US3776799A - Process for bonding the fibers of a non-woven textile fabric - Google Patents

Process for bonding the fibers of a non-woven textile fabric Download PDF

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Publication number
US3776799A
US3776799A US00249543A US3776799DA US3776799A US 3776799 A US3776799 A US 3776799A US 00249543 A US00249543 A US 00249543A US 3776799D A US3776799D A US 3776799DA US 3776799 A US3776799 A US 3776799A
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United States
Prior art keywords
fabric
liquid
woven fabric
temperature
woven
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00249543A
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English (en)
Inventor
E Gruber
L Klenk
K Hammer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kalle GmbH and Co KG
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Kalle GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of US3776799A publication Critical patent/US3776799A/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
    • D04H1/488—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation in combination with bonding agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/4334—Polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/435—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/552—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving by applying solvents or auxiliary agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
    • D04H1/645—Impregnation followed by a solidification process
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
    • D04H1/645—Impregnation followed by a solidification process
    • D04H1/65—Impregnation followed by a solidification process using mixed or composite fibres
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1052—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing
    • Y10T156/1059—Splitting sheet lamina in plane intermediate of faces

Definitions

  • a homogenous distribution of binder throughout the cross section of the non-woven fabric is not required.
  • a fieecy reverse side of the non-woven fabric is to be desired for application of the bonded non-woven fabrics as outer materials without lining for clothing purposes.
  • the reverse surface should be similar to velvet.
  • the object of the present invention is to produce nonwoven fabrics without the disadvantages of the non-woven fabrics bonded according to the known processes and in which the concentration of a binding agent in the nonwoven fabric shows a continuous gradient in the direction from one to the other fabric surface.
  • the non-woven fabric possesses particularly good properties for rolling and bending and good draping characteristics.
  • a measure of this draping capability is the flexing resistance of the nonwoven fabric according to German Standard DIN 53362.
  • the invention accordingly provides a process for bonding the fibres of a non-Woven textile fabric, wherein there is incorporated in the fabric an aqueous thermosensitive liquid containing an elastic polymer capable of binding the fibres of the fabric and there is contacted with one surface of the fabric a heat-carrying liquid at a temperature sufficiently high to efiect coagulation of the elastic polymer while at the same time the other surface of the fabric is maintained at a temperature below the coagulation temperature of the liquid containing the elastic polymer.
  • the bonded non-woven fabric produced according to the process of the invention by chemical binding agent is characterized by the fact that the binding agent concentration in the region of the surface of the non-woven fabric on which the heat-carrying fluid acts is higher than that in the region of the other surface of the non-woven fabric.
  • nonwoven fibre structures are suitable which consist of natural or of synthetic fibres or of mixtures of these fibres.
  • non-woven fabrics may be carded non-woven fabrics, fabrics produced according to the aerodynamic principle, staple non-Wovens or non-Wovens produced according to the wet process.
  • Particularly suitable are fleeces based on polyester and/ or polyamide fibres or filaments.
  • Suitable chemical binding agents for the process of the invention are elastic, synthetic or natural polymers which can be coagulated from aqueous dispersion under heat influence. Particularly suitable are polyacrylic and polymethacrylic acid esters, natural or synthetic rubbers and polyurethanes.
  • the binding liquid used in the process of the invention contains a proportion of polymer solids of 10 to 60 percent 'by weight of the total weight of the binding liquid.
  • the liquid of the binding agents consists of an aqueous dispersion of the said polymers which effect fibre binding.
  • said liquid additionally contains chemical agent which sensitize the heat coagulation capacity of the polymers so that by the action of the heat-carrying liquid on the binding agent liquid incorporated in the non-woven fabric, the polymers contained in this latter liquid are coagulated.
  • thermo-sensitive binding agent liquid The coagulation temperature of the thermo-sensitive binding agent liquid is in the range of 20-90" C., preferably in the range 30 to 50 C.
  • the coagulation temperature of the binding liquid depends on the polymer, on the concentration of the poly mer and on the type of the chemical agent and the concentration applied to the thermosensitive liquid.
  • the optimum coagulation temperature may be ascertained by simple test.
  • thermo-sensitizing the well-known chemical agents for this purpose are suitable, e.g. those based on polysiloxanes (e.g. Coagulant WS of Wegriken Bayer).
  • thermo-sensitized binding agent liquids are aqueous dispersions of polyacrylates or polymethacrylates and/or of mixtures of the said polymers and also aqueous dispersions of synthetic rubber based on butadiene-acrylonitrile co-polymers.
  • Preferred non-woven fabrics can be mechanically consolidated by needle-punching; they may have a stitching density, for example, of approximately 400 stitches per cm.
  • a continuous web of material may be used.
  • the process of the invention may thus be carried out by impregnating a web of non-woven fabric with the binding liquid, for example in a Foulard filled with this liquid.
  • the binding agent liquid may have a temperature of approximately 18 to 25 C.
  • a heat-carrying liquid acts on one surface of the non-woven fabric impregnated with binding liquid, the temperature of the former liquid being sufiicient to effect coagulation of the polymer binding agent.
  • Suitable liquids are those which neither dissolve nor swell either the fibers of the non-woven fabric or the chemical binding agent.
  • Liquids which can be mixed with water are preferred; particularly suitable are higher alcohols and polyalcohols, e.g. polyglycols. Water itself cannot be used as heat-carrying liquid as there would then be a danger that the polymers incorporated in the non-woven fabric would be washed out by treatment with Water at elevated temperature.
  • the heat-carrying liquid may have a temperature between 35 and 140 C., a temperature between 70 and 100 C. being preferred.
  • this surface is brought to a temperature in the range of 35 to 100 C., preferably to 60-90 C.
  • the surface of the non-woven fabric subjected to cooling will usually be brought down to a temperature between 5 and 40 C.
  • Cooling of this surface of the non-woven fabric may.
  • the surface of the fleece opposite to that on which the heat-carrying liquid is acting has a temperature below the coagulation temperature of the binding agent liquid.
  • the temperature of the heat-carrying liquid and the temperature of the cooling roller may vary depending on the speed of travel of the web, on the type on the nonwoven fabric and on the binding agent liquid used. After coagulation of the polymer in the non-woven fabric this is washed, for example with water, and afterwards dried. The drying may be effected in a drier or in a drying tunnel under the action of hot air at 100-180" C.
  • the starting material is a needle-punched non-woven fibre web with 400 stitches/cm half of it consisting of polyethylene terephthalate fibres with a length of 32 mm. and a titre of 1.3 dtex. and half of polyamide fibres of a length of 40 mm. and a titre of 1.7 dtex.
  • the non-woven fabric has a weight per unit area of 250 g./cm. and a density of 0.150 g./cm.
  • the binding agent liquid comprises a 40% aqueous dispersion of a butadiene-acrylonitrile co-polymer.
  • the binding agent liquid is adjusted to a coagulation temperature of approximately 36 C. by the addition of a thermosensitizing agent based on polysiloxane (e.g. Coagulant WS).
  • the non-woven fabric then contains binding agent liquid in a proportion of 30-70% referred to the total weight of the non-woven fabric.
  • the web is then led continuously via a deflecting roller (at a speed of 1.5 m./min.) around the surface of a cooled roller, the axial plane of which is horizontal.
  • the temperature of the cooled roller is 32 C.
  • One quarter of the circumference of the roller is immersed over its whole length in a tank filled with polyglycol 400 at a temperature of approximately C.
  • the web is led into another tank, in which it is washed with water.
  • the washed web is then fed into a tunnel drier and dried at C.
  • the proportion of binder in the non-woven fabric referred to the total weight, is 50%
  • the non-woven fabric is then submitted to splitting into two splits of about equal thickness.
  • the split that has been exposed to the cooled surface has a binder content of 38 percent by weight while the other split has a content of 62 percent by Weight.
  • the percentage figures of the splits in this and the following examples refer to a layer of the non-woven fabric of equal thickness to the split but containing no binder.
  • EXAMPLE 2 A mixed fibre fleece with 50 parts of polyethylene terephthalate fibers and 50 parts of polyamide fibres, having a weight per unit area of 470 g./m. and a density of 0.200 g. per cm. is treated under the same process conditions as in Example 1. After splitting of the bonded non-woven fabric into two splits as in Example 1, the split including the surface subjected to the heat-carrying liquid has a binder content of 65 percent by weight, while the other split has a binder content of 35 percent by weight.
  • Example 2 is modified by using a non-woven fabric with a weight per unit area of 250 g./m. and the temperature of the cooling roller is reduced to +15 C. The binder migration is thereby intensified. After splitting the fabric according to Example 1, the binder content in each split is ascertained. The split with the surface that has been exposed to the action of the heat-carrying liquid has a binder content of 80 percent by weight, while the other split has a binder content of 20 percent by weight.
  • EXAMPLE 4 In a modification of Example 2, a non-woven fabric with a weight per unit area of 470 g./m. is likewise used The temperature of the cooling roller is reduced to 15 C. as in Example 3 in order to achieve an intensification of the binder migration.
  • the split with the surface on which the heat-carrying liquid had acted contains a binding agent proportion of 76 percent by weight and the other split a proportion of 24 percent by weight.
  • Example 2 is modified in that a binding agent bath with a solids content of 30 percent by weight is used with a non-woven fabric having a weight per unit area of 470 g./m. and of the same type.
  • the bonded non-woven fabric has a binding agent content of 40 percent by weight as referred to the total weight of the non-woven fabric.
  • a process for bonding the fibres of a non-woven textile fabric comprising incorporating in the fabric an aqueous thermosensitive liquid containing an elastic polymer capable of binding the fibres of the fabric, contacting with one surface of the fabric a heat-carrying liquid at a temperature sufficiently high to effect coagulation of the elastic polymer while at the same time the other surface of the fabric is maintained at a temperature below the coagulation temperature of the liquid containing the clastic polymer, washing out uncoagulated polymer and drying the bonded fabric.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
US00249543A 1971-05-05 1972-05-02 Process for bonding the fibers of a non-woven textile fabric Expired - Lifetime US3776799A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19712122142 DE2122142A1 (de) 1971-05-05 1971-05-05 Verfahren zum Verfestigen von nicht gewebten, textlien Faserflächengebilden

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3776799A true US3776799A (en) 1973-12-04

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ID=5806885

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00249543A Expired - Lifetime US3776799A (en) 1971-05-05 1972-05-02 Process for bonding the fibers of a non-woven textile fabric

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3776799A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CS (1) CS158581B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2122142A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2135323B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1386699A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT957693B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3925130A (en) * 1972-05-31 1975-12-09 Nairn Floors Ltd Production of bonded fibrous products
US3936544A (en) * 1973-05-10 1976-02-03 Feldmuehle Aktiengesellschaft Process for the manufacture of flat-shaped articles
US3979532A (en) * 1971-04-30 1976-09-07 Statni Vyzkumny Ustav Kozedelny Process for the manufacture of artificial leather and product made thereby

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9408307D0 (en) * 1994-04-27 1994-06-15 Scapa Group Plc Coated fabric

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1273311A (en) * 1969-02-06 1972-05-10 Vepa Ag Process and device for the production of textile material lengths containing filling or bonding agents

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3979532A (en) * 1971-04-30 1976-09-07 Statni Vyzkumny Ustav Kozedelny Process for the manufacture of artificial leather and product made thereby
US3925130A (en) * 1972-05-31 1975-12-09 Nairn Floors Ltd Production of bonded fibrous products
US3936544A (en) * 1973-05-10 1976-02-03 Feldmuehle Aktiengesellschaft Process for the manufacture of flat-shaped articles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2122142A1 (de) 1972-11-23
GB1386699A (en) 1975-03-12
CS158581B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-11-25
FR2135323A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-12-15
IT957693B (it) 1973-10-20
FR2135323B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-01-16

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