US3774253A - Floating systems, especially mooring buoys, for anchoring to the sea-bed - Google Patents

Floating systems, especially mooring buoys, for anchoring to the sea-bed Download PDF

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Publication number
US3774253A
US3774253A US00294162A US3774253DA US3774253A US 3774253 A US3774253 A US 3774253A US 00294162 A US00294162 A US 00294162A US 3774253D A US3774253D A US 3774253DA US 3774253 A US3774253 A US 3774253A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
arm
floating unit
floating
base
buoy
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00294162A
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English (en)
Inventor
C Lecomte
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E M H PARIS FR
EMH
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EMH
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR6914351A external-priority patent/FR2041621A5/fr
Priority claimed from FR6937812A external-priority patent/FR2070256A6/fr
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Publication of US3774253A publication Critical patent/US3774253A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00—Buoys
    • B63B22/02—Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel
    • B63B22/021—Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel and for transferring fluids, e.g. liquids

Definitions

  • the system comprises a floating body such as a buoy or barge, connected to an anchoring base by at least one arm articulated to the base by a universal joint.
  • the inclination of the arm can then vary according to the wind and current.
  • the buoy is rigidly fixed to the arm.
  • the inclination of the arm is particularly in the range 20 to 45.
  • the buoy may be flat and bear equipment such as winding drums for a flexible tube, for instance connecting a petroleum tank on the sea-bed to a ship.
  • a pump may be arranged for actuation by the swell to drive equipment on the buoy through a hydraulic motor.
  • the present invention relates to improvements in floating systems especially of the type of mooring buoys, for anchoring to the sea-bed or the like.
  • the invention relates to the floating systems intended to be anchored with respect to a seabed or the like (or to an undersea assembly, for example a submarine storage reservoir); to such systems as mooring buoys, barges or other boats with a relatively flat bottom; and it relates more particularly again, to systems of the type for petroleum installations, especially to ensure the momentary mooring of oil tankers and more especially to ensure the transfer of petrol from storage reservoirs (particularly submarine) to these ships or conversely.
  • the invention proposes to arrange systems of the type concerned so that the floating part is connected to the anchoring base (fixed to the submarine floor or again fixed on a submarine reservoir), by at least one arm articulated to the latter and having normally, taking into account the depth of the anchoring floor, a predetermined inclination (for example selected of the order of 20 to 45 or more, as the case may require) the articulation of the said arm being preferably double, that is to say, on one hand, around a horizontal axis and, on the other hand, around a vertical axis, so that the inclination of the arm can vary as a function of the forces, both hydrostatic and mechanical, applied to the floating part and that in addition the arm can be oriented with respect to the vertical pivoting axis, especially according to wind and current.
  • a predetermined inclination for example selected of the order of 20 to 45 or more, as the case may require
  • FIG. l shows in diagrammatic elevation one embodiment of a system for mooring buoys constructed according to the invention
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate diagrammatically two variations of the embodiment of FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 show in schematic manner, respectively in elevation, in partial side view and in plan view showing only the buoy, an embodiment of a buoy mooring system with transfer of liquid from a reservoir (well, etc.), said system being constructed according to the invention;
  • FIG. 7 shows in elevation another embodiment of a system of the same type according to the invention.
  • FIG. 8 shows similarly and partially a variation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 9 shows in diagrammatic elevation another embodiment of a system of the same type, with automatic actuation of the drum
  • FIG. 10 illustrates diagrammatically another embodiment according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 11 and 112 show in diagrammatic manner, respectively in elevation and in partial plan view, a barge anchored according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 13 and 14 show in diagrammatic elevation respectively in a transporting position and in assembled position, a buoy mooring system constructed according to another embodiment of the invention
  • FIGS. 15 and 316 show respectively, and partially, in elevation and in diagrammatic plan view, the assembly of an oil tanker and a mooring pontoon anchored and constructed according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 17 and 18 show similarly an assembly of the same type, in which the pontoon has become an unloading quay.
  • FIG. 19 shows in diagrammatic elevation a mooring buoy constructed according toanother embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. 20 and 21 illustrate similarly and partially a similar arrangement, of an embodiment, in the application of the invention to a barge, respectively according to two variations.
  • the floating body particularly the mooring buoy 1 (FIG. 1), is connected to an anchoring base 2 fixed to the sea-bed 3 (or for example also to a submarine storage reservoir), by at least one arm 4 to which the said buoy is preferably rigidly fixed whilst it is articulated on the said base, the assembly being effected so that for the normal floating position, the said arm has, with respect to the vertical axis Z Z of the anchoring point, a certain inclination A, selected for example in a certain range of the order particularly of 20 to 45 or even as the case requires (especially 30).
  • the tractive force F applied by the ship on the cable 5 fixed to the mooring post such as 6, tends to increase the angle inclination A, by making the arm A pivot around its horizontal axis of articulation 7 (as indicated in discontinuous line, in very exaggerated fashion, in FIG. 1), but this variation is counterbalanced by the increase in the hydrostatic thrust on the floating body 1 which is urged to be immersed. It is noted that this correcting reaction is all greater as the angle A is selected initially and by construction, to be greater. For a suitable angle, which it will be up to the operator to determine, the variations remain very limited.
  • the effects of the swell will also be relatively limited, and the buoy will in any case be stable, in the case represented both in FIG. 1 and in FIGS. 2 to 9, where the floating body is rigidly fixed to the arm 4.
  • FIG. 3 shows an intermediate solution comprising, at the base of the vertical column constituting the body 1, a compensating float element 9.
  • This device will generally be indispensable to enable the assembly to orient itself freely in the wind, and without any secondary reaction or any difficulty of mooring resulting.
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 show a buoy 1 provided with two winding drums 11 for flexible members 12 intended for the transfer of petrol and capable of being connected to at least one supply pipe 13, which can come for example from a storage reservoir on the mainland or the submarine floor, from a petroleum well, etc.
  • Rotary joints such as 14 and 15 are provided at the base to enable free pivoting of the arm; a connecting pipe 16 running the length of the arm ends at the drums 11.
  • the mooring post 6 is arranged in the usual manner.
  • the volume of the buoy 1 is compartmentalized to receive auxiliary equipment such as an electrogenerator or hydraulic assembly, pumps, etc.
  • FIG. 4 there is seen in FIG. 4 one of the possible embodiments of the pivot with the vertical axis 10.
  • This pivot is arranged in a form of rollers of a rotary plate, which rollers are interposed between a base 17 receiving the articulation 7 and a bottom plate I8 which is fixed to the bed plate 2 anchored to the bed.
  • a pointed outer defence on the mooring side, may be provided to facilitate the throwing off of the buoy from one edge or the other of a ship colliding with the surface.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate other solutions capable of being used for the production of rotary joints between the supply pipe and the buoy.
  • the oil tanker pipe 13 rises vertically, along the axis ZZ, following an extension 19 including, at its base, a flexible pipe 20 to enable oscillations of the arm 40 to be followed.
  • This extension l9 may be borne by a framework 21 rigidly fixed to the buoy l with, if necessary, a windbrace arm 22.
  • the manipulation of the winding drums for the flexible tubes 12, in the same way as the manipulation of any equipment members, can be done by means especially of hydraulic mechanisms supplied by a central station installed in the float.
  • the drum 11 is placed in action by means of a hydraulic motor system shown at 27.
  • This motor 27 is supplied from a hydraulic tube 28 connected to the said motor as well as to an oil reserve 29, this pump having its piston or other member similar thereto actuated by a connecting rod 30 linked to a fixed point 31.
  • FIG. 9 A variation of this feature is shown to the right of FIG. 9. It is seen that the pump referenced here by 281 is operable by a connecting rod 30 from an arm 32 ending at a float 33.
  • the oscillations of the assembly of the arm 4 and the buoy 1 involve corresponding oscillations of the arm 32 actuating the pump 281.
  • the barge l is articulated, universally, at 34 on an arm 4 such as considered above.
  • This barge could include for example, a derrick 35.
  • the advantage of such an arrangement is that the assembly may be brought to the work-site where anchorage is to be effected with the arm 4 folded underneath the barge, linked with a hoisting cable 36.
  • the arm 4 On anchorage, and after having fixed on the bed a bed-plate 2, including advantageously guides 37, for positioning in the bottom plate 18 of the pivot, the arm 4 is lowered and it is arranged for the plate 18 to be positioned exactly at the desired spot by being guided by the guides 37, after which the whole is locked in place by bolts 38 (FIG. 12) passing through the said guides.
  • the same operation is carried out in reverse direction, when it is desired to transport the barge to another place.
  • Such an assembly is particularly easy to manipulate.
  • the buoy or barge 1 is normally rigidly fixed to the arm 4, it is arranged so that, when desired, the linkage between the buoy 1 and the arm 4 may be brought back to an articulation around a horizontal axis, so that thus the arm 4 may be towed in a substantially horizontal direction, as shown in FIG. 13.
  • any suitable means may be employed. It will generally suffice, on one hand, to provide a sufficiently robust horizontal articulation, whilst in addition there is provided between points such as 41 and 42, mechanical fixing means of any suitable type, adapted to ensure, in the mounted position (FIG. 14), the rigid fixing and locking at 43.
  • the anchoring base 2 is constituted by one or several hollow bodies capable of being filled with liquid on immersion.
  • this base-plate 2 can be made floating, so that it supports, at least partly, the weight of the arm 4.
  • any suitable means adapted to support and to ensure the descent of the base 2 and of the arm include for example a winch system 44 supportable by a floating body 45.
  • FIGS. 115 and 16 show an assembly also according to the invention, more especially in the case where the floating system is constituted by a barge or a pontoon provided with handling means.
  • a mast capable of being, if necessary, brought into extracted position for mounting (position shown in interrupted line in FIG. 15 or in folded position (position shown in full line),
  • the arm 4 is articulated under the pontoon at 34.
  • the arm 4 is brought into a horizontal position by means of the mast 35 and of the corresponding winch.
  • FIGS. 17 and 18 Another embodiment of the invention, according to which the floating system 1 takes the form of an elongated quay, alongside which a ship may be brought and there moored by any mooring means such as shown at 48.
  • the one or more arms 4 are articulated at 34 below the floating system 1 forming a quay and, in the course of towing, they can be folded back. under the said quay, the end adjacent to the pivot 17, 10 being lifted by any suitable means such as described above.
  • the floating system for example that of FIGS. 17 and 18, could be produced in any other manner than that shown.
  • it could be constituted by a tubular trellis frame borne by floats. The assembly would thus be lighter and less sensitive to the effects of the swell.
  • connection between the arm 4 and the anchoring base 2 is effected by a universal articulation, which prevent the arm 4 from turning around its longitudinal axis, which joint is shown at 50 in FIG. 19.
  • FIG. 19 showing two extreme positions of the arm 4 on both sides of the vertical Z-Z passing through the universal joint, that the buoy proper 52 turns around the axis x x of its pivot, when passing from one to the other of these positions.
  • this rotation is effected automatically, due to the fact that the center of gravity G of the pivoting buoy 52 will be situated below the axis x x of the said pivot.
  • servo means may be provided to actuate the pivoting around the axis x x, as a function of the rotation of the arm 4 around the axis Z Z.
  • Such a barge is shown at 1, FIGS. 20 and 21.
  • the articulation 54 is provided on a sort of cradle 57.
  • it is provided on an intermediate part arranged in the same structure of the barge. Any other embodiment may be conceived.
  • the head 55, 56 instead of ending at the centre of the barge, could be articulated to one end of the latter.
  • the invention can be used in any other applications.
  • it could be applied to buoys intended for marking out navigation channels.
  • a conventional buoy is attached to a chain of which the length is of the order of three times the depth of water, so that its apparent position has an uncertainty equal to the diameter of the width of channel, hence in space of the order of six times the depth of water.
  • the uncertainty can be reduced to twice or three times the depth.
  • an anchoring base having fixing means to fix it to the sea bed
  • said arm being adapted to resist forces applied to said floating unit by wind, swell, current and a moored ship,
  • said system being so-dimensioned so that, taking into account the depth of the sea bed, said arm takes an inclination to the vertical from about to about 45 2.
  • Method for transporting a jsystem according to claim 9 to a work site comprising rendering said base buoyant, connecting said floating unit to said base by means of said arm and towing the resulting assembly to the work site.
  • said arm being adapted to be hinged to the floating unit at least during towing and placing in position, wherein the floating unit carries lifting appliances for positioning the arm and the base.
  • the floating unit is a mooring buoy
  • said system including at least one winding drum for a flexible tube adapted to be connected to a ship, and said drum being fed from the bed by pipes including articulated joints.
  • the feed pipe coming from the bed includes first a vertical extension arranged along the pivoting axis, and a joint is provided at the upper part of said extension to feed a pipe going towards the buoy.
  • the floating unit is made to include at least one support arm extending outwardly and intended to support flexible pipes ensuring the connection with a ship.
  • System according to claim 28 including a servo system adapted to pivot said part arranged at the end of the arm, as a function of the pivoting of the arm around the vertical axis passing through its lower articulation.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)
US00294162A 1969-05-06 1972-10-02 Floating systems, especially mooring buoys, for anchoring to the sea-bed Expired - Lifetime US3774253A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR6914351A FR2041621A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-05-06 1969-05-06
FR6937812A FR2070256A6 (en) 1969-11-04 1969-11-04 Floating systems - partic for use in oil well installations

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US3774253A true US3774253A (en) 1973-11-27

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US00294162A Expired - Lifetime US3774253A (en) 1969-05-06 1972-10-02 Floating systems, especially mooring buoys, for anchoring to the sea-bed

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US (1) US3774253A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA936374A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE2021254A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1298888A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7006583A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE374324B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3916812A (en) * 1972-12-20 1975-11-04 Weser Dt197212202262240 Ag Offshore marine station
US3943871A (en) * 1974-03-22 1976-03-16 Kazuhide Tanaka Submerging system for marine structure
US3961490A (en) * 1973-12-21 1976-06-08 Compagnie Francaise Des Petroles Anchorage of floating structures
US3975784A (en) * 1973-08-09 1976-08-24 Marine Consultants Pty., Ltd. Marine structure
US4019213A (en) * 1972-11-09 1977-04-26 Coflexip Piping apparatus for a floating or semi-submersible platform
US4025976A (en) * 1975-02-17 1977-05-31 Ingenieursbureau Marcon (Marine Consultants) B. V. Submarine pivoting structure with ducting
US4202372A (en) * 1976-12-01 1980-05-13 Fmc Corporation Articulated fluid conduit with auxiliary support
US4387660A (en) * 1979-07-17 1983-06-14 Morrison-Knudsen Company, Inc. Single point mooring
US4406636A (en) * 1978-11-14 1983-09-27 Heijst Willem J Van Single-point mooring systems
US4573425A (en) * 1979-09-04 1986-03-04 Amtel, Inc. Rapidly installable mooring and cargo transfer system
US4786266A (en) * 1985-07-17 1988-11-22 British Aerospace Public Limited Company Open sea transfer of fluids
USRE33434E (en) * 1979-09-04 1990-11-13 Amtel, Inc. Rapidly installable mooring and cargo system
WO1996007583A1 (en) * 1994-09-09 1996-03-14 Marine Consulting Group A.S Method and device for offshore oil transfer
US6332500B1 (en) * 1996-02-21 2001-12-25 Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap A. S. Anchor system for the transfer of fluids
US20030097778A1 (en) * 2001-11-29 2003-05-29 Pippert Joel James Watercraft stabilizing system
US20080078319A1 (en) * 2006-09-28 2008-04-03 Raymond Howard Hebden Floating pontoon berthing facility for ferries and ships
US20100326667A1 (en) * 2009-04-24 2010-12-30 Ton Coppens Production of hydrocarbons
US20120037265A1 (en) * 2010-08-13 2012-02-16 Horton Wison Deepwater, Inc. Offshore fluid offloading systems and methods
US20130153083A1 (en) * 2011-12-20 2013-06-20 Xuejie Liu System and Method for Fluids Transfer between Ship and Shore
CN115817717A (zh) * 2023-01-05 2023-03-21 浙江运达风电股份有限公司 一种漂浮式风机的摆锤式系泊装置和漂浮式风机

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58199285A (ja) * 1982-05-13 1983-11-19 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 傾斜スパツド式作業船
GB2467779A (en) * 2009-02-14 2010-08-18 Vulcan Sfm Ltd Attachment means for an anchoring assembly for a water-borne structure
CN112556792A (zh) * 2020-12-24 2021-03-26 邱爱平 一种用于自动监测河底淤泥的淤积状态的方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2863293A (en) * 1954-09-21 1958-12-09 Noble Drilling Corp Marine drilling rig
US3461924A (en) * 1963-11-12 1969-08-19 Fmc Corp Method and apparatus for offshore transfer of fluid
US3472293A (en) * 1964-01-10 1969-10-14 Fmc Corp Mooring and fluid transferring method and apparatus
US3722223A (en) * 1971-07-22 1973-03-27 Continental Oil Co Submersible single point mooring facility

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2863293A (en) * 1954-09-21 1958-12-09 Noble Drilling Corp Marine drilling rig
US3461924A (en) * 1963-11-12 1969-08-19 Fmc Corp Method and apparatus for offshore transfer of fluid
US3472293A (en) * 1964-01-10 1969-10-14 Fmc Corp Mooring and fluid transferring method and apparatus
US3722223A (en) * 1971-07-22 1973-03-27 Continental Oil Co Submersible single point mooring facility

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4019213A (en) * 1972-11-09 1977-04-26 Coflexip Piping apparatus for a floating or semi-submersible platform
US3916812A (en) * 1972-12-20 1975-11-04 Weser Dt197212202262240 Ag Offshore marine station
US3975784A (en) * 1973-08-09 1976-08-24 Marine Consultants Pty., Ltd. Marine structure
US3961490A (en) * 1973-12-21 1976-06-08 Compagnie Francaise Des Petroles Anchorage of floating structures
US3943871A (en) * 1974-03-22 1976-03-16 Kazuhide Tanaka Submerging system for marine structure
US4025976A (en) * 1975-02-17 1977-05-31 Ingenieursbureau Marcon (Marine Consultants) B. V. Submarine pivoting structure with ducting
US4202372A (en) * 1976-12-01 1980-05-13 Fmc Corporation Articulated fluid conduit with auxiliary support
US4406636A (en) * 1978-11-14 1983-09-27 Heijst Willem J Van Single-point mooring systems
US4387660A (en) * 1979-07-17 1983-06-14 Morrison-Knudsen Company, Inc. Single point mooring
USRE33434E (en) * 1979-09-04 1990-11-13 Amtel, Inc. Rapidly installable mooring and cargo system
US4573425A (en) * 1979-09-04 1986-03-04 Amtel, Inc. Rapidly installable mooring and cargo transfer system
US4786266A (en) * 1985-07-17 1988-11-22 British Aerospace Public Limited Company Open sea transfer of fluids
WO1996007583A1 (en) * 1994-09-09 1996-03-14 Marine Consulting Group A.S Method and device for offshore oil transfer
US6332500B1 (en) * 1996-02-21 2001-12-25 Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap A. S. Anchor system for the transfer of fluids
US20030097778A1 (en) * 2001-11-29 2003-05-29 Pippert Joel James Watercraft stabilizing system
US20080078319A1 (en) * 2006-09-28 2008-04-03 Raymond Howard Hebden Floating pontoon berthing facility for ferries and ships
US7461611B2 (en) 2006-09-28 2008-12-09 Raymond Howard Hebden Floating pontoon berthing facility for ferries and ships
US20100326667A1 (en) * 2009-04-24 2010-12-30 Ton Coppens Production of hydrocarbons
US20120037265A1 (en) * 2010-08-13 2012-02-16 Horton Wison Deepwater, Inc. Offshore fluid offloading systems and methods
US9359187B2 (en) * 2010-08-13 2016-06-07 Horton Do Brasil Technologia Offshore, Ltda. Offshore fluid offloading systems and methods
US20130153083A1 (en) * 2011-12-20 2013-06-20 Xuejie Liu System and Method for Fluids Transfer between Ship and Shore
US8915271B2 (en) * 2011-12-20 2014-12-23 Xuejie Liu System and method for fluids transfer between ship and storage tank
CN115817717A (zh) * 2023-01-05 2023-03-21 浙江运达风电股份有限公司 一种漂浮式风机的摆锤式系泊装置和漂浮式风机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1298888A (en) 1972-12-06
NL7006583A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-11-10
SE374324B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-03-03
CA936374A (en) 1973-11-06
DE2021254A1 (de) 1970-11-19
DE2065231A1 (de) 1972-12-14

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