Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
  • C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
  • C06B31/30—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with vegetable matter; with resin; with rubber
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
  • C06B47/02—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase the components comprising a binary propellant
  • C06B47/08—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase the components comprising a binary propellant a component containing hydrazine or a hydrazine derivative
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S102/00—Ammunition and explosives
  • Y10S102/705—Separated explosive constituents

Definitions

• Field of the Invention This invention relates to a two-part explosive adapted for field use by mixing the two components at the time of use, or alternately which can be factory mixed.
• ammonium nitrate can be combined with hydrazine in the ratio of about two to one by weight to make an explosive that is cap sensitive (i.e. can be detonated with a blasting cap without the aid of a booster charge, and that the amount of hydrazine added can be reduced to about one part hydrazine to ten pans ammonium nitrate to make what is still a cap sensitive explosive.
• the present invention resides in the discovery that ammonium nitrate or a mixture of ammonium nitrate with ammonium perchlorate or the like can be wetted with a relatively small amount of a liquid comprising both hydrazine and water to make an explosive mixture that is cap-sensitive, i.e. is a mixture which can be detonated simply with a blasting cap and without the aid of any booster charge, but which is quite insensitive to shock and is also in other respects quite safe to use.
• the liquid-to-solid ratio is between about 1 to 2 parts liquid to 15 parts solid, and desirably about one part liquid to 10 parts solid.
• the present invention comprises a safe two-part explosive adapted for field use, characterized by a solid component, preferably in granular or powdered form, and a liquid component.
• the solid component is ammonium nitrate, with the possible addition of other compatible oxidizer salts, such as ammonium perchlorate or the like (which would include salts having ammonia or a metal as the cationic radical and nitrate or perchlorate as the anionic radical).
• ammonium perchlorate can be added to the ammonium nitrate for increased detonation velocity up to about 50 percent by weight of the total weight of the solid component.
• compatible fuel constituents such as carbon black, sugar, aluminum powder or ground-up polyethylene can be added, if desired, for example in an amount of about 10 percent by weight of the total solid component. Greater amounts can be added, but this oftentimes results in incomplete combustion of the added fuel constituents and provides no real advantage.
• the liquid component comprises hydrazine and water.
• the amount by weight of water is at least about equal to, or slightly greater than, the amount by weight of hydrazine. This ratio is particularly advantageous since the hydrazine with at least an equal amount of water can be shipped by common commercial transportation. However, lesser percentages of water can be used, down to an amount which is about half by weight of the hydrazine.
• a readily available form of this liquid component is hydrazine hydrate, which can be used either without water dilution or can be diluted with up to an equal amount of water.
• liquid component is added to 10 parts of the solid component. This amount of liquid is sufficient to wet but not dissolve the solid component. A blasting cap is placed in this mixture, and the explosive mixture can then be detonated simply by detonation of the blasting cap.
• the ratio of the liquid to the solid can vary between about 1 to 2 parts liquid to 15 parts solid, by weight. The preferred ratio is one part liquid to 10 parts solid, by weight.
• the two components can be placed in separate packages or in separate chambers of a two chamber package and then combined at the site of use.
• the two components could be factory mixed and if desired placed in relatively small packages.
• a package of this explosive mixture with a diameter no greater than about three inches and down to about 1% inches in diameter is still cap sensitive.
• EXAMPLE 1 A tubular plastic bag 10 inches long and 1.6 inches in diameter was filled with 330 grams of ammonium nitrate. 33 grams of a liquid, consisting of 50.5 percent water and 49.5 percent hydrazine were poured into the bag to wet the ammonium nitrate. A conventional blasting cap (No. 6 EB cap) was'placed in the top of the bag into the explosive mixture. The blasting cap was fired and the mixture exploded.
• EXAMPLE 3-RlFLE BULLET IMPACT TEST Four packages of the mixture as prepared in Example 1 were taped together and abutted to a field target plate. Rifle bullets were repeatedly fired into the mixture. There was no detonation.
• EXAMPLE 4 Two and a half pounds of the mixture made according to Example 1 were placed in a quart size polyethylene bottle. The bottle was dropped 40 feet onto a very hard dry clay-type ground surface. This was repeated 10 times with two separate bottles. No detonation occurred.
• EXAMPLE 5 A mixture of 75 percent by weight of ammonium nitrate, 15 percent by weight ammonium perchlorate, 6.5 percent hydrazine and 3.5 percent water was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 in an amount to fill a plastic bag 2 inches wide and 18 inches long. This was detonated with a No. 6 EB cap. The detonation velocity was approximately 3,000 meters per second as measured by an electronic chronograph counter (10' sec.).
• EXAMPLE 6 A mixture of 60 percent by weight ammonium nitrate, 30 percent by weight ammonium perchlorate, 5 percent hydrazine and 5 percent water was prepared and detonated in the same manner as Example 5. The detonation velocity was 3,300 meters per second.
• a unitary cap sensitive explosive composition comprising:
• a second ingredient comprising hydrazine and water wherein the water is by weight at least about half the amount of the hydrazine, with the proportion of the second ingredient to the first ingredient being between about 1 to 2 parts to about parts by weight and present in an amount sufficient to form an explosive composition capable of being detonated by a blasting cap.
• composition as recited in claim I wherein about one part by weight of said second ingredient is present to about ten parts by weight of said first ingredient.
• An explosive package having:
• a second containing means containing a second ingredient comprising hydrazine and water wherein the water is by weight at least about half the amount of the hydrazine, with the proportion of the second ingredient to the first ingredient being between about 1 and 2 parts to about fifteen parts by weight and present in an amount sufficient to form a cap sensitive explosive composition.
• said second ingredient comprises about equal parts by weight of hydrazine and water.
• a tubular explosive package having a diameter no greater than about 3 inches and containing a cap sensitive explosive composition comprising:
• a second ingredient comprising hydrazine and water wherein the water is by weight at least about half the amount of the hydrazine
• the proportion of the second ingredient to the first ingredient being between about 1 to 2 parts to about 15 parts by weight and present in an amount sufficient to form an explosive composition capable of being detonated by a blasting cap.
• said second ingredient comprises about equal parts by weight of hydrazine and water.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Air Bags (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=22696890

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (10)

Cited By (5)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (2)

• 1971
  • 1971-10-14 US US00189340A patent/US3768410A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1972
  • 1972-09-27 AU AU47102/72A patent/AU475373B2/en not_active Expired
  • 1972-09-27 GB GB4461272A patent/GB1387703A/en not_active Expired
  • 1972-10-03 CA CA153,103A patent/CA986309A/en not_active Expired
  • 1972-10-11 ZM ZM165/72*UA patent/ZM16572A1/xx unknown
  • 1972-10-13 PH PH14011*UA patent/PH9297A/en unknown
  • 1972-10-13 DE DE2250313A patent/DE2250313A1/de active Pending
  • 1972-10-13 FR FR7236387A patent/FR2156354B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1972-10-14 JP JP47103179A patent/JPS4861606A/ja active Pending
• 1978
  • 1978-12-30 MY MY329/78A patent/MY7800329A/xx unknown

Patent Citations (4)

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