US3771967A - Catalytic reactor with monolithic element - Google Patents

Catalytic reactor with monolithic element Download PDF

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Publication number
US3771967A
US3771967A US00207794A US3771967DA US3771967A US 3771967 A US3771967 A US 3771967A US 00207794 A US00207794 A US 00207794A US 3771967D A US3771967D A US 3771967DA US 3771967 A US3771967 A US 3771967A
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United States
Prior art keywords
shell
layer
reactor
set forth
fibrous
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00207794A
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English (en)
Inventor
H Nowak
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Tenneco Inc
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Tenneco Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N3/2853—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing

Definitions

  • a converter adapter exhaus 423/213 214 systems of internal combustion engines comprises a tubular shell having a differentially hardened fibrous [56] References Cited lining to resiliently support, insulate, and secure a monolithic type catalyst element.
  • the invention accomplishes this purpose by use of a nonmetallic fibrous sleeve to mount the monolithic catalyst element on a metal tube or shell which forms a part of the converter reactor structure.
  • the fibrous sleeve is impregnated with a suitable binder, rigidizer, and adhesive which is differentially deposited on drying to bind, bond, and seal the sleeve without destroying its resiliency and thermal and shock insulating properties.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic side elevation partially broken away and partly in section of an internal combustion engine exhaust system incorporating the invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged section of the honeycomb catalyst element of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross section along the line 33 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of another form of the .fibrous wrap, and;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a third form of fibrous wrap.
  • An internalcombustion engine 1 has an exhaust manifold 3 that discharges exhaust gases into an exhaust system 5 that includes an enlarged exhaust pipe section 7 that carries gases to a sound attenuating exhaust gas muffler 9 of a suitable construction which in turn discharges gases into a tailpipe 11 that has an outlet opening 13 through which gases flow to the atmosphere.
  • honeycomb catalyst means are mounted within the metalexhaust pipe 7 which, therefore', serves as a housing or outer shell for the catalyst means.
  • Honeycomb monolithiccataly'st elements for use in elminating undesired constituents in the exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine are known in the art, and one type is described in detail in U. S. Pat. No. 3,441,381.
  • the refractory supports 15 are manufactured so as to have channels or passages 17 that enable gas to pass from the inlet face 19 to the outlet face 21.
  • the desired catalytic material is deposited by a suit.- able process on the walls of the cells of passages 17 so that the exhaust gas is in contactwith the catalyst as it passes through the body 15.
  • the refractory support 15 is relatively brittle and has a different coefficient of expansion than the metallic housing 7,' thereby creating means for resiliently mounting the body 15 inside of a metal shell, such as that illustrated by the exhaust pipe 7.
  • the ring 29 is continuous or integral, whereas the ring 29a of FIG. 4 is shown as an overlapped blanket or wrap of fibrous material 5, and the element 29b is indicated as a spirally wound member of layers which can be paper thin and sufficient in number to build up the desired thickness of the ring.
  • the-fibrous ring is press fitted over the honeycomb body 15 and into the shell 7 so that the natural resiliency of the fibrous material 29 exerts radial pressure on the outside of the body 15 and the inside of the shell 7.
  • the element 15 In atypical assembly the element 15 might be 4 5 inches in diameter and the thickness of ring 29 about% inch before compression and about 3/16 inch after radial compression in assembly with the element 15 and housing 7. Ordinarily, the outer surface of the body 15 is uneven and irregular and the radially compressed fibrous layer 29 conforms itself to these irregularities and prevents bypassing along the length of the outside face of the body 15.
  • the fibrous body is formed from materials that will withstand the relatively high temperatures to which the catalytic elements are subjected in use, thus, asbestos and ceramic fibers may be used. These can be vacuum ring formed as an integral part 29, wet formed from a blanket as the ring 29a, or wrapped from thin paper layers as the element 29b.
  • the materials known under the trademarks Fiberfrax, Kaowool, Cerafiber, and Amosite are typical of materials that contain fibers of'the type desired. Cera Paper", Fiberfrax ceramic paper, and asbestospaper can be used to form the spiral wound element 29b.
  • the fiber layer 29 be impregnated with a suitable adhesive, binder, and rigidizer which, upon hardening, will adhere the fibrous material to the metal shell 7 as well as to the refractory honeycomb 15.
  • the adhesive can be applied in various ways as by brushing, dipping, rolling, spraying, etc. and the amount and composition of the adhesive'are controlled so that it is insufficient to cause deposition on the walls of cells 17 and the desired differential binder concentration or density and hardness is achieved.
  • the liquid adhesive also serves as a means to seal the fibrous layer and the interfaces and to prevent bypassing of gas.
  • the adhesive is preferably a refractory cement that resists the high temperature of operation (up to 2,300 F).
  • the preferred fibers are ceramic and for, these applications an adhesive and rigidizer such as a colloidal solution of silica is preferably used to provide surface hardening, bonding, and resistance to gas flow erosion.
  • the colloidal material such as silica
  • the colloidal material tends to preferentially migrate, concentrate, and settle, due to vaporization of the liquid vehicle, at the exposed ends and faces where, upon hardening, it serves to provide a gas impervious barrier to prevent bypassing or gas flow through the fiber layer along the interfaces, or out of broken cell walls in the outer surface of honeycomb element 15.
  • exhaust gas leaving manifold 3 and entering pipe 7 flows through the honeycomb element 23 where it is treated to remove undesired constituents such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and unburned hydrocarbons. It then passes through the muffler means 9 where it is acoustically treated to remove undesired sound, after which it passes to atmosphere through outlet 13. Gas is prevented from bypassing the element by the hardened binder in the layer 29.
  • the sleeves 29, 29a, and 29b provide a resilient interface between the element 15 and the shell 7 that gives a high degree of mechanical shock resistance and eliminate the need for stringent dimensional tolerances.
  • the high temperature withstanding fibers (such as alumina silica refractory fibers) of the sleeves are stable up to the usual maximum operating temperatures of about 2,300 F so that the reactors are safely positioned and insulated at all normally encountered temperatures.
  • the thermal insulating properties of the layers 29 minimize the temperature of shell 7 to protect the surrounding environment, provide for faster warm-up and better heat retention in the catalyst, minimum cross sectional thermal gradients due to conductive heat loss into the shell, and enable a better selection of metals for use in the shell 7 because of metal isolation from very high temperatures, for example, low grade, low expansion stainless steel might be used.
  • Substantially stress-free relative movement between the elements 15 and shell 7 is provided by layers 29 to accomodate different rates of thermal expansion and contraction.
  • the simple construction of the unit 23 enables the thickness of layers 29 to be readily varied in accordance with the degree of thermal and shock insulation desired.
  • a catalytic reactor for use in exhaust systems of internal combustion engines comprising a porous refractory catalyst element, a tubular metal shell containing said element, and an annular nonmetallic resilient fibrous layer located between the element and shell, said layer being impregnated with a dried out colloidal adhesive, fiber binding and rigidizing solution wherein the colloidal material has been preferentially deposited out adjacent the outermost faces of the layer.
  • a catalytic exhaust reactor comprising a tubular metal shell, a cylindrical fluid pervious frangible catalyst element inside said shell, said shell having an inner surface and said element having an outer surface spaced from said inner surface to provide an annular space between said surfaces, an annular resilient nonmetallic fibrous insulating member in said annular space and in contact with each of said surfaces and serving to mount said element in said shell, and an adhesive binder and rigidizer material dispersed through said fibrous member in heavy concentrations at the outside surfaces thereof to fluid seal the exposed surfaces of the member and to bond the member to the shell and element surfaces, the center portion of said member being resilient and relatively free of said material to maintain resilient support of the element in the shell.
  • a catalytic reactor comprising a tubular metal shell, a gas pervious refractory catalyst element inside said shell and arranged so that flow through the element is substantially axial with respect to the axis of the shell, means resiliently mounting said element inside said shell so that the outer surface of the element is spaced from the inner surface of the shell, said means comprising a nonmetallic resilient fibrous insulating layer in the space between said surfaces, said fibrous layer containing a differentially dispersed solid material deposited on the fibers in heavy concentrations adjacent the exposed surfaces of the layer and adjacent the outer layer surfaces in juxtaposition to said element and shell surfaces and in materially less concentration in the center portion of the layer whereby said center portion is resilient, said deposited material serving to harden and seal said exposed and outer layer surfaces and to bond the outer layer surfaces to said element and shell.
  • hesive material dispersed therein and serving as a fiber binder and rigidizer and to bond the layer to the outer surface and to the shell, said adhesive material being of variable concentration in said layer and being of lower concentration at the inner core of the layer and of higher concentration adjacent the outer surfaces of the layer.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
US00207794A 1971-12-14 1971-12-14 Catalytic reactor with monolithic element Expired - Lifetime US3771967A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US20779471A 1971-12-14 1971-12-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3771967A true US3771967A (en) 1973-11-13

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00207794A Expired - Lifetime US3771967A (en) 1971-12-14 1971-12-14 Catalytic reactor with monolithic element

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3771967A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5522608B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA976375A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2165550A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1418912A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (60)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3861881A (en) * 1971-12-14 1975-01-21 Tenneco Inc Catalyst converter with monolithic element
US3876384A (en) * 1972-03-21 1975-04-08 Zeuna Staerker Kg Reactor containing a resiliently supported catalyst carrier body for the detoxification of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines
US3905775A (en) * 1972-12-12 1975-09-16 Du Pont Module
US3915658A (en) * 1972-11-09 1975-10-28 Arvin Ind Inc Catalytic converter
US3937617A (en) * 1973-07-11 1976-02-10 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Catalytic converter for automotive internal combustion engine
US3938232A (en) * 1973-04-28 1976-02-17 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method of manufacturing catalyst type exhaust gas purifier
US3938959A (en) * 1972-10-20 1976-02-17 Nippon Soken, Inc. Catalyst-type exhaust gas purifying device
US3959865A (en) * 1972-12-08 1976-06-01 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method of containing a resiliently supported rigid ceramic catalyst support
US3961907A (en) * 1972-12-08 1976-06-08 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Catalytic converter
US3963445A (en) * 1972-08-22 1976-06-15 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Exhaust emission control device of the catalyst type
US3978567A (en) * 1973-03-19 1976-09-07 Chrysler Corporation Method of making a catalytic reactor for automobile
US3992157A (en) * 1973-04-11 1976-11-16 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Exhaust gas catalyst mounting
US4002433A (en) * 1973-03-23 1977-01-11 Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft Heat shield for a catalytic emission control device
US4093423A (en) * 1972-10-03 1978-06-06 Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft Catalytic device for the catalytic purification of exhaust gases
US4163042A (en) * 1973-01-13 1979-07-31 T.I. Silencer Services Limited Containers for catalysts for exhaust emission control
US4163041A (en) * 1974-05-29 1979-07-31 J. Eberspacher Support for elastically mounting a ceramic honeycomb catalyst
US4335077A (en) * 1972-03-21 1982-06-15 Zeuna-Staerker Kg Catalyzer for detoxifying exhaust gases from internal combustion engines
US4340505A (en) * 1981-04-28 1982-07-20 Johnson Matthey, Inc. Reducing precious metal use in catalyst substrates
US4344921A (en) * 1972-03-21 1982-08-17 Zeuna-Staerker Kg Catalyzer for detoxifying exhaust gases from internal combustion engines
US4344922A (en) * 1972-03-21 1982-08-17 Zeuna-Staerker Kg Catalyzer for detoxifying exhaust gases from internal combustion
US4346556A (en) * 1980-05-12 1982-08-31 General Motors Corporation Insulating engine exhaust port liner
US4354349A (en) * 1979-09-07 1982-10-19 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust system for an internal combustion engine
US4416674A (en) * 1980-10-27 1983-11-22 Texaco Inc. Filter for treating a particle-carrying gaseous stream
US4436538A (en) 1981-04-22 1984-03-13 Nippon Soken, Inc. Filter for cleaning exhaust gases from diesel engine
WO1993006346A1 (en) * 1991-09-26 1993-04-01 Dry Systems Technologies Improved exhaust treatment system
WO1994024425A1 (en) * 1993-04-22 1994-10-27 The Carborundum Company Mounting mat for fragile structures such as catalytic converters
US5849251A (en) * 1995-07-17 1998-12-15 Timko; Mark Catalytic converter for a tailpipe including apparatus for relieving back pressure
US20010036427A1 (en) * 2000-03-31 2001-11-01 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Cell structure mounting container and assembly thereof
US20030129102A1 (en) * 2002-01-08 2003-07-10 Turek Alan Gerard Exhaust emissions control devices comprising adhesive
US20040057879A1 (en) * 2000-12-28 2004-03-25 Takuma Aizawa Thermal insulating material and pollution control device using the same
US6759015B2 (en) 1999-03-23 2004-07-06 3M Innovative Properties Company Insulated mounting for a pollution control device
US20040134172A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-07-15 Unifrax Corporation Exhaust gas treatment device and method for making the same
US20040258594A1 (en) * 1998-02-06 2004-12-23 Anders Andreasson Catalytic reduction of NOx
US20060008395A1 (en) * 2004-06-29 2006-01-12 Unifrax Corporation Exhaust gas treatment device and method for making the same
US20080175764A1 (en) * 2004-07-15 2008-07-24 Kenji Sako Pollution Control Element Mounting System and Pollution Control Device
US20090025377A1 (en) * 2005-09-08 2009-01-29 3M Innovative Properties Company Holding Material For Pollution Control Element And Pollution Control Apparatus
US20090148356A1 (en) * 2007-12-05 2009-06-11 Ibiden Co., Ltd. Holding member to hold exhaust gas treating element and exhaust gas treating device including the holding member
US8071040B2 (en) 2009-09-23 2011-12-06 Unifax I LLC Low shear mounting mat for pollution control devices
US8075843B2 (en) 2009-04-17 2011-12-13 Unifrax I Llc Exhaust gas treatment device
US8211373B2 (en) 2008-08-29 2012-07-03 Unifrax I Llc Mounting mat with flexible edge protection and exhaust gas treatment device incorporating the mounting mat
US8263512B2 (en) 2008-12-15 2012-09-11 Unifrax I Llc Ceramic honeycomb structure skin coating
US8349265B2 (en) 2010-08-13 2013-01-08 Unifrax I Llc Mounting mat with flexible edge protection and exhaust gas treatment device incorporating the mounting mat
US8404187B1 (en) 1998-03-11 2013-03-26 Unifrax I Llc Support element for fragile structures such as catalytic converters
CN103168156A (zh) * 2010-09-30 2013-06-19 坦尼科汽车营业公司 逐渐减小的切割边缘的垫
US8524161B2 (en) 2007-08-31 2013-09-03 Unifrax I Llc Multiple layer substrate support and exhaust gas treatment device
US8661673B2 (en) 2010-09-30 2014-03-04 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. Method of installing a multi-layer batt, blanket or mat in an exhaust gas aftertreatment or acoustic device
US8679415B2 (en) 2009-08-10 2014-03-25 Unifrax I Llc Variable basis weight mounting mat or pre-form and exhaust gas treatment device
US8734726B2 (en) 2009-12-17 2014-05-27 Unifrax I Llc Multilayer mounting mat for pollution control devices
US8765069B2 (en) 2010-08-12 2014-07-01 Unifrax I Llc Exhaust gas treatment device
US8833062B1 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-09-16 Daimier Ag Catalytic reduction of NOx
US8850802B1 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-10-07 Daimler Ag Catalytic reduction of NOx
US8926911B2 (en) 2009-12-17 2015-01-06 Unifax I LLC Use of microspheres in an exhaust gas treatment device mounting mat
US8951323B2 (en) 2009-09-24 2015-02-10 Unifrax I Llc Multiple layer mat and exhaust gas treatment device
US9120703B2 (en) 2010-11-11 2015-09-01 Unifrax I Llc Mounting mat and exhaust gas treatment device
US9174169B2 (en) 2009-08-14 2015-11-03 Unifrax I Llc Mounting mat for exhaust gas treatment device
US9452719B2 (en) 2015-02-24 2016-09-27 Unifrax I Llc High temperature resistant insulation mat
US9631529B2 (en) 2009-04-21 2017-04-25 Saffil Automotive Limited Erosion resistant mounting mats
US9650935B2 (en) 2009-12-01 2017-05-16 Saffil Automotive Limited Mounting mat
US9816420B2 (en) 2009-12-17 2017-11-14 Unifrax I Llc Mounting mat for exhaust gas treatment device
US9924564B2 (en) 2010-11-11 2018-03-20 Unifrax I Llc Heated mat and exhaust gas treatment device

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5514250B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1972-05-18 1980-04-15
JPS5298008A (en) * 1976-02-13 1977-08-17 Tsuchiya Seisakusho Foamed ceramic supports and manufacture
JPS6017224U (ja) * 1984-03-31 1985-02-05 株式会社　土屋製作所 発泡セラミツク支持体
IT1227802B (it) * 1988-08-03 1991-05-07 Piaggio & C Spa Impianto di scarico dei prodotti della combustione per un motore a combustione interna, con avviatore della postcombustione.
JP4849986B2 (ja) * 2006-07-25 2012-01-11 セイコーインスツル株式会社 携帯時計

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US3189418A (en) * 1964-04-01 1965-06-15 Wright W Gary Catalytic converter
US3248188A (en) * 1963-07-22 1966-04-26 Continental Motors Corp Flame arrester
US3441381A (en) * 1965-06-22 1969-04-29 Engelhard Ind Inc Apparatus for purifying exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine
US3441382A (en) * 1963-02-07 1969-04-29 Engelhard Ind Inc Catalyst cartridge
US3597165A (en) * 1969-06-18 1971-08-03 Engelhard Min & Chem Catalytic exhaust purifier
US3692497A (en) * 1971-05-20 1972-09-19 Engelhard Min & Chem Catalytic exhaust gas treatment apparatus

Patent Citations (6)

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US3441382A (en) * 1963-02-07 1969-04-29 Engelhard Ind Inc Catalyst cartridge
US3248188A (en) * 1963-07-22 1966-04-26 Continental Motors Corp Flame arrester
US3189418A (en) * 1964-04-01 1965-06-15 Wright W Gary Catalytic converter
US3441381A (en) * 1965-06-22 1969-04-29 Engelhard Ind Inc Apparatus for purifying exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine
US3597165A (en) * 1969-06-18 1971-08-03 Engelhard Min & Chem Catalytic exhaust purifier
US3692497A (en) * 1971-05-20 1972-09-19 Engelhard Min & Chem Catalytic exhaust gas treatment apparatus

Cited By (82)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3861881A (en) * 1971-12-14 1975-01-21 Tenneco Inc Catalyst converter with monolithic element
US3876384A (en) * 1972-03-21 1975-04-08 Zeuna Staerker Kg Reactor containing a resiliently supported catalyst carrier body for the detoxification of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines
US4344922A (en) * 1972-03-21 1982-08-17 Zeuna-Staerker Kg Catalyzer for detoxifying exhaust gases from internal combustion
US4344921A (en) * 1972-03-21 1982-08-17 Zeuna-Staerker Kg Catalyzer for detoxifying exhaust gases from internal combustion engines
US4335077A (en) * 1972-03-21 1982-06-15 Zeuna-Staerker Kg Catalyzer for detoxifying exhaust gases from internal combustion engines
US3963445A (en) * 1972-08-22 1976-06-15 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Exhaust emission control device of the catalyst type
US4093423A (en) * 1972-10-03 1978-06-06 Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft Catalytic device for the catalytic purification of exhaust gases
US3938959A (en) * 1972-10-20 1976-02-17 Nippon Soken, Inc. Catalyst-type exhaust gas purifying device
US3915658A (en) * 1972-11-09 1975-10-28 Arvin Ind Inc Catalytic converter
US3961907A (en) * 1972-12-08 1976-06-08 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Catalytic converter
US3959865A (en) * 1972-12-08 1976-06-01 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method of containing a resiliently supported rigid ceramic catalyst support
US3905775A (en) * 1972-12-12 1975-09-16 Du Pont Module
US4163042A (en) * 1973-01-13 1979-07-31 T.I. Silencer Services Limited Containers for catalysts for exhaust emission control
US3978567A (en) * 1973-03-19 1976-09-07 Chrysler Corporation Method of making a catalytic reactor for automobile
US4002433A (en) * 1973-03-23 1977-01-11 Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft Heat shield for a catalytic emission control device
US3992157A (en) * 1973-04-11 1976-11-16 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Exhaust gas catalyst mounting
US3938232A (en) * 1973-04-28 1976-02-17 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method of manufacturing catalyst type exhaust gas purifier
US3937617A (en) * 1973-07-11 1976-02-10 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Catalytic converter for automotive internal combustion engine
US4163041A (en) * 1974-05-29 1979-07-31 J. Eberspacher Support for elastically mounting a ceramic honeycomb catalyst
US4354349A (en) * 1979-09-07 1982-10-19 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust system for an internal combustion engine
US4346556A (en) * 1980-05-12 1982-08-31 General Motors Corporation Insulating engine exhaust port liner
US4416674A (en) * 1980-10-27 1983-11-22 Texaco Inc. Filter for treating a particle-carrying gaseous stream
US4436538A (en) 1981-04-22 1984-03-13 Nippon Soken, Inc. Filter for cleaning exhaust gases from diesel engine
US4340505A (en) * 1981-04-28 1982-07-20 Johnson Matthey, Inc. Reducing precious metal use in catalyst substrates
WO1993006346A1 (en) * 1991-09-26 1993-04-01 Dry Systems Technologies Improved exhaust treatment system
US5488826A (en) * 1991-09-26 1996-02-06 Dry Systems Technologies Heat isolated catalytic reactor
WO1994024425A1 (en) * 1993-04-22 1994-10-27 The Carborundum Company Mounting mat for fragile structures such as catalytic converters
US5580532A (en) * 1993-04-22 1996-12-03 Unifrax Corporation Mounting mat for fragile structures such as catalytic converters
US5666726A (en) * 1993-04-22 1997-09-16 Unifrax Corporation Method of making a mounting mat for fragile structures such as catalytic converters
US5811063A (en) * 1993-04-22 1998-09-22 Unifrax Corporation Mounting mat for fragile structures such as catalytic converters
US5849251A (en) * 1995-07-17 1998-12-15 Timko; Mark Catalytic converter for a tailpipe including apparatus for relieving back pressure
US9073010B2 (en) 1998-02-06 2015-07-07 Daimler Ag Catalytic reduction of NOx
US7498010B2 (en) 1998-02-06 2009-03-03 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Catalytic reduction of NOx
US20040258594A1 (en) * 1998-02-06 2004-12-23 Anders Andreasson Catalytic reduction of NOx
US8480986B2 (en) 1998-02-06 2013-07-09 Daimler Ag Catalytic reduction of NOx
US8404187B1 (en) 1998-03-11 2013-03-26 Unifrax I Llc Support element for fragile structures such as catalytic converters
US6759015B2 (en) 1999-03-23 2004-07-06 3M Innovative Properties Company Insulated mounting for a pollution control device
US20010036427A1 (en) * 2000-03-31 2001-11-01 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Cell structure mounting container and assembly thereof
US20040057879A1 (en) * 2000-12-28 2004-03-25 Takuma Aizawa Thermal insulating material and pollution control device using the same
US7524546B2 (en) * 2000-12-28 2009-04-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Thermal insulating material and pollution control device using the same
US20030129102A1 (en) * 2002-01-08 2003-07-10 Turek Alan Gerard Exhaust emissions control devices comprising adhesive
US20040134172A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-07-15 Unifrax Corporation Exhaust gas treatment device and method for making the same
US7033412B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2006-04-25 Unifrax Corporation Exhaust gas treatment device and method for making the same
US7998422B2 (en) 2004-06-29 2011-08-16 Unifrax I Llc Exhaust gas treatment device
US20060008395A1 (en) * 2004-06-29 2006-01-12 Unifrax Corporation Exhaust gas treatment device and method for making the same
US8182752B2 (en) 2004-06-29 2012-05-22 Unifrax I Llc Exhaust gas treatment device
US7971357B2 (en) 2004-06-29 2011-07-05 Unifrax I Llc Exhaust gas treatment device and method for making the same
US20080175764A1 (en) * 2004-07-15 2008-07-24 Kenji Sako Pollution Control Element Mounting System and Pollution Control Device
US7858051B2 (en) 2004-07-15 2010-12-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Pollution control element mounting system and pollution control device
US7854905B2 (en) 2005-09-08 2010-12-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Holding material for pollution control element and pollution control apparatus
US20090025377A1 (en) * 2005-09-08 2009-01-29 3M Innovative Properties Company Holding Material For Pollution Control Element And Pollution Control Apparatus
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US8524161B2 (en) 2007-08-31 2013-09-03 Unifrax I Llc Multiple layer substrate support and exhaust gas treatment device
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JPS5522608B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1980-06-18
CA976375A (en) 1975-10-21
GB1418912A (en) 1975-12-24
FR2165550A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-08-03
JPS4866566A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-09-12

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