US3779536A - Buffer or fender - Google Patents

Buffer or fender Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3779536A
US3779536A US00222079A US3779536DA US3779536A US 3779536 A US3779536 A US 3779536A US 00222079 A US00222079 A US 00222079A US 3779536D A US3779536D A US 3779536DA US 3779536 A US3779536 A US 3779536A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
legs
buffer
additional
fender
buffer according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00222079A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
H Lachmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Clouth Gummiwerke AG
Original Assignee
Clouth Gummiwerke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Clouth Gummiwerke AG filed Critical Clouth Gummiwerke AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3779536A publication Critical patent/US3779536A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/20—Equipment for shipping on coasts, in harbours or on other fixed marine structures, e.g. bollards
    • E02B3/26—Fenders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/371—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by inserts or auxiliary extension or exterior elements, e.g. for rigidification
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/30—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation in transportation, e.g. on roads, waterways or railways

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a buffer or fender made of elastomeric material, which comprises a hollow body having parts preferably extending transversely and parallel to the direction of the main force or slightly inclined thereto.
  • the purpose of such buffer or fender consists in permitting the impacting of large moved masses on walls, posts, or the like, for example with the docking of ships at quay sides, without damaging the surfaces of the moved masses and the walls, and to realize this by means of as large as possible a spring deflection and the highest possible energy absorption.
  • buffers or fenders are mostly so designed that at certain places, in addition to the compression of the elastomer, also its bending or buckling ability istaken advantage of in an effort to obtain the flattest possible extended spring characteristics.
  • buffers or fenders mostly represent hollow bodies in which some parts extend preferably parallel and other parts extend preferably transverselyto the main direction of the forces.
  • Buffers or fenders which, when viewed in cross section, have legs parallel or slightly inclined to the direction of force.
  • the free buckling length of these legs is limited by non-extensible or hardly extensible cross-stays connecting them' together at suitable distances to a'degree which permits the buckling process to occur with still sufficient force absorption.
  • a closed I-I-cross-sectional buffer or fender is obtained.
  • the energy absorbing buckling process is limited exclusively to the legsextending parallel or slightly inclined to the direction of force.
  • the use of elastomeric materials inthe cross-stays is, therefore, meaningless for the energy absorbing effect in such constructions of buffers or fenders.
  • the cross-stays are formed, e. g., by iron plates only, which are merely enveloped by elastomers, and only the legs are intended to take up the spring work. There fore, they must be very thick.
  • the'upper and lower cross-stays are for example firmly screwed to abutting further fenders or abutting fixed walls, so that the same limited effect is present.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a known fender in unloaded condition.
  • FIG. 1a shows the fender of FIG. 1 in loaded condition.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section through another known fender in unloaded condition.
  • FIG. 2a shows the fender of FIG. 2 in loaded condition.
  • FIG. 3 shows characteristics resulting when loading one of the fenders shown in FIGS. 1 or 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further characteristic obtained when loading a fender according to FIGs. 1 or 2.
  • FIGS represents a cross section through a fender according to the invention in unloaded condition.
  • FIG. 5a shows the fender according to FIG. 5 in loaded condition.
  • FIG. 6 shows a characteristic obtained when loading the fender shown in FIG. 5 and also shows a further characteristic of the fender according to the invention.
  • the buffer or fender according to the present invention which comprises a hollow body with parts extending preferably transversely and parallel or slightly inclined to the direction of the main force is characterized primarily in that at least one of the parts which extend preferably transverse to the direction'of the main .force is flexible and as to its bending resistance is by means of elastic reinforcing inserts so'dimensioned' that, when applying the same scale, it is about half as flexible as the parts extending preferably parallel or slightly inclined to the direction of the main force.
  • the parts extending preferably parallel or slightly inclined to the main force direction are locally reduced in thickness at more than one place, so that the bulging of the legs does not occur only at one place but preferably at those places where the thickness has been locally reduced.
  • the speed dependency of the characteristic of the whole buffer or fender will also depend on the speed dependency of the limited flexibility of the cross-stays.
  • the elastic reinforcement inserts which bring about the limited bending resistance of the parts which preferably extend transversely to the direction of the main force,
  • torsion springs of steel or other highly elastic materials may be employed which have a damping effect as to bending. Tests have proved that thespeed hardening of the buffers or fenders can thereby be lowered to substantially below 25 percent.
  • FIGS. 10 and 20 exclusively the legs 2 and 3 extend parallel or slightly inclined to the direction of force and buckle under load.
  • the cross-stays 4 and 5 are designed so stiff or rigid that they practically do not take part in the spring work.
  • the fender shown in FIGS. 5 and 5a comprises two legs 7, which are slightly inclined to the direction of force 6.
  • the thickness of legs 7 is reduced at the places 8.
  • the fender further comprises a rigid cross-stay 9 and a cross-stay 10 of limited flexibility.
  • the limitation of the flexibility is in the above example brought about by elastic metallic inserts 11.
  • the mean thickness of the legs 7 is designated by the letter d.
  • the inserts 9a may consist of metallic plates or plates of hardsynthetic, e. g., plastic, material so as to make the cross-stay 9 rigid.
  • FIG. 6 shows the characteristic of the fender shown in FIGS. 5 and 5a.
  • the dash line represents the characteristic of a fender, the dimensions of which correspond to the fender according to FIGS. 5 and 5a, which however, has no inserts limiting the flexibility and which has no local reduction in thickness of the legs.
  • a fender with a characteristic as indicated by the dash line is obviously useless.
  • the characteristic shown in FIG. 6 as a solid line will with the load acting in the direction of force 6 (FIG. 5a) occur in view of the fact that initially the legs 7 are compressed (the characteristic ascends; region A); then the cross-stay l0 begins to bend whereby the bulging of the legs 7 is initiated which occurs with practically constant reaction force (the characteristic is approximately horizontal; region B); and finally the bulge areas of the legs increase due to their reduced thickness at the locations 8, so that the meeting of the inner faces of the cross-stays 9 and 10 is retarded (the characteristic rises; region C).
  • the inclination or angle of the legs 7 may vary over that shown in FIG. 5. More specifically, the legs 7 may be parallel to each other or may be inclined relative to each other until no compression phase exists.
  • a buffer of elastomeric material which includes: two first legs spaced from each other in and extending transverse to the main force direction in which said buffer is to exert its main cushioning action, two additional legs spaced from each other and respectively interconnecting the end portions of said first legs, said first legs and said additional legs together defining a cavity with each other, and elastic reinforcing insert means in at least one of said first legs and limiting the flexibility of the latter to bending stiffness only about half the'flexibility of said additional legs.
  • a buffer according to claim 1 in which one of said first legs has bendable elastic reinforcing insert means arranged therein whereas the other one of said first legs has rigid reinforcing means arranged therein.
  • a buffer according to claim 1 in which said additional legs are approximately parallel to each other and substantially parallel to the axis in which said buffer is to be compressed for exerting its cushioning action.
  • a buffer according to claim 1 in which the addi tional legs vary in thickness along their length.
  • a buffer according to claim 1 in which the speed dependency of the bending force characteristic of the elastomeric material of the buffer is higher than that of the elastic reinforcing insert means.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
US00222079A 1971-01-29 1972-01-31 Buffer or fender Expired - Lifetime US3779536A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19712104212 DE2104212A1 (de) 1971-01-29 1971-01-29 Puffer oder Fender

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3779536A true US3779536A (en) 1973-12-18

Family

ID=5797294

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00222079A Expired - Lifetime US3779536A (en) 1971-01-29 1972-01-31 Buffer or fender

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3779536A (fr)
DE (1) DE2104212A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2119354A5 (fr)
GB (1) GB1362474A (fr)
IT (1) IT941799B (fr)
NL (1) NL7201208A (fr)
SE (1) SE376284B (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3948501A (en) * 1974-10-31 1976-04-06 Lord Corporation Resilient mounting
US4105236A (en) * 1974-07-10 1978-08-08 Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft Shock absorbing body
US5458077A (en) * 1993-03-29 1995-10-17 Bridgestone Corporation Marine fenders
US5661934A (en) * 1996-03-20 1997-09-02 Cr Industries, Inc. Loading dock bumper
US5881981A (en) * 1997-06-30 1999-03-16 Pearl Musical Instrument Co. Elastomeric spring
US5975000A (en) * 1996-06-13 1999-11-02 Bridgestone Corporation Rubbery marine fenders
US5988609A (en) * 1997-10-27 1999-11-23 Young; James A. Elastomeric tubular stop member
US6604735B2 (en) * 2000-12-22 2003-08-12 Lockheed Martin Corporation Elastomer variants
US20040037996A1 (en) * 2002-08-21 2004-02-26 Monson Robert James Console display mounting system
US20080023898A1 (en) * 2006-07-27 2008-01-31 Palinkas Richard L Geometric shaped side bearing pad
CN111279096A (zh) * 2017-09-11 2020-06-12 南德盘形连轴器制造有限及两合公司 装卸台缓冲器

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3858925A (en) * 1972-03-02 1975-01-07 Dunlop Ltd Elastomeric mountings
JPS5952243B2 (ja) * 1977-04-28 1984-12-19 株式会社ブリヂストン 防げん材
FR2496209A1 (fr) * 1980-12-15 1982-06-18 Citroen Sa Absorbeur d'energie utilisable en particulier comme pare-chocs de vehicule automobile
US4740012A (en) * 1986-04-25 1988-04-26 Mazda Motor Corporation Vehicle suspension system having toe direction control means
FR2660382A1 (fr) * 1990-03-30 1991-10-04 Lepierres Gildas Supports amortisseurs de vibrations.

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3418815A (en) * 1966-05-26 1968-12-31 Seibu Gomu Kagaku Kk Dock fender
US3563525A (en) * 1968-08-10 1971-02-16 Seibu Gomu Kagaku Kk Fender

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3418815A (en) * 1966-05-26 1968-12-31 Seibu Gomu Kagaku Kk Dock fender
US3563525A (en) * 1968-08-10 1971-02-16 Seibu Gomu Kagaku Kk Fender

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4105236A (en) * 1974-07-10 1978-08-08 Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft Shock absorbing body
US3948501A (en) * 1974-10-31 1976-04-06 Lord Corporation Resilient mounting
US5458077A (en) * 1993-03-29 1995-10-17 Bridgestone Corporation Marine fenders
US5661934A (en) * 1996-03-20 1997-09-02 Cr Industries, Inc. Loading dock bumper
US5975000A (en) * 1996-06-13 1999-11-02 Bridgestone Corporation Rubbery marine fenders
US5881981A (en) * 1997-06-30 1999-03-16 Pearl Musical Instrument Co. Elastomeric spring
US5988609A (en) * 1997-10-27 1999-11-23 Young; James A. Elastomeric tubular stop member
US6604735B2 (en) * 2000-12-22 2003-08-12 Lockheed Martin Corporation Elastomer variants
US20040037996A1 (en) * 2002-08-21 2004-02-26 Monson Robert James Console display mounting system
US7213800B2 (en) * 2002-08-21 2007-05-08 Lockheed Martin Corporation Console display mounting system
US20080023898A1 (en) * 2006-07-27 2008-01-31 Palinkas Richard L Geometric shaped side bearing pad
US8061698B2 (en) * 2006-07-27 2011-11-22 Chemtura Corporation Geometric shaped side bearing pad
CN111279096A (zh) * 2017-09-11 2020-06-12 南德盘形连轴器制造有限及两合公司 装卸台缓冲器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2119354A5 (fr) 1972-08-04
DE2104212A1 (de) 1972-08-03
NL7201208A (fr) 1972-08-01
IT941799B (it) 1973-03-10
SE376284B (fr) 1975-05-12
GB1362474A (en) 1974-08-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3779536A (en) Buffer or fender
US3798916A (en) Articulated energy absorbing marine fender assembly
US5403049A (en) Impact absorber
US4355792A (en) Hollow marine fender
US3118659A (en) Compression springs made of an elastomer
JPS601493B2 (ja) 衝突防止用衝撃緩衝装置
US4494738A (en) Shock-absorbing joint and assembly with rotating arms and elastomeric spring action
US4267792A (en) Elastically deformable fender
DE1784679A1 (de) Fender fuer Hafenwandungen
US3335689A (en) Low friction dock bumper
US3600896A (en) Marine fender assembly
US3698702A (en) Composite leaf spring
US3983963A (en) Multifacially formed panel impact absorber
US3814470A (en) Impact absorber
EP0135997B1 (fr) Amortisseur marin
US4733855A (en) Tapered rubber spring units
US3858925A (en) Elastomeric mountings
US3035825A (en) Shock absorber
US3677017A (en) Dock fender structure
US3948501A (en) Resilient mounting
US4026534A (en) Shock absorber
JPS62101931A (ja) ベアリング
US3504900A (en) Rubber springs
US4721414A (en) Marine fenders
GB2032050A (en) Cushioning fender structure