US3769625A - Traveling wave actuated segmented charging electrode for an ink jet printer - Google Patents

Traveling wave actuated segmented charging electrode for an ink jet printer Download PDF

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US3769625A
US3769625A US00319404A US3769625DA US3769625A US 3769625 A US3769625 A US 3769625A US 00319404 A US00319404 A US 00319404A US 3769625D A US3769625D A US 3769625DA US 3769625 A US3769625 A US 3769625A
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charging
ink jet
stream
signal
ink
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J Gunn
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/07—Ink jet characterised by jet control
    • B41J2/075—Ink jet characterised by jet control for many-valued deflection
    • B41J2/08—Ink jet characterised by jet control for many-valued deflection charge-control type
    • B41J2/085—Charge means, e.g. electrodes

Definitions

  • the present invention comprises a segmented charg- Corporahon Armonk' ing electrode for use in an ink jet printing system [22] Filed; I) 29, 1972 wherein the segments are connected to the taps of a delay line or circuit of similar function which in effect [21] Appl' 3l9404 produces a traveling wave along the charging electrode.
  • the rate of propagation of the delay line is such [52] U.S. Cl 346/1, 317/3,346/75 that it Substantially equals h v loc y f he ink jet [5]] Int.
  • I CLOCK PATENIED 8U 30 I973 PAIENIEMU 30 ms IL v .
  • I I v ⁇ SHIFT REGISTER STAGES 1 TRAVELING WAVE ACTUATED CHARGING ELECTRODE FOR PRINTER BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The need for improved high speed printers has increased drastically in recent years.
  • a particular application for such printers is for producing computer printout records wherein the'actual printing devices utilized to produce human readable records has long been a major bottleneck in the overall computer system.
  • data which is produced by the system must often be held in temporary storage such as magnetic tapes, discs, drums, etc., for many hours before the particular printing devices attached to the system can produce the required readable outputs.
  • Most currently available printers in this general area today are of the impact type where a printing element must actually be moved forcibly against a record member to produce a visible letter or symbol.
  • ink jet printing wherein ink is applied under pressure to a suitable nozzle.
  • the ink is caused to break up into individual droplets which must be controllably directed onto the recording medium.
  • the droplet formation may be controlled by a number of different methods available in the art including physical vibration of the nozzle, pressure perturbations introduced into the ink supply feed SEGMENTED AN INK JET to the nozzle, etc.
  • the result of applying such external perturbations to the ink jet apparatus is tdcause the jet stream emerging from the nozzle to break up into uniform droplets at a predetermined frequency and at a somewhat variable distance from the tip of the nozzle.
  • the rate of drop formation in such systems is determined by the signal applied to the physical perturbation means, e.g., vibrating the nozzle.
  • this means is ahollow tube or electrode surrounding the emerging stream and connected to asuitable charging circuit.
  • Video signals are applied between the nozzle and the charging electrode in response to which a drop will assume a charge determined by the amplitude of the particular signal on the charging electrode at the time that the drop breaks away from the jet stream.
  • the drop'thereafter passes through a fixed electric field and the amount of deflection is determined by the amplitude of the charge on the drop at the time it passes through said deflecting field.
  • a suitable recording surface is positioned downstream from the deflecting means with the result that the droplet strikes such recording surface and forms a small spot.
  • the position of the drop on the writing surface is determined by the deflection the drop experiences which in turn is determined by the charge on the droplet.
  • the location at which the droplet strikes the recording surface may be controlled with the result that by applying suitable video signals to such a system, a visible human readable printed record may be formed upon the recording surface.
  • Sweet entitled Fluid Droplet Recorder broadly discloses such a recording or printing system.
  • the time that the drop separates from the fluid stream emerging from the nozzle is quite critical since the charge carried by the droplet is produced by electrostatic induction.
  • the field established by the charging signal is maintained while the drop separates.
  • the drop will carry a charge determined by this signal and proportional to the magnitude thereof.
  • the charging signal on a conventional single element charging electrode such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,596,275 of Sweet is in the process of either rising or falling or. is not present at all at the time of drop separation, the exact charge on the drop will be some time function of the maximum signal rather than being proportional thereto in accordance with some predetermined and fixed relationship.
  • U. S. Pat. No. 3,465,351 of Keur et al. entitled Ink Drop Writing Apparatus discloses a system for broadly detecting whether or not the drop producing transducer and the charging signals are in synchronization and for introducing a corrective signal to the system.
  • Both of the above patents utilize a single charging electrode having a finite length; i.e., surrounds the stream from the point of earliest probable droplet breakoff to a point downstream beyond maximum probable break off distance. This length itself 'makes timing very critical lest a given signal affect the wrong drop. With such systems, synchronization must be precise to' obtain good print quality. With such systems sensing means must be provided to detect whether or not synchronization is being maintained and some sort of feedback control provided to insure the proper phase relationship between drop forming and charging.
  • the signal applied to the charging'means and thus to the droplet stream may either be binary in nature, i.e., having one of two predetermined fixed potentials or be analog in nature, i.e., having a varying amplitude between some minimum and maximum by suitably choosing the circuitry for producing said traveling wave.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagramatic view of an ink jet printing system illustrating the present droplet charging means.
  • FIG. 2 is a logical schematic of a tapped delay line utilizing active or switched components for use'with a binary serial bit stream.
  • FIG. 3A illustrates another embodiment of the invention utilizing an active delay circuit wherein the deflection data ,is in digital format specifying an analog deflection.
  • FIG. 3B is a detailed functional schematic diagram illustrating one of the stages of the delay circuit of FIG. 3A. a
  • FIG. 4A is a diagramatic illustration showing a crosssection of an ink jet stream both prior to and subsequent to break-off at a given instant in time and showing the relative location of the traveling wave charging pulses and the individual ink droplets for a binary system.
  • FIG. 4B is similar to FIG. 4A with the exception that the particular traveling wave, in this case, illustrates'analog deflection data being fed to the charging electrodes.
  • FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view of asegment of the charging electrode showing circuitry connected thereto for obtaining direct digital-to-analog conversion.
  • FIG. 5B is a view similar to FIG. 5A illustrating an alternative physical structure for obtaining digital-toanalog conversion.
  • Said pattern may conveniently be established, for example, by means of a multi-element charging electrode in conjunction with delay circuitry.
  • Said multi-element charging electrode is connected to sequential taps of a tapped delay circuit having a charging pulse input at one end thereof, said delay circuitry forming a traveling wave of electric field along the path of said ink droplet stream which moves at substantially the same velocity as said stream.
  • Said delay circuitry may comprise a conventional passive lumped parameter delay line comprising essentially inductors, capacitors and a terminating resistor together with appropriate tap points or alternatively may be an active delay line.
  • the active delay line may be'a simple shift register, each stage having a connection or tap point which is connected to a corresponding segment of the multi-element charging electrode wherein the pulse stored in a given stage of the shift register appears on its associated electrode segment.
  • the storage signal may be binary or analog.
  • the shift register stages may be capable of storing a plurality of binary digits such,
  • each such stage of the shift register would then be connected through a digital-to-analog converter and thence to the associated charging electrode as will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • digital-to-analog conversion may take place at the individual charging electrode, each such electrode being split into parts, eachof said parts inducing a charge on the ink stream in proportion to the weight of the digit it represents.
  • the ink jet is caused to break up into droplets, each carrying an electrostatic charge which causes the droplet tobe deflected a prescribed amount on passing subsequently through a fixed transverse electrostatic field.
  • the deflection is controlled by varying the charge carried on the droplet, which is determined by the surface charge density on the jet at the instant when the droplet breaks away.
  • This surface charge is controlled in the prior art by the potential of a single charging electrode, which produces an electrostatic field, and hence an induced charge, at the jet surface.
  • Problems arise because variations in the control voltage must take place between the breaking away of successive droplets, and the timing of the latter is uncertain. The result is difficulty in controlling droplet charge.
  • the number of droplets formed per unit time, and their times of arrival at a given position are quite predictable if the stream is excited mechanically.
  • the surface of a jet of liquid leaving an orifice is inherently unstable and the jet ultimately breaks up into droplets.
  • the process can be described by a surface wave which grows exponentially in amplitude along the jet until the peaks become comparable with the jet dimensions. Then the narrow sections between peaks decrease to zero thickness, and the jet breaks up, each peak becoming a droplet. This is illustrated in the figures.
  • the time (after leaving the orifice) at which the droplet breaks away is essentially the time it takes for the wave to grow exponentially to a certain fixed amplitude, and hence is ratheruncertain. Even for a smooth orifice and steady liquid flow, the wave will grow from random noise, and the uncertainty is worst in this case.
  • the present invention provides a pattern of electric field and of resultant induced charge, moving along'the jet stream synchronously with the growing wave. Then each wave peak carries an unvarying charge during the whole time it is inside the field pattern, and the exact time at which'it breaks away into a droplet becomes unimportant. All that is required is that the break-away should occur inside the region where the moving field pattern exists. Of course, the relative phase of the moving charge distribution and the growing wave must be maintained, but the latter can be controlled by exciting the wave directly.
  • the required moving field distribution can be obtained by sequentially applying a desired charging potential to a series of electrodes, as shown in FIG. 1, for example. It is possible to generate the phase delay between electrodesby using a passive L-C delay line, however, the delay required is long by electrical standards. A better way of obtaining the requisite delay is to use an active delay line as mentioned previously. Since in certain printing systems analog charging signals are required, a"bucket brigade type 'of circuit may be used. Other methods of obtaining analog contures and advantages of the present invention there will now follow a description of the operation of the specific embodiments disclosed.
  • FIG. 1 an overall diagram of an ink jet recording system in simplified form is shown. It will be noted that even in this form the operation of the present invention is clearly apparent insofar as the necessary hardware is concerned.
  • an ink nozzle is shown at 10 connected to an appropriate ink input.
  • ink jet l1 emanates from the nozzle 10 and the effect of the droplet formation is shown in this figure as well as the others wherein the gradual necking down due to surface tension and other effects takes place until the droplet actually breaks off.
  • a transducer 12 is utilized, as described previously, to introduce physical perturbations into the ink jet to stabilize the drop rate.
  • a multi-segment charging electrode 14 is showndownstream from the nozzle and, as illustrated, surrounds the jet emanating from the nozzle both upstream and downstream of the break-off point. As was clearly described previously, it is this exact break-off point that is somewhat uncertain and fluctuates in such systems although the ink velocity and droplet rate remain substantially uniform.
  • Downstream from the charging station 14 is the deflection station 16 which, as will be appreciated, is conventionally connected to a fixed high voltage source whereby the ink droplets are appropriately deflected before striking the recording medium 18.
  • the individual segments making up the charging electrode are connected to the outputs of a delay circuit 20.
  • the first (smallest delay) output of the delay circuit is connected to the first segment of the charging electrode structure, etc., so that as a pulse travels along the delay circuita corresponding charge signal travels along the series of individual charging electrode segments.
  • the speed of propagation of the signal through the delay circuitry is substantially the same as the velocity of the individual inkdroplets forming the jet stream.
  • the oscillator 22 performs the initial function of supplying the pulses to the transducer 12 which determines the precise droplet rate in the system and also provides a synchronizing signal to gate a new serial'input data pulses through gate circuit 24 in synchronization with the droplet formation rate.
  • the source of serial input data would come from an appropriate character generating means such as shown, for example, in US. Pat. No. 3,298,030 of Lewis et'al. entitled Electrically Operated Character Printer.
  • character printing may be done with a matrix of nozzles wherein various nozzles are simply fed binary information so printing system analog deflection of the jet is necessary to produce the requisite sweep of the jet in oneof the printing directions, it being understood that the movement of the record receiving member would produce is knownso that the proper stepping frequency may be applied in the case of the active delay line embodithe other direction of movement of the jet stream with I respect to the recording surface.
  • FIG.'2 there are shown in details of a simple shift register type of active delay circuit wherein each stage is connected to the next adjacent stage and also has an output tap whereby the signal content of the individual stage may be selectively placed on the connected segment of the charging electrodes 14.
  • a serial binary data stream is possibly preferred as being fed into the shift register, it should be understood that it would be possible to utilize an analog shiftregister, such as a bucket-brigade circuit, wherein the serialsignals propagated would 'be analog in nature. Since the analog deflection data will usually be generated first in digital form, the embodiment disclosed in FIGS. 3A and 3B'is believed to be a more convenient version.
  • FIG. 3A is very similar to FIG. 2 in appearance, the exception being that the data fed into the various stages 40 of the shift register in this case, comprises a plurality.
  • each of the blocks 40 comprises a register for storing alln bits of the input code, a digital-to-analog converter for changing the digital information into the appropriate analog signal'and finally the gate means under control of the delay circuit clock 42 which gates the contents of the register to' the next subsequent register stage.”
  • the n bit digital deflection data is entered'at one end of the delay circuitand is propagated therethrough'under control of the delay circuit" clock.
  • the frequency of this clock must obviously be chosen so that; the propagation of the wave through the delay circuit exactly matches that of the velocity of the ink jet stream.
  • this clock is not necessarily the same as the frequency of theoscillator 22 as shown in FIG. 1 which establishes the actual droplet rate which in turn is controlled by the various physical characteristics of the particular ink being used, nozzle pressures,
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are for the purpose of illustrating binary and analog charging signals on .the multisegment charging electrode 14. For purposes of ease of illustration, a droplet has been shown adjacenteach of the electrodes and an appropriate charging signal on the electrode whichis to be placed on the specific droplet adjacent thereto.
  • FIG. 4B differs from FIG. 4A
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B Two straightforward physical digital-to-analog conversion schemes are shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B.
  • FIG. 5A a single charging electrode segment l 4 is shown as well as four'di git positions of the shiftv register 40 (as shown in FIG. 3B).
  • the magnitude of the output signal from each bit position is identical and each of the capacitors 41 is digitally weighted in capacitance,.i.e., 1,2, 4 and 8,
  • the requisite frequency may whereby a cumulative analog signal comprising the instantaneous contents of the attched shift register 40 will appear on the electrode segment 14.
  • each segment 14 of the multi-element charging electrode up into radial segments having a size and thus charging effect on the ink stream 11 proportional to the particular bitstorage location of the shift register stage 40.
  • Fringing effects and the like must be taken into effect in selecting the size of the weighted radial segments, however, these may be readily determined by routine experimentation.
  • Bucket brigade circuits of the variety used to temporarily store TV video signals may be used in the analog version of FIG. 2.
  • a simple L-C lumped delay line may be used.
  • any tube or solid state circuit having shift register charges would be acceptable wherein the output from each shift register stage could be applied directly to the associated charging electrode segment or could be passed through a suitable amplifier.
  • any conventional n bit binary shift register such as n parallel shift registers described as suitable for the embodiment of FIG. 2
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B could be utilized together with any well known type ofelectronic digital-to-analog converter.
  • the embodiments of FIGS. 5A and 5B obviously needno further D/A conversion.
  • a method for charging individual ink droplets produced in an ink jet recording system including the steps of forming a high speed ink stream from a suitable noz zle, adjusting the ink volume and velocity so that a desired droplet break-off point is obtained, forming a traveling wave charging pulse along said stream in charging relationship therewith beginning ata point upstream from said break-off point and ending at a point downstream from said break-off point, selecting the speed of said traveling wave to be substantially identical to the velocityof individualdroplets making up said stream and synchronizing the traveling wave to coincide with the volume peaks of the stream prior to break-off and the droplets subsequent to break-off.
  • a method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the steps of forming said traveling wave comprises supplying an appropriate signal to a commutating delay circuit means and applying the output of said commutating circuit means to a spaced series of charging electrodes located adjacent to the ink jet stream in an electrostatic charging relationship therewith.
  • an ink jet recording system including an ink supply, a nozzle, means for projecting a high pressure ink stream from said nozzle at a predetermined velocity which breaks up into droplets downstream therefrom at a fixed predetermined rate, means for applying an electrical charge to individual droplets as they break off from said stream, means for deflecting said droplets and a recording medium on which said droplets impinge to produce a visible record, the improvement in said charge application means which comprises:
  • a multi-segment charging electrode said segments being spaced along the axis of said stream beginning at a point prior to earliest expected droplet break-off and extending to a point beyond latest expected droplet break-off;
  • a tapped delay circuit having a signal input end
  • said delay circuit having an inter-tap delay equal to the transit time ofa droplet making up said stream to move from one segment to the next segment whereby a traveling charging waveis produced on said charging electrode traveling at substantially the same velocity as the ink stream.
  • said tapped delay circuit comprises a passive lumped parameter delay line having a signal input means at one end and a signal terminating means at the other, said tap points being equally spaced in time wherein the tap closest to the signal input end is connected to the charging electrode segment closest to said nozzle and wherein adjacent tap points are connected to subsequent charging electrode signals downstream from said first segment.
  • said delay circuitry comprises an active multi-stage shift register having as many stages as there are segments of said charging electrode, each stage having an output line connected to one of said charging electrode segments,
  • clock means for advancing an input signal applied to the input of said delay circuitry between said stages, the frequency of said clock being chosen to advance an input signal applied at one end of said delay circuit through said delay circuit at thesame velocity as an ink droplet in said stream passing through said charging electrode structure.
  • each stage of said shift register comprises a single binary storage element which may store for serially applying binary'input data to said delay circuitry in binary form.
  • each stage of said shift register comprises a bucket-brigade analog storage element for storing an analog signal and means for supplying a serial string of analog pulses to the input of said delay circuit.
  • each stage of said shift register comprises plural bit storage means for storing a digitally encoded bit group, representing an analog deflection signal to be applied to said charging electrode structure,
  • digital-to-analog converter means for converting said digital bit group to an analog charging signal on said elements of the charging electrode
  • said digital-to-analog converter means comprises an electronic circuit directly connected to the output of each multi-bit shift register stage and which decodes the digital information into an analog charging Signal.
  • said digital-to-analog converter means comprises acapacitor connected between each bit storage element of the shift register stage and the associated charging electrode segment the size of each capacitor being such that it passes a signal representative of the digital weighting of the digit stored by its associated shift register element and wherein any binary 1 or 0 in any shift register element is represented by a signal of a predetermined magnitude.
  • each segment of said charging electrode being divided into arcuate sections having different capacitance with respect to the ink stream and being of different size, each section connected to each bit storage element of said shift register the size of each section being such that if a uniform signal is placed on each section the charging effect will be proportional to the digital weighting of the digit element of the shift register stage to which it is connected.

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US00319404A 1972-12-29 1972-12-29 Traveling wave actuated segmented charging electrode for an ink jet printer Expired - Lifetime US3769625A (en)

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JP (1) JPS5234333B2 (en, 2012)
CA (1) CA1001212A (en, 2012)
DE (1) DE2362415C2 (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR2212784A5 (en, 2012)
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IT (1) IT1001144B (en, 2012)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4220958A (en) * 1978-12-21 1980-09-02 Xerox Corporation Ink jet electrohydrodynamic exciter
FR2471278A1 (fr) * 1979-12-07 1981-06-19 Hertz Carl Procedes et appareils pour produire une file de gouttelettes et pour l'impression par jet d'encre
FR2479709A1 (fr) * 1980-04-02 1981-10-09 Western Electric Co Procede et installation destines a engendrer un courant de vapeur
US4347519A (en) * 1979-08-23 1982-08-31 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Ink jet printer
EP0283226A3 (en) * 1987-03-17 1989-06-14 Willett International Limited Nozzle assembly for an ink jet printer
EP0323474A4 (en) * 1986-08-28 1989-12-18 Commw Scient Ind Res Org METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRINTING BY DEFLECTING A LIQUID FLOW.
US5523778A (en) * 1993-12-07 1996-06-04 Videojet Systems International, Inc. Segmented charge tunnel for drop charging in a printhead
EP1013424A3 (en) * 1998-12-14 2001-01-03 SCITEX DIGITAL PRINTING, Inc. Apparatus and method for controlling a charging voltage in ink jet printers

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4167741A (en) * 1977-12-23 1979-09-11 International Business Machines Corporation Raster slant control in an ink jet printer
JP4522028B2 (ja) 2001-09-03 2010-08-11 西川ゴム工業株式会社 自動車のウェザーストリップ

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3596275A (en) * 1964-03-25 1971-07-27 Richard G Sweet Fluid droplet recorder
US3298030A (en) * 1965-07-12 1967-01-10 Clevite Corp Electrically operated character printer
US3465351A (en) * 1968-03-13 1969-09-02 Dick Co Ab Ink drop writing apparatus
US3596276A (en) * 1969-02-10 1971-07-27 Recognition Equipment Inc Ink jet printer with droplet phase control means

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4220958A (en) * 1978-12-21 1980-09-02 Xerox Corporation Ink jet electrohydrodynamic exciter
US4347519A (en) * 1979-08-23 1982-08-31 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Ink jet printer
FR2471278A1 (fr) * 1979-12-07 1981-06-19 Hertz Carl Procedes et appareils pour produire une file de gouttelettes et pour l'impression par jet d'encre
US4346387A (en) * 1979-12-07 1982-08-24 Hertz Carl H Method and apparatus for controlling the electric charge on droplets and ink-jet recorder incorporating the same
FR2479709A1 (fr) * 1980-04-02 1981-10-09 Western Electric Co Procede et installation destines a engendrer un courant de vapeur
US4310474A (en) * 1980-04-02 1982-01-12 Western Electric Company, Inc. Method and apparatus for generating a vapor stream
EP0323474A4 (en) * 1986-08-28 1989-12-18 Commw Scient Ind Res Org METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRINTING BY DEFLECTING A LIQUID FLOW.
US5070341A (en) * 1986-08-28 1991-12-03 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Liquid stream deflection printing method and apparatus
EP0283226A3 (en) * 1987-03-17 1989-06-14 Willett International Limited Nozzle assembly for an ink jet printer
US5523778A (en) * 1993-12-07 1996-06-04 Videojet Systems International, Inc. Segmented charge tunnel for drop charging in a printhead
EP1013424A3 (en) * 1998-12-14 2001-01-03 SCITEX DIGITAL PRINTING, Inc. Apparatus and method for controlling a charging voltage in ink jet printers

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CA1001212A (en) 1976-12-07
DE2362415A1 (de) 1974-07-04
DE2362415C2 (de) 1981-12-03
FR2212784A5 (en, 2012) 1974-07-26
IT1001144B (it) 1976-04-20
JPS5234333B2 (en, 2012) 1977-09-02
JPS4998928A (en, 2012) 1974-09-19
GB1394019A (en) 1975-05-14

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