US3774274A - Means and method for producing expanded metal - Google Patents

Means and method for producing expanded metal Download PDF

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Publication number
US3774274A
US3774274A US00162135A US3774274DA US3774274A US 3774274 A US3774274 A US 3774274A US 00162135 A US00162135 A US 00162135A US 3774274D A US3774274D A US 3774274DA US 3774274 A US3774274 A US 3774274A
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Prior art keywords
slots
metal
producing
partly
ductile
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00162135A
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English (en)
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H Jury
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Jury and Spiers Pty Ltd
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Jury and Spiers Pty Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D47/00—Making rigid structural elements or units, e.g. honeycomb structures
    • B21D47/01—Making rigid structural elements or units, e.g. honeycomb structures beams or pillars
    • B21D47/02—Making rigid structural elements or units, e.g. honeycomb structures beams or pillars by expanding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/18—Expanded metal making

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT The invention relates to a method of producing an expanded metal product wherein the metal sections arestretched instead of being bent so as to achieve the ex-- panding process.
  • This invention relates to a means for and a method of producing expanded metal shapes in the form of a mesh which can be used either for structural or decorative purposes.
  • So called expanded metal is currently produced by a process wherein a sheet of metal is sheared to produce staggered rows of slits, and the material is'pulled in a direction which is transverse of the rows to produce a steel mesh having a series of diamond pattern openings.
  • the ends of the slits constitute zones of extreme stress, having been stressed almost to the point of shearing during the shearing process of the slits, but even if this were not so, the stress concentration would become very large as the metal is expanded, due to shape of the metal edges defining the slit end.
  • the combined effects of semi-shearing and shape result in tearing of the metal during expansion.
  • the metal is sometimes bent out of the plane of the original metal between the strips, and the bent metal flexes as the sheet is expanded, reducing stresses at the slit ends.
  • Another alternative procedure which is frequently used to reduce tearing or for formation of cracks at the ends of the slits is for the metal to be allowed to reduce in length as it is increased in width. This becomes possible since the slits are usually carried outwardly to adjacent the edges of the sheet of metal which is to be expanded, the outer chords being bent during the expansion.
  • the expanded metal has very little structural strength.
  • the panel Since either the strips of metal between the slits are of bent formation, or alternatively the outer edges are free to change their dimensional length as the openings are expanded, or both, the panel must be essentially regarded as a flexible panel and is not suitable, for example, for use as a structural member arranged to support loads of the same magnitude as would normally be supported by a member having the configuration of a truss and having the struts thereof with the same cross-sectional area as the strips of the formed metal which define the diamond openings.
  • One of the objects of this invention therefore is to provide improvements whereby expanded metal has sufficient inherent rigidity to be load bearing.
  • the method of producing an expanded metal product comprises at least partly perforating a ductile metal member so as to at least partly form a plurality of slots, the slots being of identical shape and size and having curved ends, and being equally spaced in each of the series of parallel rows the longitudinal axes of which are co-incident with the longitudinal axes of the slots contained therein, the pitch centre distance of the slots in any one row being only slightly greater than the slot length and '2 the slots of any one row being staggered with respect to the slots of the nextadjacent row so as to, form from the metal member a series of longitudinally extending stretchable portions between the rows, clamping the metal member between two pairs of transversely spaced longitudinally extending clamp jaws, forcing said pairs away from each other in a transversedirection thereby both straining saidstretchable portions beyond their yield point and inclining therntojsaid, relative longitudinal axes, and releasing the clamps'from the expanded metal products.
  • slots having rounded ends avoids the very high stress concentrationswhich exist at the ends of slits, since the slots maybe fully sheared at their ends, and when the straining of a metal takes place as the clamps are moved apart, thestress at the ends of the struts so formed is spreadover a considerable area of metalat the ends of the slots thus reducing stress concentration and allowing the straining of he struts to take place without cracking ofthe parent metal.
  • A: further object of' the invention therefore ism-provide means for producing an expanded metal, product produced by the method defined above, and in one of its forms this includes a main frame having twopairs of bearings defining a pair of spaced parallel axis, a pair of rolls rotatable in respective said pairs of bearings, the first of said rolls having a plurality of axially spaced, radially outstanding and circumferentially extending projections having curved ends, and the second of said rolls having a surface spaced radially away from said projections to define therebetween a slug accommodating space, the means being so constructed and arranged that when a ductile metal member to .be expanded is driven between the rolls, the projections atleastpartly perforate the member to thereby form the plurality.
  • slots in accordance with the method defined, that is, slots having identical shape and size and curved ends, and being equally spaced in each of a series of parallel rows, the longitudinal axes of which are,coinci dent with the longitudinal axes of the slots contained therein, the pitch centre distance of the slots in anyone row being only slightly greater than the slot lengthand the slots of any row being staggered with respect to. the slots of the next adjacent row so as to form from the metal member a series of longitudinally extending stretchable portions between the rows. It is foundin practice desirable to have the projections arranged "with respective circular surfaces forthe shearing of the metal, and the surface of the second roll.
  • the second roll which is spaced radially away from a respective projection may be the base of a female die, or alternatively the second roll may have I a cylindrical surface if the expanded metal product has a plurality of ribs of sufficient strength to support the member against collapse as the projections shear the slots. In each case the slug is accommodated in the radial space existing between the radial projections and the surface of the second roll.
  • FIG. 1 is an enlarged fragmentary section showing the partial shearing of a slug of metal from a ductile metal member which is subsequently to be expanded,
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of a metal member (of indefinite length), drawn to a smaller scale than in FIG. 1, and showing a plurality of slots partly sheared from a duetile metal member,
  • FIG. 3 is a somewhat diagrammatic representation of a stretching frame with two pairs of clamp jaws thereon for stretching of the metal member of FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 4 shows the metal member of FIG. 2 after the clamps have been forced away from each other in a transverse direction, and the stretchable portions of the member of FIG. 2 strained beyond their yield point and inclined relative to the longitudinal axes of the rows of slots,
  • FIG. 5 is a fragmentary enlarged view illustrating the way in which the curved ends of the slots open up without subjecting the metal to such severe stress concentration as to form cracks therein,
  • FIG. 6 is a transverse section of a member according to a second embodiment, the member being formed with ribs of sufficient strength to prevent collapse during the shearing of the slots, and
  • FIG. 7 is a section taken on line 77 of FIG. 6.
  • a main frame which is not illustrated therein is provided with two pairs of bearings which define two spaced parallel axes, and a pair of rolls, respectively designated 1 l and 12, are rotatable in the pairs of bearings.
  • the upper roll 11 is provided with a series of projections designated 13, the projections standing outwardly from a cylindrical surface 14 on the roll 11, the projections being spaced from each other axially across the roll in the direction of the axis of the roll, being outstanding from the surface 14 in a radial direction, and extending circumferentially around the surface 14 for most but not all of the circumference.
  • the projections 13 are provided with curved ends 16.
  • the second or lower roll 12 is provided with a corresponding series of axially spaced radially extending grooves 17 which constitute the female die portion of the rolls, each groove 17 having its inner surface 18 spaced radially away from the respective projection 13 as shown in FIG.
  • the ductile metal member 21 is an aluminum sheet which conforms to S.A.E. Standard 6063, although other ductile metal is known to be satisfactory for the invention.
  • the slugs 20 are only partly sheared from the member 21, being retained by a small area of unsheared metal, this obviating a scrap problem which is encountered with rolls if the slugs can inadvertently be carried around by the walls of the groove 17. Because the projections 13 have curved ends 16, the slugs 20 and the corresponding slots formed by their partial removal from the metal member 21 also have curved ends as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the slots are all of identical shape and size, and are equally spaced in each of the series of rows designated 23, the longitudinal axes of the rows 23 being co-incident with the longitudinal axes of the slots contained therein, and the pitch center distance marked P.C.D. of the slots of any one row being only slightly greater than the slot length so that the interconnecting portions 24 are relatively short.
  • the slots of any one row are staggered with respect to the slots of the next adjacent row or rows, and thereby form between the rows a series of longitudinally extending stretchable portions which are designated 25.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further stage in the method of producing an expanded metal product, wherein the ductile metal member 21 of FIG. 2 is clamped between two pairs of transversely spaced longitudinally extending clamp jaws.
  • a stretching frame 27 has one of the pairs of clamp jaws designated 28 secured thereto by securing means which are not illustrated, and the stretching frame 27 also has guides 29 for the guiding of the second set of clamp jaws 30 which are movable, while a hydraulic cylinder 31 operatively interconnects the movable clamp jaws 30 and the stretching frame 27.
  • Each of the pair of clam jaws 28 and 30 is provided with a fixed jaw member 33 and a movable jaw member 34 driven by a clamping cylinder 35.
  • the upper roll 41 co-operates with the lower roll 42.
  • a main frame 43 carries on it two pairs of bearings respectively designated 44 and 45 which define two spaced parallel axes, and the rolls 41 and 42 are respectively joumalled in the bearings 44 and 45.
  • the upper roll 41 carries on it the axially spaced radially projecting and circumferentially extending projections 13, but the projections 13 of the upper roll 41 project radially outwardly further than those of the roll 11 of the first embodiment so as to completely shear slugs 20 as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the ductile metal member designated 47 is not in the form of a flat sheet as in the first embodiment, but is formed from extruded aluminium and has a plurality of spaced flanges 48 joined by narrow webs 49, the width of each of the webs 49 being substantially the same as the thickness of the projections 13 thereby avoiding the need for a female die arrangement.
  • the lower roll 42 merely has a single cylindrical surface which functions to back-up the flanges 48 by simply bearing against them during shearing of the slugs 20 from the webs 49, and the space between the webs 49 and the surface of the roller 42 is sufficient to accommodate the slugs 20.
  • FIG. 7 is a section taken on line 7-7 of FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the manner in which the webs 49 have the slugs 20 removed therefrom.
  • the method of producing an expanded metal product which comprises the steps of advancing a ductile metal member between a set of rotatable roll shears to at least partly perforate the member so as to at least partly form a plurality of slots extending substantially longitudinally in the direction of the advance, the slots being of identical shape and size and having curved ends, and being equally spaced in each of a series of parallel rows the longitudinal axes of which are coincident with the longitudinal axes of the slots, the pitch centre distance of the slots in any one row being only slightly greater than the slot length and the slots of any row being staggered with respect to the slots of the next adjacent row,
  • each of said slots is partly formed by partly shearing said ductile metal member to form a slug, partly sheared metal retaining the slug to the ductile metal member until said jaws are displaced away from each other said displacing tearing said partly sheared metal and removing said slugs from the member.
  • each of said slots is formed by fully shearing a slug from said ductile metal member before said clamping of the member.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
US00162135A 1970-07-16 1971-07-13 Means and method for producing expanded metal Expired - Lifetime US3774274A (en)

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AUPA185970 1970-07-16

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US3774274A true US3774274A (en) 1973-11-27

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US (1) US3774274A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5122462B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA945829A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2135233C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2098460B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1363666A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
HK (1) HK25778A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3910092A (en) * 1972-08-24 1975-10-07 Comalco J & S Pty Metal expanding machine
US4881307A (en) * 1986-06-30 1989-11-21 Watership Pty. Ltd. Expansion of sheet materials
US5896635A (en) * 1997-05-27 1999-04-27 Cominco Ltd. Apparatus for forming expanded mesh
US6202271B1 (en) * 1998-03-13 2001-03-20 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for manufacturing expanded mesh sheet and battery using this expanded mesh sheet
US6447928B2 (en) 1998-10-01 2002-09-10 Gem City Engineering Company Process of manufacturing a core metal insert
US20060101722A1 (en) * 2004-11-12 2006-05-18 Ealer James E Sr Gutter cover
US20060230687A1 (en) * 2005-04-14 2006-10-19 Ealer James E Sr Solid edge gutter screen
US20080127575A1 (en) * 2006-12-04 2008-06-05 Ealer James E Perforated gutter protection system having canals
US7891142B1 (en) 2004-11-12 2011-02-22 Ealer Sr James E Gutter protection system
US8146218B1 (en) 2005-04-14 2012-04-03 Ealer Sr James E Method for making solid edge gutter screen
USD917024S1 (en) * 2017-03-22 2021-04-20 E-Z Products Llc Gutter cover

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU469862B2 (en) * 1972-08-23 1976-02-26 Comalco (J.& S.) Pty. Ltd. Expanded mesh
JPS53147568A (en) * 1977-05-27 1978-12-22 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Surface profile gauge
DE4143035A1 (de) * 1991-12-24 1993-07-01 Helmut W Diedrichs Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von streckgitter aus duennem metallbandmaterial

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US845764A (en) * 1901-09-23 1907-03-05 Oscar Bradford Machine for slitting sheet metal.
US885548A (en) * 1903-09-28 1908-04-21 George A Turnbull Metal cutting and forming machine.
US1103033A (en) * 1906-01-12 1914-07-14 Nat Metal Fabric Company Apparatus for manufacturing expanded metal.
US1802011A (en) * 1925-04-24 1931-04-21 Frease Hurxthal Field Integral frame structure
US2290486A (en) * 1939-11-30 1942-07-21 United States Gypsum Co Method of producing expanded metal lath
US3351995A (en) * 1966-10-05 1967-11-14 Modine Mfg Co Method of making expanded metal
US3618185A (en) * 1967-06-05 1971-11-09 Rca Corp Oval loudspeaker basket and method of manufacturing same

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191021801A (en) * 1909-09-21 1910-11-10 Florian Tentschert Improvements in Latticework for Window Frames and other purposes.
FR689693A (fr) * 1930-02-10 1930-09-10 Kalman Steel Co Perfectionnements relatifs à la fabrication des poutrelles en métal déployé
US1927443A (en) * 1933-02-09 1933-09-19 Charles W Laufle Apparatus for expanding trussed beams
US2018085A (en) * 1934-05-29 1935-10-22 Allegheny Steel Co Method of making flat expanded grilles
DE862288C (de) * 1950-10-27 1953-01-08 Fritz Dipl-Ing Grah Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Vorspruengen in den Stegen von Leichtbautraegern
US3034197A (en) * 1956-08-30 1962-05-15 Watanabe Hideyo Process of manufacturing expanded steel member
US3165810A (en) * 1962-08-03 1965-01-19 Pentron Electronics Corp Expanded metal

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US845764A (en) * 1901-09-23 1907-03-05 Oscar Bradford Machine for slitting sheet metal.
US885548A (en) * 1903-09-28 1908-04-21 George A Turnbull Metal cutting and forming machine.
US1103033A (en) * 1906-01-12 1914-07-14 Nat Metal Fabric Company Apparatus for manufacturing expanded metal.
US1802011A (en) * 1925-04-24 1931-04-21 Frease Hurxthal Field Integral frame structure
US2290486A (en) * 1939-11-30 1942-07-21 United States Gypsum Co Method of producing expanded metal lath
US3351995A (en) * 1966-10-05 1967-11-14 Modine Mfg Co Method of making expanded metal
US3618185A (en) * 1967-06-05 1971-11-09 Rca Corp Oval loudspeaker basket and method of manufacturing same

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3910092A (en) * 1972-08-24 1975-10-07 Comalco J & S Pty Metal expanding machine
US4881307A (en) * 1986-06-30 1989-11-21 Watership Pty. Ltd. Expansion of sheet materials
US5896635A (en) * 1997-05-27 1999-04-27 Cominco Ltd. Apparatus for forming expanded mesh
US6202271B1 (en) * 1998-03-13 2001-03-20 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for manufacturing expanded mesh sheet and battery using this expanded mesh sheet
US6447928B2 (en) 1998-10-01 2002-09-10 Gem City Engineering Company Process of manufacturing a core metal insert
US6532787B2 (en) 1998-10-01 2003-03-18 The Gem City Engineering Co. Process of manufacturing a core metal insert
US7891142B1 (en) 2004-11-12 2011-02-22 Ealer Sr James E Gutter protection system
US20090188173A1 (en) * 2004-11-12 2009-07-30 Ealer Sr James Edward Gutter Cover
US7765742B2 (en) 2004-11-12 2010-08-03 Ealer Sr James Edward Gutter cover
US20060101722A1 (en) * 2004-11-12 2006-05-18 Ealer James E Sr Gutter cover
US20060230687A1 (en) * 2005-04-14 2006-10-19 Ealer James E Sr Solid edge gutter screen
US8146218B1 (en) 2005-04-14 2012-04-03 Ealer Sr James E Method for making solid edge gutter screen
US20080127575A1 (en) * 2006-12-04 2008-06-05 Ealer James E Perforated gutter protection system having canals
US7650720B2 (en) 2006-12-04 2010-01-26 Ealer Sr James E Perforated gutter protection system having canals
USD917024S1 (en) * 2017-03-22 2021-04-20 E-Z Products Llc Gutter cover
USD937993S1 (en) 2017-03-22 2021-12-07 E-Z Products Llc Gutter cover

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2098460A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-03-10
GB1363666A (en) 1974-08-14
JPS5122462B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-07-09
DE2135233A1 (de) 1972-04-06
CA945829A (en) 1974-04-23
HK25778A (en) 1978-05-26
FR2098460B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-02-15
DE2135233C2 (de) 1986-03-27

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