic is shown.
  • curve b the output voltage of a controller with integrating characteristic is shown.
  • the integration direction of the integrating controller changes. This causes the air number A to be always controlled in the direction of A 1. If, for example, the sensor voltage remains for a longer period of time at one limited value, as indicated by section 11,, then it would take a comparatively long period of time until the air number A is controlled back to have the value of A 1.
  • the output signal of the controller is indicated by the section a of line b.
  • the integrating rate of the inte grating controller is changed. If, for example, the sensor has remained at one limited value for the time duration t then the integrating rate is changed to that illustrated in the broken curve b. This causes a greater change in the controlling effect, so that the sensor will more rapidly sense a change at air number A 1, namely at t,. Thus, the sensor voltage will reach already at the time period t a change to the other limiting.
  • the relative proportion of air and fuel applied to an internal combustion engine can be made much faster, so that the air number A is likewise controlled to have a value A 1 at a faster rate.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an apparatus to carry out the present invention.
  • Sensor 13 exposed to exhaust gases and sensing, for example, oxygen therein, is connected to an amplifier 12 which is in turn connected to a threshold detector or threshold switch 11.
  • Threshold switch 1 1 has its output connected to an integrating controller-amplifier 10.
  • the output of threshold detector 11 is additionally connected to a timing circuit 14, the out put from which is connected to the integrating controller 10 in order to adjust or set the integrating rate thereof.
  • the internal combustion engine is only shown schematically at E, and the output shaft thereof is connected to a pulse generator 17 which provides pulses to an integrator 15, in turn connected to a threshold detector 16, elements 15 and 16 forming part of the timing circuit 14.
  • Pulse generator 17 provides pulses of constant pulse duration but of a pulse repetition rate depending on engine speed.
  • the output from the integrating controller is available at an output control bus 10.
  • Theexhaust gas sensor 13 provides an output signal, depending on the composition of the exhaust gases, which varies between well defined limits, as explained in detail in the cross referenced applications and more particularly in U.S. Ser. No. 259,157, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the output signal is applied to amplifier l2 and then to threshold switch 1 1.
  • threshold switch 11 Each time when the output signal from sensor 13 passes the threshold of the threshold switch, threshold switch 11 will provide an output trigger signal to change the direction of integration of the integrating controller 10.
  • the characteristics of the integrating controller 10 are schematically illustrated within the block 10 of FIG. 2 in full line. Simultaneously with each change of the integration direction, integrator is re-set to zero.
  • integrator 15 can merely be a capacitor which is discharged, to re-charge again with pulses derived from pulse generator 17. After re-set, integrator 15 integrates the pulses, of constant pulse duration, derived from pulse generator 17. This integration continues to the next trigger signal from threshold switch 11. Upon such a trigger signal, integrator 15 again is re-set to zero to commence integration over again, that is, the capacitor therein is discharged.
  • threshold switch 16 If the trigger signal from threshold switch 11 is not received within a reasonable time, that is, if the sensor 13 remains for a predetermined period of time at one limiting position as indicated, for example, by time period t, in FIG. 1, then the output signal of integrator 15 will reach a limit or threshold value of the second threshold switch 16.
  • threshold switch 16 When threshold switch 16 is triggered, it provides a control signal, for example in form of a pulse to integrating controller 10 to change the time constant of the integrating controller 10 to a much faster integration rate as indicated in the broken line within block 10.
  • the changed integration rate provides faster action of the controller, in accordance with broken line b (FIG. 1), and, due to the faster integration rate, the relationship of the masses of fuel and air of the fuel-air mixture can be regulated to a value of A l, or approximately 1, more rapidly.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates anotherembodiment of the system of the present invention to control the air number A. Similar elements have been given the same reference numerals and will not be described again.
  • sensor 13 applies its output signal over amplifier 12 to threshold switch 11 which triggers integrating controller 10.
  • the timing circuit 18, in this embodimenqin includes a pulse generator 17 which is connected to a counter 19, having parallel outputs connected to a decode and trigger circuit 20.
  • the threshold switch 11 is connected to counter 19; the output of decode and trigger circuit 20 is connected to the integrating controller 10 to change its integrating rate, when a trigger signal is derived from circuit 20.
  • the output from integrating controller 10, over line 10' is applied to an air-fuel mixture controller C which controls the relative proportion of air and fuel over lines A, F, being applied to internal combustion engine E.
  • the details of the control are set forth in the cross referenced applications.
  • the engine itself is connected to the pulse generator 17 so that the pulses from pulse generator 17 will have a pulse repetition rate representative of engine speed.
  • FIG. 4 is a detailed block diagram of the circuit of the present invention to control the air number A.
  • Amplifier 12, connected to sensor 13, includes an operational amplifier 21.
  • Resistor 23 is connected between the output of operational amplifier 21 and the inverting input 22 thereof; the sensor 13 is connected over a coupling resistor 24 to the inverting input.
  • the sensor 13 provides an output voltage characteristic of the composition of the air-fuel mixture, as sensed by analysis of the exhaust gases by sensor 13.
  • the second input 25 of operational amplifier 21 is connected over a resistance 26 to the tap point of a voltage divider formed of resistors 27, 28 and connected between a common positive bus 29 and a common negative or chassis bus 30.
  • the output of operational amplifier 21 has an output resistor 31, connected to positive bus 29 with its other terminal.
  • the output is further coupled by means of coupling resistor 32 to the inverting input of an operational amplifier 33 which is part of the threshold switch 11.
  • the second input of operational amplifier 33 is connected over coupling resistor 34 to a voltage divider formed of resistors 35, 36, connected between the positive and negative buses 29, 30.
  • the output of operational amplifier 33 is connected over load resistor 37 to the positive bus 29 and, further, over coupling resistor 38 to the inverting input of operational amplifier 39 forming part of the integrating controller 10.
  • the output of operational amplifier 39 is connected to the inverting input by means of a capacitor 40, which provides for the integrating characteristics of control amplifier 10.
  • the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier is con nected by coupling resistor 41 to the tap point of a voltage divider formed of resistors 42, 43, connected between the supply buses 29, 30.
  • the output of operational amplifier 39 is coupled to positive bus 29 by resistor 44, and is further connected to output terminal 10, for connection to a controller to control the mass relationship of the air-fuel mixture for the internal combustion engine.
  • the input resistor 38 to operational amplifier 39 has a parallel, shunt connection formed of the emittercollector path of a transistor 45 and a resistor 46.
  • the control electrode of the resistor 45 which is a npn switching transistor, is connected over a coupling resistor 47 with the output electrode of a switching transistor 48, forming part of the timing circuit 14 (FIG. 2).
  • Switching transistor 48 is connected to positive bus 29 over a coupling resistor 49, and has its emitter connected to common negative or chassis bus 30.
  • Transistor 48 is controlled over its base, by being connected to the end point of a voltage divider formed of resistors 50, 51, the tap point of which is formed by the output of an operational amplifier 52 forming part of the second threshold switch 16.
  • the inverting input of operational amplifier 52 is connected over a coupling resistor 53 to a capacitor 54.
  • the positive input of the operational amplifier 52 is connected to the tap point of a voltage divider formed of resistors 56, 57 which are connected across the positive and negative buses 29, 30.
  • Capacitor 54 has a controllable variable resistor 58 in parallel thereto, and is connected over diode 59 and a resistor 60 to the output electrode of a switching transistor 61, which is further coupled to the positive bus 29 over a collector resistor 62.
  • the emitter of transistor 61 is connected to negative bus 30; the control electrode, i.e. the base of transistor 61 is connected to a control circuit formed of resistor 63 connected to negative bus 30, a diode 64 and resistor 66, connecting to the positive bus 29. At the junction between the diode 64 and resistor 66, a coupling condenser 65 connects to a terminal which, in turn, is connected to pulse generator 17, not shown in FIG. 4.
  • Capacitor 54 is connected parallel to the switching circuit of transistor 67, that is, in the emitter-collector path, which also includes a resistor 68.
  • the base of transistor 67 is connected over a resistor 81 to the output electrode of a switching transistor 69, the collector of which is further connected over collector resistor 70 to positive bus 29.
  • the emitter of transistor 69 is connected to the common chassis bus 30.
  • Control electrode of switching transistor 69 is connected over resistor 71 to common positive bus 29 andfurther to two diodes 72, 73.
  • Diode 73 connects to the junction point of a resistor 80 connected to common negative bus 30, and a capacitor 74 which is connected to the output of operational amplifier 33 of the first threshold switch 11.
  • Diode 72 is connected to the junction point of a resistor 75, likewise connected to the common chassis bus 30, and a capacitor 76, which is connected to the collector of a transistor 77, the emitter-collector path of which is connected in series with a resistor 78 between positive and negative buses 29, 30.
  • the control electrode of transistor 77 is connected over a resistor 79 to the output of operational amplifier 33.
  • the output signal of sensor 13 is amplified by amplifier l2 and applied to threshold detector 11.
  • the integrating direction of integrating amplifier controller is changed in dependence on the output signal of operational amplifier 33 of threshold switch 11, by changing of the voltage applied to operational amplifier 39 over resistor 38.
  • the time constant of the integrating pro cess of the operational amplifier 39 is determined by the value of the input resistance, in the present case the value of resistor 38. If the time constant is to be changed, then resistor 46 is placed in parallel to resistor 38 by rendering transistor 45 conductive.
  • the conduction state of switching transistor 45 is controlled by the second threshold detector switch 16. This control depends on the charge state of capacitor 54.
  • Capacitor 54 is charged over resistors 62, 60 and diode 59 when transistor 61 is blocked. The charge is interrupted when transistor 61 becomes conductive. Conduction of transistor 61 is controlled by pulses applied to the base of transistor 61 from the pulse source 17 over capacitor 65 and diode 64. These pulses have constant pulse duration, the pulse repetition rate, however, being proportional to engine speed. The output electrode of transistor 61 will have a negative voltage when transistor 61 becomes conductive, thus interrupting charging of capacitor 54. Resistor 58 connected in parallel to capacitor 54 discharges the capacitor 54 during the interval between pulses, the discharge current being determined by the resistance value of resistor 58.
  • capacitor 54 Since the pulse interval between pulses is greater at low speed than at high speed, capacitor 54 is discharged to a greater extent at low engine speed. At low speed, therefore, more charge pulses are ncessary to charge capacitor 54 to a predetermined level than at high speed. Thus, compensation of the speed-dependent processes in the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine is obtained automatically.
  • the capacitor 54 After a certain predetermined period of time, that is, after a certain number of charge pulses, in view of the discharge rate through resistor 58, the capacitor 54 will have a given charge thereon which corresponds to the switching limit of the second threshold switch 16. As soon as the threshold of operational amplifier 52 is reached, the amplifier 52 will provide a negative output signal which blocks the normally conductive transistor 48. When transistor 48 blocks, the base of transistor has a positive voltage applied thereto, controlling transistor 45 to conduct, and effectively placing resistor 46 in parallel to resistor 38, and thus changing the integration rate of operational amplifier 39.
  • threshold switch 16 will respond and the time constant of the integrating control amplifier 10 is changed. As above described, the time which the controller requires to change the relative proportion of air and fuel to control the air number A to a value of )t approximately 1, is substantially reduced.
  • time measuring step comprises setting a time element at a datum level
  • Apparatus to reduce noxious components in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines comprising means (13) sensing the composition of the exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine and deriving an exhaust composition representative sensed signal;
  • a first threshold detector (11) responding to said sensed signal and providing an output trigger signal when the sensed signal changes between levels above and below a predetermined threshold level
  • an integrating controller connected to control the relative proportion of air and fuel being applied to the internal combustion engine, the threshold detector having its output trigger signal connected to the integrating controller to change the direction of integration of the integrating controller, timing element (14, 18) triggered by the output trigger signal from the threshold detector and providing a timing output signal indicative of a predetermined time lapse, said timing signal being connected to the integrating controller to change the control characteristics of said controller after said predetermined time has elapsed;
  • said integrating controller providing an integrated output signal for control of said relative proportion of air and fuel in the mixture which is applied to the internal combustion engine.
  • timing circuit (14) comprises a pulse source (17) providing cyclically recurring output pulses
  • a second integrator (15) connected to integrate the timing pulses
  • a second threshold detector (16) supplying a trigger signal and forming said timing output signal when the second integrator has reached a predeter mined level.
  • timing circuit (18) comprises a pulse source (17) providing cyclically recurring output pulses and a pulse counter means (19, 20) counting the pulses to a predetermined count and delivering said timing output signal at said predetermined count of the counter.
  • the integrating controller (10) comprises an operational amplifier (39) having a controllable input impedance (38, 46, 45), the value of the input impedance determining the integration rate.
  • the input impedance of the operational amplifier (39) of the integrating controller comprises resistance means (38, 46) having two resistance values;
  • controllable switching means selectively placing the resistance means of one or the other value in circuit with the operational amplifier, the switching state of said controllable switching means being controlled by said timing signal.
  • the threshold detector (16) comprises an operational amplifier (52);
  • a semiconductor switching element (61) controlling the charging of said capacitor (54) and a second semiconductor switching element (67) controlling the discharge of said capacitor (54), the state of said second semiconductor switching element being controlled by the output signal of said first threshold detector (1 1).
  • Apparatus according to claim 11 further comprising a current drain circuit (58) connected in parallel to said capacitor to permit flow of a controlled discharge leakage current.
  • Apparatus according to claim 3 further comprising a timing circuit connected to said integrating controller and sensing elapsed integrating time of said integrating controller;
  • timing circuit providing a control signal to said integrating controller after a predetermined integrating interval has elapsed to change the integration rate of the controller to a higher integration rate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Control Of The Air-Fuel Ratio Of Carburetors (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
US00259254A 1972-02-10 1972-06-02 Method and apparatus to reduce noxious components in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines Expired - Lifetime US3782347A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2206276A DE2206276C3 (de) 1972-02-10 1972-02-10 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verminderung von schädlichen Anteilen der Abgasemission von Brennkraftmaschinen

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US3782347A true US3782347A (en) 1974-01-01

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US00259254A Expired - Lifetime US3782347A (en) 1972-02-10 1972-06-02 Method and apparatus to reduce noxious components in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines

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US (1) US3782347A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS554942B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH544218A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2206276C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2171413B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1395276A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT990519B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE378282B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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US4103695A (en) * 1974-11-06 1978-08-01 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Method of and device for controlling solenoid operated flow control means
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US4145999A (en) * 1976-03-22 1979-03-27 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic feedback control system for fuel injection in internal combustion engines of fuel injection type
FR2402075A1 (fr) * 1977-08-31 1979-03-30 Engelhard Min & Chem Appareil de commande a detecteur d'oxygene
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US4187806A (en) * 1976-05-22 1980-02-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel-air mixture control apparatus
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US4197822A (en) * 1977-02-14 1980-04-15 Colt Industries Operating Corp. Circuit means and apparatus for controlling the air-fuel ratio supplied to a combustion engine
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US4029061A (en) * 1974-10-21 1977-06-14 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Apparatus for controlling the air-fuel mixture ratio of internal combustion engine
US4379441A (en) * 1974-10-25 1983-04-12 Nissan Motor Company, Limited System for controlling the air-fuel ratio in a combustion engine
US4103654A (en) * 1974-11-01 1978-08-01 Nissan Motor Company, Ltd. Method and apparatus to control air/fuel ratio of the mixture applied to an internal combustion engine
US4103695A (en) * 1974-11-06 1978-08-01 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Method of and device for controlling solenoid operated flow control means
US3939654A (en) * 1975-02-11 1976-02-24 General Motors Corporation Engine with dual sensor closed loop fuel control
US4300507A (en) * 1975-02-25 1981-11-17 The Bendix Corporation System controlling any air/fuel ratio with stoichiometric sensor and asymmetrical integration
US3998189A (en) * 1975-05-28 1976-12-21 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Feedback air-fuel ratio regulator
US4178884A (en) * 1975-06-05 1979-12-18 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Method and system to control the mixture air-to-fuel ratio
US4111162A (en) * 1975-06-10 1978-09-05 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Method and system for controlling the mixture air-to-fuel ratio
US4089311A (en) * 1975-07-08 1978-05-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel supply system for internal combustion engines
US4210106A (en) * 1975-10-13 1980-07-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and apparatus for regulating a combustible mixture
US4163433A (en) * 1975-12-27 1979-08-07 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Air/fuel ratio control system for internal combustion engine having compensation means for variation in output characteristic of exhaust sensor
US4402291A (en) * 1975-12-27 1983-09-06 Nissan Motor Company, Ltd. Emission control apparatus for internal combustion engines using an amplitude modulated signal
US4024706A (en) * 1976-01-07 1977-05-24 Ford Motor Company Method of improving the operational capacity of three-way catalysts
DE2700264A1 (de) * 1976-01-07 1977-08-25 Ford Werke Ag Verfahren zur verbesserung der betriebskapazitaet von auf drei arten wirksamen katalysatoren
FR2340456A2 (fr) * 1976-02-04 1977-09-02 Bosch Gmbh Robert Installation pour la reduction des composants nocifs dans les gaz d'echappement de moteurs a combustion interne
US4145999A (en) * 1976-03-22 1979-03-27 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic feedback control system for fuel injection in internal combustion engines of fuel injection type
US4077364A (en) * 1976-04-30 1978-03-07 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic control fuel supply system
US4187806A (en) * 1976-05-22 1980-02-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel-air mixture control apparatus
US4156412A (en) * 1976-06-11 1979-05-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Apparatus for preventing control oscillations in a combustion mixture generator
US4140086A (en) * 1976-08-25 1979-02-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Apparatus for adjusting the combustible mixture of an internal combustion engine
US4216653A (en) * 1977-01-28 1980-08-12 Nippon Soken, Inc. Exhaust gas purifying system for internal combustion engines
US4197822A (en) * 1977-02-14 1980-04-15 Colt Industries Operating Corp. Circuit means and apparatus for controlling the air-fuel ratio supplied to a combustion engine
US4194471A (en) * 1977-03-03 1980-03-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Internal combustion engine exhaust gas monitoring system
US4169439A (en) * 1977-03-21 1979-10-02 Colt Industries Operating Corp. Circuit means and apparatus for controlling the air-fuel ratio supplied to a combustion engine
US4231334A (en) * 1977-03-30 1980-11-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and apparatus for determining the proportions of the constituents of the air-fuel mixture supplied to an internal combustion engine
US4150645A (en) * 1977-08-19 1979-04-24 Colt Industries Operating Corp. Circuit means and apparatus for controlling the air-fuel ratio supplied to a combustion engine
FR2402075A1 (fr) * 1977-08-31 1979-03-30 Engelhard Min & Chem Appareil de commande a detecteur d'oxygene
US4167924A (en) * 1977-10-03 1979-09-18 General Motors Corporation Closed loop fuel control system having variable control authority
US4241710A (en) * 1978-06-22 1980-12-30 The Bendix Corporation Closed loop system
US4251990A (en) * 1978-09-05 1981-02-24 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Air-fuel ratio control system
US4251989A (en) * 1978-09-08 1981-02-24 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Air-fuel ratio control system
US4375797A (en) * 1980-08-05 1983-03-08 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Air/fuel ratio feedback control system for internal combustion engines
US4449502A (en) * 1980-09-12 1984-05-22 Hitachi, Ltd. Control system for internal combustion engine
US4413471A (en) * 1980-12-03 1983-11-08 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Air-fuel ratio control apparatus of an internal combustion engine
US4526001A (en) * 1981-02-13 1985-07-02 Engelhard Corporation Method and means for controlling air-to-fuel ratio
US4397278A (en) * 1981-04-03 1983-08-09 Ford Motor Company Air fuel ratio control using time-averaged error signal
US4501242A (en) * 1982-04-01 1985-02-26 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Air-fuel ratio control apparatus
US4616614A (en) * 1982-12-03 1986-10-14 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha System for regulating the idle speed of an internal combustion engine
US4582034A (en) * 1983-04-19 1986-04-15 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Ignition timing control device for internal combustion engines
US4603670A (en) * 1983-07-28 1986-08-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method of and device for lambda-regulation of fuel mixture for an internal combustion engine
US4558677A (en) * 1983-08-11 1985-12-17 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Air-fuel ratio control system
US5503134A (en) * 1993-10-04 1996-04-02 Ford Motor Company Fuel controller with air/fuel transient compensation
US5390490A (en) * 1993-11-04 1995-02-21 Ford Motor Company Method and apparatus for measuring the efficacy of a catalytic converter
US6196205B1 (en) 1999-07-12 2001-03-06 Dana Corporation Fuel control system for gas-operated engines
CN112255911A (zh) * 2020-10-19 2021-01-22 厦门五福印务有限公司 一种pid控制模块及印刷废气排放控制系统

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DE2206276A1 (de) 1973-08-16
IT990519B (it) 1975-07-10
DE2206276C3 (de) 1981-01-15
CH544218A (de) 1973-11-15
DE2206276B2 (de) 1980-05-22
SE378282B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-08-25
GB1395276A (en) 1975-05-21
JPS4891425A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-11-28
FR2171413B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-03-03
JPS554942B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1980-02-01
FR2171413A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-09-21

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