US3771018A - Discharge lamp containing bridge rectifier - Google Patents

Discharge lamp containing bridge rectifier Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3771018A
US3771018A US00250646A US3771018DA US3771018A US 3771018 A US3771018 A US 3771018A US 00250646 A US00250646 A US 00250646A US 3771018D A US3771018D A US 3771018DA US 3771018 A US3771018 A US 3771018A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
diodes
base
end contact
shell
lamp
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00250646A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
N Medendorp
W Lake
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3771018A publication Critical patent/US3771018A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/56—One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the lamp

Definitions

  • one or two of the dio'desof the bridge may have a capacitor connected in parallel. These are small size capacitors since-they need only provide current enough to ignite the discharge and not to maintain the are.
  • the bridge rectifier may also be used along without 'any capacitor.
  • the bridge rectifier After ignition of the lamp, the bridge rectifier continues to operate the lamp or rectified current and the diodes must have current carrying capacity adequate for this burden.
  • the real difficulty arises from the need to provide adequate heat-dissipating capacityfor the diodes. While silicon diodes are used *whichcan withstand a higher operatingtemperaturethangermanium diodes, the problem of assuring adequate heat dissipation in the confined environment of a high intensity discharge lamp whereof both the arcltube and the ballasting filament areintense sources oflheat, has remained acute.
  • one or two of the diodes may be paralleled by a small capacitor.
  • the assembly of the four diodes, and the capacitors when used, is potted in an electrical .resin which also serves to holdthe end contact in the desired spatial relationship relative to the base shell.
  • chip rectifiers are used in place of discrete encapsulated units.
  • the chip rectifiers are stacked between the end contact and the outer face of the base shell with foils inbetween to serve as the conjugate output points.
  • an integral assembly composedof a good heat-dissipating substrate in which chip rectifiers and conductors are embedded is disposedbetweenthe end contact and the shell of the base.
  • FIG. 1 showsschematically the circuit interconnections of the arc tube, ballast filament and bridge rectifier. 7
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a high pressure metal vapor arc lamp whereinthe invention is embodied. in preferred form.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the base showing heat sinking of the diodes to the end contact and to the base shell.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a base extension collar which increases the separation betweenthe hot arctube and 'bridgerectifier in the base.
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b are sidesectional and end views respectively of a base showing a semi-integral bridge assembly constituting a variant of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a side-sectional view of a baseshowing a full integralassembly ofpellet diodes in a heat dissipating substrate.
  • the invention is mose useful when embodied in the base of a self-ballasted highpressure mercury vapor lamp 1 as shown in FIGS. land 2.
  • the lamp 1 comprises an outer glass envelope or. jacket 2 of ovoid shape.
  • the neck 3 of the outer envelope is closed by the usual re-entrant stem 4 through which extend stiff inlead wires 5, 6.
  • the inner arctube 7 of quartz is provided at opposite ends with a pair of main discharge supporting electrodes 8, 9 to which connections are made by ribbon type inleads sealed throughthe flattened ends of the tube.
  • Eachelectrode comprises a l a springy clamp 14. The are tube is supported in the harness by clamping its flat ends between metal bands l5, 16 which are welded to single side rod 12.
  • An incandescibleballast filament 17 is mounted to extend-axially alongside the arctube. It is connected to side rod 12 by conductor 18 and to electrode 8 by conductor 19; an insulated support wire 20 encirclesthe filament near its midpointto provide additional support. Side rod 12 connects main electrode 9 in series with ballast filament 17 to inlead 5 while main electrode 8 is connected directly to inlead 6.
  • the outer envelope is filled with a non-reactive gas, suitably nitrogen, to reduce tungsten evaporation from filament 17.
  • a pair of heat reflector discs 21 is mounted in the neck of the outer envelope just below the stem. These discs are necessary in the version of the lamp intended for base-up operation in order to reduce the temperature of the base and of the rectifier bridge components mounted within it. Zirconium getter rings 22 absorb any deleterious gas, particularly hydrogen, released during operation.
  • arc tube 7 contains a charge of mecury and an inert gas such as argon at a pressure below l millimeters of mercury.
  • the lamp may contain metal halides in addition to the mercury charge, for instande sodium iodide and other metal halides.
  • the electron-emitting material used on the electrodes is thorium oxide.
  • the bridge rectifier comprises diodes D1 to D4 which are preferably silicon diodes.
  • the diodes are commerically available passivated and glass-encapsulated silicon diodes sold by General Electric Company and designated 1N5625. These are axial lead, avalanche type devices rated at 3.0 amperes and having a peak inverse voltage rating of 400 volts.
  • diodes D1 and D2 are mounted vertically in base 23 and depend below end contact 24 to which they are brazed or soldered with extremely short leads. Conveniently, the short leads are passed through holes in the end contact and the upper face of the end contact is covered with solder 25.
  • Diodes D3 and D4 are mounted horizontally within the circular aperture in the dome end of base shell 26 to which they are soldered or brazed with extremely short leads.
  • the assembly utilizes essentially zero lead length for the bridge connections on one side of each one of the four diodes and this gives maximum heat transfer to the end contact and screw shall of the base.
  • These parts engage the conductive metal parts of the fixture socket, namely the center contact and shell respectively, and the arrangement thereby achieves optimum heatsinking capability.
  • the end contact and base shell are preferably made of brass and the bridge may be assembled using l percent tin, 85 percent lead solder, which has a solidus temperature of 225C. to make soldered connections.
  • capacitors C1, C2 are connected in parallel with and close alongside diodes D3 and D4 respectively to provide a voltage doubling effect at starting.
  • Suitable capacitors are Sprague disc ceramic capacitors of 0.001 microfarad having a breakdown voltage rating of 1000 volts. These are high temperature capacitors assembled using high melting point solder and having an epoxy-dipped outer coating.
  • diodes D1 and D3 are joined together to form conjugate point j3, and similarly the inner ends of diodes D2 and D4 are joined together to form conjugate point j4.
  • the diodes are connected for [forward conduction toward conjugate point j3 and away from conjugate point j4 so that the former is positive and the latter is negative.
  • Teflon-coated stranded wires 27, 28 are used to make the connections between the bridge output points j3, j4 and the lamp inleads 4, 5.
  • a filled resin 29 which is flame retardant and has good resistance to mechanical and thermal shock.
  • a suitable material is an epoxy resin designated Scotchcast XRS 192 and sold by, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company.
  • the external configuration of base 23 is the same as that of a conventional (mogul size) base and it fits into the same kind of socket.
  • the base is fitted on the neck 3 of outer bulb 2 which has threads molded into the glass.
  • a convenient way of assembling the parts is to first solder stranded wires 27, 28 to the outer ends of inleads S, 6 and slip flexible insulating sleeves over the joints.
  • the base is next twisted counterclockwise about 2 k turns relative to the bulb, and then screwed on clockwise until firmly seated the twist being simultaneously removed thereby from the stranded wires. If the threads are smeared with a room temperaturesetting cement which is resistant to high temperatures prior to screwing the base on the neck of the bulb, a very secure fastening is achieved.
  • the present lamp is intended in part as a replacement for shorter-lived incandescant lamps.
  • the effective light-center length of the present lamp may have to be increased to match that of the incandescent lamp which it replaces. As shown in FIG. 4, this may be done by interposing an insulating collar 30 between outer bulb 2 v and base 23.
  • the collar may be of phenolic resin and is threaded internally at 31 to engage the threaded neck 3 of the bulb, and externally at 32 to engage the threaded base. As before, it is desirable to smear the threads with cement to assure a secure fastening.
  • the collar also serves to reduce the temperature of the bridge rectifier components.
  • chip rectifiers are used consisting of flat semiconductor plates provided with solder pads on each face.
  • the chip rectifiers, D1, D3 and D2, D4 are shown in vertically exploded fashion, stacked in pairs above the flat end 40 of base shell 41 on diametrically opposite sides of a central aperture 42.
  • Conductive foils 43, 44 are interposed between the chip diodes in each stacked pair and correspond to conjugate output points +j3 and -j4; insulated conductors 45, 46 are attached thereto and pass out through aperture 42.
  • An end plate having a raised central portion 47 which serves as an end contact has shoulder portions 48, 49 seated on and soldered to the top face of the upper chip in each stack.
  • Capacitors C1, C2, if used, may be disposed above end plate 40 in the space to each side of the stacked diode chips as shown, or else within the base shell.
  • the entire assembly is desirably potted in electrical resin (not shown) in similar manner to the construction of FIG. 3.
  • the stacking of the chip rectifiers between the base shell and the end contact achieves high heat-dissipating capacity.
  • diode chips are interconnected into a bridge circuit by conductors 51, 52 formed within the beryllium oxide and providing output junction points or terminals +j3 and j4.
  • Integrated circuit unit 50 is seated on top of flat end 40 of base shell 41 so that diodes D3 and D4 contact the base shell. Junction points +j3 and j4 overlie central aperture 42 and have insulated conductors 45, 46 connected thereto.
  • Diodes D1 and D2 are contacted by shoulder portions 48 and 49 of the end plate whereof the raised central portion 47 serves as end contact. The direct contact of diodes D1, D2 to the end contact, and the direct contact of diodes D3, D4 to the base shell assures good heat dissipation.
  • Heat dissipation is further enhanced by the fact that all the diodes are embedded in the thermally heat-conductive substrate of unit 50 which is in direct contact with the base shell'and end contact.
  • Capacitors C1, C2 if used may be chip capacitors and may also be embedded in the beryllium oxide.
  • the end of the base may be filled out and protected by an electrically insulating resin 53.
  • a dual envelope internally ballasted arc discharge lamp comprising:
  • a base fastened to said jacket comprising a metal shell having an end face and an end contact mounted thereabove and insulated therefrom,
  • a rectifier bridge located in said base and comprising four diodes
  • said diodes being paired off with one connected to the end contact and one connected to the base shell in each pair, and the other side of the diodes in said pairs being connected together to provide conjugate output points across which said are tube and ballast impedance are connected in series.
  • a lamp as in claim 1 wherein said diodes are glass encapsulated axial lead silicon diodes and the connections for maximum heat transfer utilize a very short lead connected directly to the end contact or to the base shell.
  • a lamp as in claim 1 including at least one capacitor located in said base and connected in parallel with one of said diodes.
  • a lamp as in claim 1 wherein said diodes are chip rectifiers whereof one pair is located in contact with the end contact and another pair is located in contact with the shell of the base.
  • a lamp as in claim 1 wherein said diodes are chip rectifiers embedded and interconnected in a unit of electrically insulating but thermally conducting substrate, said unit being disposed between the end face and the end contact of said base.
  • a base for an electric lamp comprising:
  • a rectifier bridge in said base comprising four axial vlead glass encapsulated diodes, two of the diodes depending axially below said end contact and being connected thereto with very short leads for maximum heat transfer thereto,
  • two of the diodes being located transversely in said aperture and being connected with very short leads to the end face of said base shell for maximum heat transfer thereto,
  • diodes being paired off with one connected to bridge rectifier and the end contact and one connected to the base shell in each pair, and the other side of the diodes in said paris being connected together to provide conjugate output points.
  • a base including a bridge rectifier as in claim 6 wherein said diodes are potted in an insulating resin serving to hold the end contact spaced and insulated from the base shell.
  • a base including a bridge rectifier as in claim 6 and at least one capacitor therein connected across one of said diodes.
  • a base including a bridge rectifier as in claim 6 and a pair of small capacitors connected across a pair of said diodes for a voltage doubling effect at starting, and wherein said diodes and capacitors are potted in an insulating resin which serves also to hold the end contact spaced and insulated from the base shell.

Landscapes

  • Common Detailed Techniques For Electron Tubes Or Discharge Tubes (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
US00250646A 1972-05-05 1972-05-05 Discharge lamp containing bridge rectifier Expired - Lifetime US3771018A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US25064672A 1972-05-05 1972-05-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3771018A true US3771018A (en) 1973-11-06

Family

ID=22948591

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00250646A Expired - Lifetime US3771018A (en) 1972-05-05 1972-05-05 Discharge lamp containing bridge rectifier

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3771018A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4921977A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1414411A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7306324A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3982154A (en) * 1975-09-02 1976-09-21 General Electric Company Arc discharge lamp construction for starter electrode voltage doubling
US4010398A (en) * 1974-09-18 1977-03-01 U.S. Philips Corporation Electric device provided with a gas and/or vapor discharge lamp
WO1983000259A1 (en) * 1981-07-14 1983-01-20 KEREKES, Béla Low consumption lamp
US4435671A (en) 1982-04-26 1984-03-06 Eli, Inc. Device for prolonging the life of an incandescent lamp
US4725759A (en) * 1985-07-05 1988-02-16 Minipilo Electric Co., Ltd. Pilot lamp
US4808888A (en) * 1986-11-28 1989-02-28 Gte Products Corporation Starting circuit for gaseous discharge lamps
US5006762A (en) * 1990-04-09 1991-04-09 Gte Products Corporation Negative glow fluorescent lamp having discharge barrier
US5049785A (en) * 1990-04-09 1991-09-17 Gte Products Corporation Two contact, AC-operated negative glow fluorescent lamp
EP0534728A1 (en) * 1991-09-26 1993-03-31 General Electric Company Compact discharge lamp with thermal management characteristics
WO2001012377A1 (en) * 1999-08-12 2001-02-22 General Electric Company Welding of lamp leads to stranded wires
US20020195918A1 (en) * 1999-09-22 2002-12-26 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Bulb-form lamp and its manufacturing method
US20030042835A1 (en) * 2001-08-16 2003-03-06 Ushiodenki Kabushiki Kaisha Incandescent bulb for a motor vehicle
WO2017178361A1 (de) * 2016-04-14 2017-10-19 Ledvance Gmbh Leuchtmittel mit mindestens einer led

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2072958B (en) 1979-09-06 1983-09-01 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Lamps
NL8302923A (nl) * 1982-08-23 1984-03-16 Iwasaki Electric Co Ltd Hoge-druk-metaaldampontladingslamp.
JPS59119556U (ja) * 1983-02-01 1984-08-11 日本電池株式会社 高圧金属蒸気放電灯

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2928024A (en) * 1956-07-16 1960-03-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp Combination light source with integral voltage converting means
US3148305A (en) * 1960-03-28 1964-09-08 Gen Electric Electric incandescent lamp with a rectifying diode mounted within the lamp base
US3372302A (en) * 1964-04-21 1968-03-05 California Comp Products Inc Adaptor mechanism for light circuits
US3527982A (en) * 1968-07-31 1970-09-08 Gen Electric Discharge lamp ballasting

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS47354U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1971-01-29 1972-08-01

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2928024A (en) * 1956-07-16 1960-03-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp Combination light source with integral voltage converting means
US3148305A (en) * 1960-03-28 1964-09-08 Gen Electric Electric incandescent lamp with a rectifying diode mounted within the lamp base
US3372302A (en) * 1964-04-21 1968-03-05 California Comp Products Inc Adaptor mechanism for light circuits
US3527982A (en) * 1968-07-31 1970-09-08 Gen Electric Discharge lamp ballasting

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4010398A (en) * 1974-09-18 1977-03-01 U.S. Philips Corporation Electric device provided with a gas and/or vapor discharge lamp
US3982154A (en) * 1975-09-02 1976-09-21 General Electric Company Arc discharge lamp construction for starter electrode voltage doubling
WO1983000259A1 (en) * 1981-07-14 1983-01-20 KEREKES, Béla Low consumption lamp
US4435671A (en) 1982-04-26 1984-03-06 Eli, Inc. Device for prolonging the life of an incandescent lamp
US4725759A (en) * 1985-07-05 1988-02-16 Minipilo Electric Co., Ltd. Pilot lamp
US4808888A (en) * 1986-11-28 1989-02-28 Gte Products Corporation Starting circuit for gaseous discharge lamps
US5006762A (en) * 1990-04-09 1991-04-09 Gte Products Corporation Negative glow fluorescent lamp having discharge barrier
US5049785A (en) * 1990-04-09 1991-09-17 Gte Products Corporation Two contact, AC-operated negative glow fluorescent lamp
EP0534728A1 (en) * 1991-09-26 1993-03-31 General Electric Company Compact discharge lamp with thermal management characteristics
WO2001012377A1 (en) * 1999-08-12 2001-02-22 General Electric Company Welding of lamp leads to stranded wires
US20020195918A1 (en) * 1999-09-22 2002-12-26 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Bulb-form lamp and its manufacturing method
US6800009B2 (en) * 1999-09-22 2004-10-05 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Bulb-form lamp and its manufacturing method
US20030042835A1 (en) * 2001-08-16 2003-03-06 Ushiodenki Kabushiki Kaisha Incandescent bulb for a motor vehicle
WO2017178361A1 (de) * 2016-04-14 2017-10-19 Ledvance Gmbh Leuchtmittel mit mindestens einer led
US11805579B2 (en) 2016-04-14 2023-10-31 Ledvance Gmbh Light fixture with at least one LED

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2322206B2 (de) 1975-04-17
DE2322206A1 (de) 1973-11-15
GB1414411A (en) 1975-11-19
NL7306324A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-11-07
JPS4921977A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-02-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3771018A (en) Discharge lamp containing bridge rectifier
US6794801B2 (en) Compact selfballasted fluorescent lamp and luminaire
JP5372139B2 (ja) 管状ｌｅｄ照明デバイス
US20040201990A1 (en) LED lamp
US6607290B2 (en) Tubular light bulb device
WO1983004139A1 (en) Flash lamp and circuitry for use with an incandescent light
US20040062041A1 (en) Retrofit light emitting diode tube
US4571526A (en) Low-pressure discharge lamp with cooled internal ballast
US3851207A (en) Stabilized high intensity sodium vapor lamp
EP0509584B1 (en) High-pressure discharge lamp
US3666986A (en) Internally resistively ballasted discharge lamp containing bridge rectifier
US4644226A (en) Discharge lamp circuit heat-sinked to the lamp cap
GB2043331A (en) Electrode for high pressure metal- vapour lamp
US2265396A (en) Gaseous electric discharge device
JP4099702B2 (ja) 電球形蛍光ランプおよび照明装置
US2950417A (en) Series electric lamp
US5053676A (en) High-pressure discharge lamp
US4897578A (en) High efficiency incandescent lamp with diode rectifier
EP0520538B1 (en) High-pressure discharge lamp
US2254845A (en) Mount for quartz lamps
US3878416A (en) Integral fluorescent-incandescent lamp structure
JP2005108699A (ja) 電球形蛍光ランプおよび照明器具
JPS61225753A (ja) 低圧水銀蒸気放電灯
US2538561A (en) High-pressure mercury vapor lamp
JPS581963Y2 (ja) 白熱電球