US3773098A - Method of static mixing to produce metal foam - Google Patents

Method of static mixing to produce metal foam Download PDF

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Publication number
US3773098A
US3773098A US00223547A US3773098DA US3773098A US 3773098 A US3773098 A US 3773098A US 00223547 A US00223547 A US 00223547A US 3773098D A US3773098D A US 3773098DA US 3773098 A US3773098 A US 3773098A
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Prior art keywords
tube
baffles
mixer
ingredients
orifice
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00223547A
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English (en)
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E Rock
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/08—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by contacting the fibres or filaments with molten metal, e.g. by infiltrating the fibres or filaments placed in a mould
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
    • C22C1/083—Foaming process in molten metal other than by powder metallurgy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S366/00—Agitating
    • Y10S366/604—Lather maker
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12479—Porous [e.g., foamed, spongy, cracked, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12486—Laterally noncoextensive components [e.g., embedded, etc.]

Definitions

  • foam metal and, more particularly, foam metal having high concentrations of particulate fibrous or non-fibrous material incorporated therein may be prepared without need for such high energy inputs.
  • foam metal and, more particularly, foam metal having high concentrations of particulate fibrous or non-fibrous material incorporated therein may be prepared without need for such high energy inputs.
  • only very gentle mixing is necessary.
  • a mixer which contains no moving parts and consists in the most general case of a hollow tube having a plurality of baffles extending across the interior.
  • baffles each of which is a flat sheet twisted through one-half turn with the axis of the twist lying on the axis of the tube.
  • baffle member is installed with ts leading edge oriented at 90 to the trailing edge of the next previous baffle member.
  • such a mixing device is operated partly empty as more fully described hereinafter to obviate difficulties encountered with such sharp particulate material as the foaming agent and with fibrous material such as steel or glass fibers which may be added.
  • Another object is an improved method for mixing ingredients for providing metal foam bodies.
  • Another object is an improved method for incorporating high proportions of high melting fibrous members in metal foam bodies.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional elevation of one embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional elevation of another embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional elevation of another embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional elevation of another embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 a mixing device indicated generally as 1 comprising hollow cylindrical tube 2 containing baffles 3 which, as shown, may be retained within tube 2 by any suitable means such as by use of an adhesive such as an epoxy resin, by furnace brazing, by sweating or the like.
  • baffles 3 may as shown consist of a flat piece of metal twisted through 180, that is, given turn of twist, with the axis of each being coincident with the axis of the tube. Other shapes of baffles may suitably be used.
  • molten eutectic alloy 5 of 65 percent aluminum and 35 percent magnesium is poured from crucible 6 into the top of mixer 1 and granular titanium hydride 7 in the ratio of 1 part of hydride to 10 parts of alloy is fed from vibratory feeder
  • the flow rate of alloy and hydride is so adjusted in conjunction with the size of orifice 12 at the bottom of tube 2 that the liquid level 10 of the mixture 1 l of alloy and hydride within tube 2 is below the uppermost three of baffles 3, By suitable choice of flow rates and orifice size the liquid head above the orifice and consequently the liquid height may be maintained relatively stable.
  • the mixture 11 thus produced may be fed to mixer l which may correspond to mixer l and may comprise tube 2' having orifice l2 and baffles 3' which may correspond to tube 2, orifice l2 and baffles 3.
  • mixer 1' may also be fed molten metal 13, such as aluminum (in a preferred embodiment in the ratio of 9 parts to one part of mixture 11) from crucible l4.
  • Fibrous particulate members 15 such as 28 gauge steel wires having an average length of 3/8 inches may be added to mixer 1 from vibratory feeder 16 in any suitable ratio such as 25 parts to parts of aluminum.
  • input flow rates to mixer 1' may be adjusted in conjunction with the size of orifice 12 to provide a relatively static head and therefore relatively stationary liquid level 22 which is preferably located below at least three of baffles 3.
  • molten materials 11 and 13 are mixed with fibers 15 in at least three stages provided by three of non-submerged baffies 3 prior to reaching liquid level 22 so that fibers 15 are sufficiently wetted and dispersed in molten metal prior to reaching liquid level 22 that they do not form birds-nests and do not float on the liquid surface.
  • the mixture 21 produced in mixer 1' may partially foam in the mixer.
  • Mixture 21 may be fed from orifice 12 to mold 23' wherein it may further foam and then may cool and solidify to form a molten metal body having the above described fibers incorporated therein.
  • a mixer indicated generally as 1" utilized in the process of the invention may correspond to mixer l with the exception that no orifice is provided at the bottom of tube 2" which otherwise corresponds to tube 2.
  • foaming agent 25, molten metal 26 and fibrous particles 27 may be added at such rates that tube 2" is never filled and none of baffles 3 therein are at any time entirely submerged and thus all possible problems with floating of either granular foaming agent or fibrous particles on a molten metal surface are entirely eliminated
  • Mixture 29 thus produced may be introduced to mold 33 and may then foam, then cool and solidify therein to provide a suitable molten metal body having fibrous particles disposed therein.
  • a mixer 1 may be similar or identical to mixer 1" or mixer 1. As shown, no ori fice may be provided at its lower end or in certain instances an orifice such as orifice 12 may be provided. Mixer 1" is oriented slantwise as shown and is provided with baffles 3.
  • mixer 1' There may be introduced to the upper end of mixer 1' a stream of molten aluminum 34 from pump 35, a stream 36 of molten eutectic alloy of aluminum and magnesium having 12 percent zirconium hydride foaming agent incorporated therein from pump 37 and a stream of fibrous glass particles 38 from vibratory feeder 39.
  • the rates of introduction of the ingredients are preferably adjusted in relation to the pressure drop across baffles 3 such that an inclined liquid level 40 is provided and less than all, specifically at least 3 of bafiles 3 are not fully submerged, accordingly, the ingredients are sufficiently thoroughly mixed prior to reaching the area at which the baffles are entirely submerged that problems of separation of ingredients prior to undergoing initial mixing are obviated.
  • the mixture 41 thus produced may foam in part within mixer 1".
  • Mixture 41, after passing through mixer 1", may be introduced into mold 43 wherein it may further foam and may then cool and solidify to provide a metal foam body as above described.
  • a mixing device indicated generally as 51 comprises a tube 2" which corresponds to tube 2" except that it is conical.
  • Baffles 3" therein may, if desired, correspond to baffles 3 except for being shaped to conform to the internal conical walls of tube 2".
  • Molten metal 54 from pump 55, molten eutectic alloy 56 from pump 57 and fibers 58 from vibratory feeder 59 may be introduced into the top of tube 2" at such rates that a relatively stationary liquid head and corresponding liquid level 60 is provided, leaving at least three of baffles 3" partially exposed and less than entirely submerged to obviate problems of one ingredient floating on the surface of another in such manner as to reduce mixing effectiveness.
  • Foaming agent may be incorporated in alloy 56.
  • Mixture 62 flowing from mixer 51 may be introduced to mold 63 wherein it may foam and may then cool and solidify to provide a molten metal body as above described.
  • mixer 1 may operate either mixer 1", mixer 1 or mixer 51 in place of mixer 1 or mixer 1'.
  • the invention is not restricted to either the operation of two mixers in series as described in connection with FIG. 1 nor to the oper ation of only one mixer as described in conjunction with FIG. 2, 3 or 4.
  • the invention relates critically and particularly to the method of operating a mixer of the general type herein described in the manner herein described, namely, so that all or at least some and more particularly at least 3 of the baffle members are partially exposed or not completely submerged.
  • Such operation may be facilitated by providing the mixer with an output orifice, by providing the mixer in conical form or by orienting the mixer slantwise.
  • ingredients are mixed by flowing them over unsubmerged baffles either for a portion of their travel or for the entirety of their travel through the device.
  • the process of the invention is particularly applicable for particulate materials which cannot be pumped and especially applicable for mixing particulate materials with liquids in instances where the particulate materials are fibrous or sharp-cornered and not only cannot be pumped but are difficult to feed in any manner whatever and furthermore tend to birds-nest and tend to float on the surface of the liquid with which they are to be mixed.
  • Such floating need not be by reason of being lighter in density than the liquid but may result from slowness in wetting whereby surface tension supports the particulate material.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
US00223547A 1972-02-04 1972-02-04 Method of static mixing to produce metal foam Expired - Lifetime US3773098A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US22354772A 1972-02-04 1972-02-04

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JP (1) JPS5526173B2 (ref)

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3973758A (en) * 1975-02-10 1976-08-10 Northwest Molded Products Corporation Conveying and mixing apparatus
US4183681A (en) * 1978-05-19 1980-01-15 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Emulsion preparation method using a packed tube emulsifier
US4396180A (en) * 1980-08-01 1983-08-02 Centro Ricerche Fiat S.P.A. High capacity device for the preparation of a mixture comprising a solid phase and a liquid phase of a metal alloy
US4434839A (en) 1978-11-27 1984-03-06 Secretary Of State In Her Brtannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Process for producing metallic slurries
GB2199522A (en) * 1986-12-20 1988-07-13 British Steel Corp Introducing additives to molten metal in flow
US5046538A (en) * 1988-09-26 1991-09-10 Fluid Packaging Co., Inc. Mixing valve nozzle
US5470416A (en) * 1992-04-16 1995-11-28 The Budd Company Bonding method using mixture of adhesive and non-compressible beads
US6074506A (en) * 1992-04-16 2000-06-13 The Budd Company Method of bonding using non-compressible beads
US6162310A (en) * 1998-08-05 2000-12-19 Tseng; Shao-Chien Method for producing porous sponge like metal of which the shapes and sizes of pores are controllable
US6358345B1 (en) * 1999-11-16 2002-03-19 Shao-Chien Tseng Method for producing porous sponge like metal of which density of pores is controllable
US6540393B1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2003-04-01 Alkermes Controlled Therapeutics Inc. Ii Apparatus for preparing microparticles using in-line solvent extraction
US20030133357A1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2003-07-17 Alkermes Controlled Therapeutics Inc. Ii Method and apparatus for preparing microparticles using in-line solvent extraction
US20030185098A1 (en) * 2000-10-17 2003-10-02 Reto Koch Static mixer and method for mixing a main component with an additive
US6696147B1 (en) 1992-04-16 2004-02-24 Thyssenkrupp Budd Company Beaded adhesive and flanged part made therefrom
US20040035502A1 (en) * 2002-05-20 2004-02-26 James Kang Foamed structures of bulk-solidifying amorphous alloys
US20040079198A1 (en) * 2002-05-16 2004-04-29 Bryant J Daniel Method for producing foamed aluminum products
US20040163492A1 (en) * 2001-05-17 2004-08-26 Crowley Mark D Method for producing foamed aluminum products
US6840302B1 (en) * 1999-04-21 2005-01-11 Kobe Steel, Ltd. Method and apparatus for injection molding light metal alloy
US6854506B2 (en) * 2001-05-16 2005-02-15 Goldschmidt Ag Process for producing shaped metal parts
US6874562B2 (en) * 2001-06-07 2005-04-05 Goldschmidt Ag Process for producing metal/metal foam composite components
US20070267167A1 (en) * 2003-04-14 2007-11-22 James Kang Continuous Casting of Foamed Bulk Amorphous Alloys
US20080080303A1 (en) * 2006-10-03 2008-04-03 Anemos Company Ltd. Fluid mixer, fluid mixing apparatus, and nozzle member
US7621314B2 (en) 2003-01-17 2009-11-24 California Institute Of Technology Method of manufacturing amorphous metallic foam
DE19504482B4 (de) * 1995-02-10 2010-04-01 Martinrea Industries, Inc., Manchester Verfahren und Einrichtung zum klebenden Verbinden unter Verwendung nicht komprimierbarer Teilchen
US20140247687A1 (en) * 2013-03-04 2014-09-04 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Fluid stirrer, method of stirring fluid and method of preparing toner
US20150016211A1 (en) * 2013-07-09 2015-01-15 Wenger Manufacturing, Inc. Steam/water static mixer injector for extrusion equipment

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2322581A (en) * 1938-01-22 1943-06-22 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Manufacture of cellular bodies
US2354807A (en) * 1937-12-24 1944-08-01 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Manufacture of vesicular glass
US2895819A (en) * 1957-09-03 1959-07-21 Bjorksten Res Lab Inc Method for preparing a catalytic metal foam and use thereof
US2930767A (en) * 1957-08-26 1960-03-29 Ohio Commw Eng Co Metal particles and method of making
US2983597A (en) * 1959-06-11 1961-05-09 Lor Corp Metal foam and method for making
US3055763A (en) * 1958-07-10 1962-09-25 Jack R Kreigh Metal-aggregate product
US3224846A (en) * 1962-09-24 1965-12-21 Lor Corp Light weight structural material and means for making
US3617594A (en) * 1969-06-06 1971-11-02 Specialty Converters Manufacture of foam-filled sheet products

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2354807A (en) * 1937-12-24 1944-08-01 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Manufacture of vesicular glass
US2322581A (en) * 1938-01-22 1943-06-22 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Manufacture of cellular bodies
US2930767A (en) * 1957-08-26 1960-03-29 Ohio Commw Eng Co Metal particles and method of making
US2895819A (en) * 1957-09-03 1959-07-21 Bjorksten Res Lab Inc Method for preparing a catalytic metal foam and use thereof
US3055763A (en) * 1958-07-10 1962-09-25 Jack R Kreigh Metal-aggregate product
US2983597A (en) * 1959-06-11 1961-05-09 Lor Corp Metal foam and method for making
US3224846A (en) * 1962-09-24 1965-12-21 Lor Corp Light weight structural material and means for making
US3617594A (en) * 1969-06-06 1971-11-02 Specialty Converters Manufacture of foam-filled sheet products

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Chemical Engineering, Pattison, May 19, 1969, p. 94. *
Fiber Metallurgy Steel, 10 Aug. 1959, pp. 126 128, *

Cited By (51)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3973758A (en) * 1975-02-10 1976-08-10 Northwest Molded Products Corporation Conveying and mixing apparatus
US4183681A (en) * 1978-05-19 1980-01-15 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Emulsion preparation method using a packed tube emulsifier
US4434839A (en) 1978-11-27 1984-03-06 Secretary Of State In Her Brtannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Process for producing metallic slurries
US4396180A (en) * 1980-08-01 1983-08-02 Centro Ricerche Fiat S.P.A. High capacity device for the preparation of a mixture comprising a solid phase and a liquid phase of a metal alloy
GB2199522A (en) * 1986-12-20 1988-07-13 British Steel Corp Introducing additives to molten metal in flow
US5046538A (en) * 1988-09-26 1991-09-10 Fluid Packaging Co., Inc. Mixing valve nozzle
US5783298A (en) * 1992-04-16 1998-07-21 The Budd Company Adhesive mixture with non-compressible beads therein
US5632413A (en) * 1992-04-16 1997-05-27 The Budd Company Adhesive bonding apparatus and method using non-compressible beads
US20040163771A1 (en) * 1992-04-16 2004-08-26 Herring James M. Apparatus for dispensing beaded adhesives
US6074506A (en) * 1992-04-16 2000-06-13 The Budd Company Method of bonding using non-compressible beads
US6180199B1 (en) 1992-04-16 2001-01-30 The Budd Company Beaded adhesive and hem flanged part made therefrom
US5470416A (en) * 1992-04-16 1995-11-28 The Budd Company Bonding method using mixture of adhesive and non-compressible beads
US6696147B1 (en) 1992-04-16 2004-02-24 Thyssenkrupp Budd Company Beaded adhesive and flanged part made therefrom
DE19504482B4 (de) * 1995-02-10 2010-04-01 Martinrea Industries, Inc., Manchester Verfahren und Einrichtung zum klebenden Verbinden unter Verwendung nicht komprimierbarer Teilchen
US6162310A (en) * 1998-08-05 2000-12-19 Tseng; Shao-Chien Method for producing porous sponge like metal of which the shapes and sizes of pores are controllable
US7163046B2 (en) 1999-04-21 2007-01-16 Kobe Steel, Ltd. Method and apparatus for injection molding light metal alloy
US20050006046A1 (en) * 1999-04-21 2005-01-13 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd) Method and apparatus for injection molding light metal alloy
US6840302B1 (en) * 1999-04-21 2005-01-11 Kobe Steel, Ltd. Method and apparatus for injection molding light metal alloy
US6540393B1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2003-04-01 Alkermes Controlled Therapeutics Inc. Ii Apparatus for preparing microparticles using in-line solvent extraction
US20050266091A1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2005-12-01 Alkermes Controlled Therapeutics Inc. Ii Method and apparatus for preparing microparticles using in-line solvent extraction
US6705757B2 (en) * 1999-11-12 2004-03-16 Alkermes Controlled Therapeutics, Inc. Ii Method and apparatus for preparing microparticles using in-line solvent extraction
US20040247688A1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2004-12-09 Lyons Shawn L. Method and apparatus for preparing microparticles using in-line solvent extraction
US7510730B2 (en) * 1999-11-12 2009-03-31 Alkermes, Inc. Apparatus and method for preparing microparticles using in-line solvent extraction
US20080053904A1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2008-03-06 Alkermes, Inc. Apparatus and method for preparing microparticles using in-line solvent extraction
US20080054220A1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2008-03-06 Alkermes, Inc. Apparatus and method for preparing microparticles using in-line solvent extraction
US7300671B2 (en) 1999-11-12 2007-11-27 Alkermes, Inc. Method and apparatus for preparing microparticles using in-line solvent extraction
US20030133357A1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2003-07-17 Alkermes Controlled Therapeutics Inc. Ii Method and apparatus for preparing microparticles using in-line solvent extraction
US6939033B2 (en) 1999-11-12 2005-09-06 Alkermes Controlled Therapeutics, Inc. Ii Method and apparatus for preparing microparticles using in-line solvent extraction
US6358345B1 (en) * 1999-11-16 2002-03-19 Shao-Chien Tseng Method for producing porous sponge like metal of which density of pores is controllable
US6899453B2 (en) * 2000-10-17 2005-05-31 Sika Schweiz Ag Static mixer and method for mixing a main component with an additive
US20030185098A1 (en) * 2000-10-17 2003-10-02 Reto Koch Static mixer and method for mixing a main component with an additive
US6854506B2 (en) * 2001-05-16 2005-02-15 Goldschmidt Ag Process for producing shaped metal parts
US20040163492A1 (en) * 2001-05-17 2004-08-26 Crowley Mark D Method for producing foamed aluminum products
US6874562B2 (en) * 2001-06-07 2005-04-05 Goldschmidt Ag Process for producing metal/metal foam composite components
US20040079198A1 (en) * 2002-05-16 2004-04-29 Bryant J Daniel Method for producing foamed aluminum products
US20040035502A1 (en) * 2002-05-20 2004-02-26 James Kang Foamed structures of bulk-solidifying amorphous alloys
US7073560B2 (en) * 2002-05-20 2006-07-11 James Kang Foamed structures of bulk-solidifying amorphous alloys
US7621314B2 (en) 2003-01-17 2009-11-24 California Institute Of Technology Method of manufacturing amorphous metallic foam
USRE45658E1 (en) 2003-01-17 2015-08-25 Crucible Intellectual Property, Llc Method of manufacturing amorphous metallic foam
USRE44426E1 (en) * 2003-04-14 2013-08-13 Crucible Intellectual Property, Llc Continuous casting of foamed bulk amorphous alloys
US7588071B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2009-09-15 Liquidmetal Technologies, Inc. Continuous casting of foamed bulk amorphous alloys
US20070267167A1 (en) * 2003-04-14 2007-11-22 James Kang Continuous Casting of Foamed Bulk Amorphous Alloys
US20080080303A1 (en) * 2006-10-03 2008-04-03 Anemos Company Ltd. Fluid mixer, fluid mixing apparatus, and nozzle member
US20140247687A1 (en) * 2013-03-04 2014-09-04 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Fluid stirrer, method of stirring fluid and method of preparing toner
US20150016211A1 (en) * 2013-07-09 2015-01-15 Wenger Manufacturing, Inc. Steam/water static mixer injector for extrusion equipment
US9713893B2 (en) * 2013-07-09 2017-07-25 Wenger Manufacturing, Inc. Method of preconditioning comestible materials using steam/water static mixer
US9776355B1 (en) * 2013-07-09 2017-10-03 Wenger Manufacturing, Inc. Extruder with static mixer injector
US9776356B1 (en) * 2013-07-09 2017-10-03 Wenger Manufacturing, Inc. Method of extruder operation using static mixer injector
US20170297249A1 (en) * 2013-07-09 2017-10-19 Wenger Manufacturing, Inc. Method of extruder operation using static mixer injector
US9908090B2 (en) * 2013-07-09 2018-03-06 Wenger Manufacturing, Inc. Steam/water static mixer injector for preconditioners
US9981416B1 (en) * 2013-07-09 2018-05-29 Wenger Manufacturing, Inc. Extruder with static mixer injector

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5526173B2 (ref) 1980-07-11
JPS4888005A (ref) 1973-11-19

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