US3778253A - Ultra-high strength steel - Google Patents
Ultra-high strength steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3778253A US3778253A US00666850A US3778253DA US3778253A US 3778253 A US3778253 A US 3778253A US 00666850 A US00666850 A US 00666850A US 3778253D A US3778253D A US 3778253DA US 3778253 A US3778253 A US 3778253A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sulfur
- steel
- percent
- ultra
- high strength
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000797 Ultra-high-strength steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 25
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNTLIPZTSJSULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium molybdenum Chemical compound [Cr].[Mo] VNTLIPZTSJSULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
Definitions
- lt is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide an ultra-high strength steel, particularly suitable for the manufacture of bearings, that is characterized-by improved fatigue strength over steels conventionally used for the purpose.
- Yet another object of the invention is to provide a bearing steel that is characterized by good fatigue strength without the addition of costly metal alloying elements in amounts greater than those used in conventional bearing steels.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of a high-sulfur steel of the invention when compared with a conventional bearing steel in a Rolling Fatigue Bearing Test
- FIG. 3 presents curves showing the improved fatigue life of the high-sulfur steel of the invention when compared with bearing steel not having a significant sulfur addition in accordance with the present invention.
- compositions listed in the following Table 11 were produced for testing with respect to fatigue life.
- the melting was done in three steps. First, a 17- pound ingot of the base composition was poured. Then a sulfur addition in the form of elemental sulfur was made to bring the melt to a sulfur level of 0.05 percent. The sulfur was allowed to mix in the melt, and a second ingot was then cast. Another sulfur addition was made (to the 0.12 percent level) and the procedure was repeated. In this manner, three ingots, all with the same base composition except for the sulfur content, were obtained. These are indicated as Steel A, B, and C in Table II. These ingots were forged to five-eighths-inchsquare bars from which test specimens were prepared.
- the specimens were heat treated to a hardness of about R 61 to 62 by austenitizing at 1,550F, oil-quenching and tempering at 350F. 1 5' i
- individual IOO-pound heats were induction melted with sulfur contents of 0.01 percent and 0.043 percent; these steels are identified as Steels D and B, respectively, in Table 11. These steels were forged to 3- /-inch-round bars. Discs were cut from the bars and machined into flat washer-shaped specimens (2-31/2l-inch OD, 2- 1/32-inch 1D, and 7/32-inch thickness) and heat treated as described above for the samples of Steels A, B, and C.
- test specimen is a flat washer-shaped disc of 2-3l/32-inch GD, 2- l/32-inch ID, 7/32-inch thickness.
- the specimen is inserted into a standard thrust bearing and serves in place of the upper race of the bearing.
- a load of 750 pounds is applied to the bearing by means of a lever system; this results in a Hertzian compressive stress of 563,000 psi in the test specimen.
- Steady lubrication is provided during testing.
- the standard operating speed of 1,500 rpm was maintained during testing.
- the testing is continued to failure, which is indicated by a vibrationsensing device, or to runout at 50 X 10 revolutions (550 hours).
- An ultra-high strength steel particularly suited for the manufacture of bearings, consisting essentially of, in percent, about 0.75 to 1.10 carbon, 0.25 to l manganese, up to 0.9 silicon, up to 2 chromium, up to 1.20 molybdenum, with the sum of chromium and molybdenum being at least 0.50, more than 0.04 to 0.25 sulfur, and the balance iron.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US66685067A | 1967-09-11 | 1967-09-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3778253A true US3778253A (en) | 1973-12-11 |
Family
ID=24675748
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00666850A Expired - Lifetime US3778253A (en) | 1967-09-11 | 1967-09-11 | Ultra-high strength steel |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3778253A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE1758909A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| ES (1) | ES357868A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR1587702A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1225660A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11065672B2 (en) * | 2017-06-03 | 2021-07-20 | Atulkumar Raghavjibhai SARADVA | Process of manufacturing of segments for carbon thrust bearing |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL8800900A (nl) * | 1988-04-08 | 1989-11-01 | Skf Ind Trading & Dev | Staal, waarin naast ijzer koolstof, silicium, fosfor en molybdeen aanwezig zijn. |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2354147A (en) * | 1942-01-14 | 1944-07-18 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Steel |
| US2451469A (en) * | 1946-08-02 | 1948-10-19 | Int Nickel Co | Steels and structural embodiments thereof for use at low temperatures |
| US3295966A (en) * | 1964-04-30 | 1967-01-03 | Crucible Steel Co America | Versatile low-alloy tool steel |
-
1967
- 1967-09-11 US US00666850A patent/US3778253A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1968
- 1968-08-14 GB GB1225660D patent/GB1225660A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-09-03 DE DE19681758909 patent/DE1758909A1/de active Pending
- 1968-09-04 FR FR1587702D patent/FR1587702A/fr not_active Expired
- 1968-09-05 ES ES357868A patent/ES357868A1/es not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2354147A (en) * | 1942-01-14 | 1944-07-18 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Steel |
| US2451469A (en) * | 1946-08-02 | 1948-10-19 | Int Nickel Co | Steels and structural embodiments thereof for use at low temperatures |
| US3295966A (en) * | 1964-04-30 | 1967-01-03 | Crucible Steel Co America | Versatile low-alloy tool steel |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11065672B2 (en) * | 2017-06-03 | 2021-07-20 | Atulkumar Raghavjibhai SARADVA | Process of manufacturing of segments for carbon thrust bearing |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR1587702A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1970-03-27 |
| DE1758909A1 (de) | 1972-02-10 |
| GB1225660A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1971-03-17 |
| ES357868A1 (es) | 1970-04-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: COLT INDUSTRIES OPERATING CORP. Free format text: MERGER AND CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:CRUCIBLE CENTER COMPANY (INTO) CRUCIBLE INC. (CHANGED TO);REEL/FRAME:004120/0308 Effective date: 19821214 |
|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CRUCIBLE MATERIALS CORPORATION, PENNSYLVANIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:COLT INDUSTRIES OPERATING CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004194/0621 Effective date: 19831025 Owner name: CRUCIBLE MATERIALS CORPORATION, A DE CORP. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:COLT INDUSTRIES OPERATING CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004194/0621 Effective date: 19831025 |
|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: MELLON BANK, N.A. FOR THE CHASE MANHATTAN BANK (NA Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CRUCIBLE MATERIALS CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE.;REEL/FRAME:004490/0452 Effective date: 19851219 Owner name: CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, THE (NATIONAL ASSOCIATION) A Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CRUCIBLE MATERIALS CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE.;REEL/FRAME:004490/0452 Effective date: 19851219 Owner name: MELLON FINANCIAL SERVICES CORPORATION Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CRUCIBLE MATERIALS CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE.;REEL/FRAME:004490/0410 Effective date: 19851219 Owner name: MELLON BANK, N.A. AS AGENT FOR MELLON BANK N.A. & Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CRUCIBLE MATERIALS CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE.;REEL/FRAME:004490/0410 Effective date: 19851219 |
|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CRUCIBLE MATERIALS CORPORATION, NEW YORK Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:MELLON BANK, N.A.;REEL/FRAME:005240/0099 Effective date: 19891020 |