US3768041A - Waveguide switch - Google Patents

Waveguide switch Download PDF

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Publication number
US3768041A
US3768041A US00244815A US3768041DA US3768041A US 3768041 A US3768041 A US 3768041A US 00244815 A US00244815 A US 00244815A US 3768041D A US3768041D A US 3768041DA US 3768041 A US3768041 A US 3768041A
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Prior art keywords
waveguide
arm
switchable
waveguide sections
sections
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00244815A
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English (en)
Inventor
R Carlise
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Boeing North American Inc
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North American Rockwell Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/10—Auxiliary devices for switching or interrupting
    • H01P1/15—Auxiliary devices for switching or interrupting by semiconductor devices

Definitions

  • An arm of each of a first and second Y-shaped waveguide section comprises a respective first and 52 us. Cl. 333/7 1), 333/98 s arm third one three P wave- 51 Int. Cl. H01p 1 10 guide Swims and a third arm the third Shaped 58 Field of Search 333/7 D, 98 s, '97 s Waveguide Seem" mPrises a P"- A third arm of each of the first and second waveguide sections [56] References Cited forms a respective one of a first and second switched UNTED STATES PATENTS port.
  • Electrically switchable impedance means interposed in the waveguide sections selectively couples an 2 g l g 'ii 32 7 D alternative one of the first and second'ports-in micro- 3l95074 711965 gg 3 3 wave circuit with the common port. 3,321,717 5/1967 Harper 333/7 D 4 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures I lZq ,-l0
  • the technological field to which the subject invention relates is microwave switching means for selectively coupling a common port in microwave circuit with an alternative one of two ports.
  • an increased angular scanning range may be effected by alternatively applying the microwave feed to an opposite end of the array in a subsequent scan cycle or mode.
  • the scan angle may correspond to the range B, while switching the feed point to the opposite end of the array during a subsequent scan cycle may correspond'to the range 0+3", whereby the total scan angle range achieved is doubled: $8?
  • a disadvantage of such arrangement is the energy attenuation introduced by means of the circulators employed. Also, the asymmetrical microwave circuit achieved by such means results in non-symmetrical performance of the utilization means. Further, where switchable ferrite circdlators'have been utilized, as to avoid the use of the diodes, switching control power supplies of substantially higher power ratings are required. Moreover, the switching speeds of such latter switching devices are severely limited.
  • microwave circuit double-throw switching means which is symmetrical in arrangement and function and which does not employ ferrite circulators or other non-reciprocal impedance means.
  • a firstarm of each of a first and second Y-shaped waveguide section comprising a respective first and second arm of athird one of said threeY-shaped waveguide sections.
  • a third 'arm of the third Y-shaped waveguide section comprises a common port, while a third arm of each of the first and second Y-shaped waveguide sections forms arespective first and second switched port.
  • electrically switchable impedance means interposed in common port.
  • the concept of the invention may be advantageously the waveguide sections for selectively coupling.
  • an alv Accordingly, an object of the subject invention is-to provide an improved double-throw microwave switch.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a microwave switch which is reciprocal in operational mode.
  • a further object is to provide a reciprocal switch having low insertion losses.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system in which employed.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of a schematic arrangement of the microwave device of FIG. 1 and in which certain geometrical features thereof are further illustrated.
  • FIG. 1 there isillustra-ted a schematic 'diagram' of a" system in which the microwave switching concept of the invention may be advantageously employed.
  • an end-fed phasecontrolled radiating array 10 in cooperation with phase control logic 14.
  • the device can be made to scan from 0 to +B.
  • the other of terminii l2a and 12b the array can be made to oppositely scan from 0 to 13.
  • the scan angle range of antenna 10 is doubled or increased to 013, a total excursion of /2B/.
  • switching is accomplished byswitching means having afirst and second port (D and coupled to a respective one of feed terminals 12a and 12b, and further having a common port @which is internally coupled to'an alternative' one of ports@and@in response to the cooperation of switching logic 14.
  • Port is adapted to be externally coupled-to utilization means such as a radar receiver and transmitter, as is well understood in the art.
  • switching logic 14 may be a flipflop 15 or other two-stage signalling device for gatingon an alternative one of two bias voltage sources 16 and 17.
  • switching logic 14 may be a flipflop 15 or other two-stage signalling device for gatingon an alternative one of two bias voltage sources 16 and 17.
  • switching logic 14 may be a flipflop 15 or other two-stage signalling device for gatingon an alternative one of two bias voltage sources 16 and 17.
  • Such switchable impedance means comprises first switchable impedance means 17a interposed in said first Y-shaped waveguide section 13a for intercoupling said first and common ports and @during an excited first state of such first switchable means, and isolating common port@ from first port @during an unexcited second state of such first switchable means (supplied by gated source 20).
  • second switchable impedance means 17b interposed in second Y-shaped waveguide section 13b for intercoupling second and common ports state of said second switchable means, and isolating common port from second port (2) during an unexcited second state of second switchable means 171; (supplied by gated source 21).
  • first and second switchable means 17a and 17b are adapted to be synchronously operated in mutually exclusive states.
  • Each of the above described first and second switchable impedance means comprises a first cavity-tuned diode interposed in a respective one of arms 14a and 1412 (being that arm of each of first and second wave guide sections 13a and 13b which is common to third Y-shaped waveguide section 13c) and situated near a star junction 180 of third waveguide section 16c.
  • Each switchable impedance means further includes a second cavity-tuned diode 19a and 19b interposed in the second arm 15a and 15b of a respective one of first and second waveguide sections 13a and 13b and situated between the load impedance thereof and a star junction @and@during an excited first 18a and 18b of the respective one of the first and sec- 7 as a matched impedance in an excited state thereof and further functions as a reflective short circuitin an unexcited state thereof, first and second diodes (l7a'and 19a) or (17b and 19b) of each of said first and second waveguide sections being adapted to be operated in mutually exclusive states, and respective first diodes (l- 7a and 17b) of first and second waveguide sections 13a and 13b being adapted to be operated in mutually exclusive states.
  • diodes 17a and 19b serve as matched impedances within the waveguide structure, while unexcited diodes 19a and 17b comprise normally capacitive short circuits or reflective impedances.
  • diode 17a also serves to isolate port from port @and any energy at junction 18b will tend to be dissipated by the load impedance in arm 15b via matched diode 19b.
  • each of diodes 17a and 17b should preferably be located at a distance of 18kg from star junction 19c, and that diodes 19a and 19b should each be located within a respective one of arms 15aand 15b such that the short circuit condition thereof is reflectively matched to a respective one of junctions 18a and 18b, a center-to-center distance of 18kg being utilized between diode and junction in the illustrated geometry of FIG. 2.
  • the dimension of .68kg between star junction 18a and 18b and a respective one of diodes 17a'andl7b allows the'setting up ofa short circuit condition between such respective diode and junction.
  • an isolation factor as great as 40db has been obtained between port and a switched-off one of ports@ and@, and a transmission loss of less than 0.7db observed between port and a switched-on one of ports @and@. Because of the symmetrical waveguide arrangement and avoidance of non-reciprocal impedances, a'structure of low cost and weight is obtained.'Also, no more than 0.10 watt is required to operate the four pin diodes employed in switching the five-port microwave structure, which arrangem ent may handle up to IOKW peak of microwave energy at 0.00l duty cycle.
  • the commercially available tion both the receiver and the transmitter magnetron of a utilizing low-power radar, when turned off, are protected from damage by external high power energy sources to which the antenna in FIG. 1 may be exposed.
  • a double-throw microwave switch having a first and second switched port and a common port and comprising three like symmetrically-arrayed Y-shaped waveguide sections,
  • a first arm of each of a first and second Y-shaped waveguide section comprising a respective first and second arm of a third one of said three Y- shaped waveguide sections, a third arm of said third Y-shaped waveguide section comprising said common port, a third arm of each of said first and second waveguide sections forming a respective one of said first and second switched ports, electrically switchable impedance means interposed in said first and second arms of each of said first and second Y-shaped waveguide sections for selectively coupling an alternative one of said first and second ports in microwave circuit with said common port, said switchable impedance means comprising first switchable impedance means interposed in said first Y-shaped waveguide section for intercoupling said first and common ports during a first state of said first switchable means and iso lating said common port from said first port during an unexcited second state of said first switchable means; and p i second switchable impedance means interposed in said second Y-shaped waveguide section for inter-coupling said second and common ports during
  • each of said cavity-tuned diodes functioning at the center-frequency of the bandwidth of said waveguide'sections as a matched impedance in an excited state thereof and functioning as a reflective short circuit in an unexcited state thereof,
  • a double-throw microwave switch having a first and second switched port and arcommon port and comprising three like symmetrically arrayed Y-shaped, waveguide sections, a an arm of each of a first and second Y-shaped waveguide section comprising a respective vfirst and second arm of a third one of said three Y- shaped waveguide sections,
  • each of said first and second waveguide sections including a non-reflective load impedance near a terminus thereof
  • said electrically switchable impedance means interposed in said .waveguide sections for selectively coupling an alternative one of said first and second ports in microwave circuit with said common port, said electrically switchable impedance means comprising first switchable impedance means interposed in said first Y-shaped waveguide section for inter- ,coupling said first and common ports during a first state of saidfirst switchablemeans and isolating said common port from said first port during an unexcited second state of said first "switchable means; and i second switchable impedance means interposed in said second Y-shaped waveguide section for intercoupling said second and common ports during a first state of said first switchable means and isolatingsaid common port from said second port during an unexcited second state of said second switchable means, and said first and second switchable means being adapted to be synchronously operated in mutually exclusive states, 7 1 said switchable impedance means of each of said first and second waveguide section comprising a first cavity-tuned diode interposed in that arm of each
  • each of said cavity-tuned diodes functioning at v the center-frequency of the bandwidth of I said waveguide'sections as a matched impedance in an excited state thereof and function 7 ing as a reflective short circuit in an unexcited state thereof,;
  • a double-throw microwave switch having a first and second switched port anda common port and comprising" symmetrically arrayed Y-shaped wavethree like guide sections,
  • each of a first and second Y-shaped waveguide section comprising a. respective first and second arm of a third one of said three Y- shaped waveguide sections
  • each of said first and second waveguide sections including a non-reflective loadimpedance near a terminus thereof
  • electrically switchable impedance means interposed in said waveguide sections for selectively coupling an alternative one of said first and second ports in microwave circuit with said common port
  • said electrically switchable impedance means comprising first switchable impedance means interposed in said first Y-shaped waveguide section for intercoupling said first and common ports during a first state of said first switchable means and isolating said common port from said first port during an unexcited second state of said first switchable means; and second switchable impedance means interposed in said second Y-shaped waveguide section for intercoupling said second and common ports during a first state of said first switchable means and isolating said common port from said second port during an unexcited second state of said second switchable means, and said first and second switchable means being adapted to be synchronously operated in mutually exclusive states, said switchable impedance means of each of said first and second waveguide section comprising a first cavity-tuned diode interposed in that arm of each of said first and second waveguide sections which is common to said third
  • each of said cavity-tuned diodes functioning at the center-frequency of the bandwidth of said waveguide sections as a matched impedance in an excited state thereof and functioning as a reflective short circuit in an unexcited state thereof,
  • said star-junctions of said first and second waveguide sections being spaced apart from the star junction of said third waveguide section by a first dimension less than onewaveguide wavelength and more than threequarters of a waveguide wavelength
  • said first diode of each of said first and second waveguide sections being located less than one quarter waveguide wavelength from said star junction of said third waveguide section
  • each of said first and second waveguide sections being located less than one quarter wavelength from the star junction of a respective one of said first and second waveguide sections
  • said first dimension corresponding to substantially 0.86 of a waveguide wavelength

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US00244815A 1972-04-17 1972-04-17 Waveguide switch Expired - Lifetime US3768041A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US24481572A 1972-04-17 1972-04-17

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US3768041A true US3768041A (en) 1973-10-23

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US (1) US3768041A (xx)
JP (1) JPS4918450A (xx)
CA (1) CA967649A (xx)
DE (1) DE2303737A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR2180745A1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1351090A (xx)
IT (1) IT974873B (xx)
NL (1) NL7304656A (xx)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4090035A (en) * 1975-12-17 1978-05-16 Martin Marietta Corporation Line access module
FR2532479A1 (fr) * 1982-08-27 1984-03-02 Thomson Csf Dephaseur hyperfrequence digital a deux bits et son utilisation dans une antenne a balayage electronique
US5905472A (en) * 1997-08-06 1999-05-18 Raytheon Company Microwave antenna having wide angle scanning capability
US20090083877A1 (en) * 2002-07-30 2009-03-26 Christopher Dale Rock Transcription Factors, DNA and Methods for Introduction of Value-Added Seed Traits and Stress Tolerance
US20120313819A1 (en) * 2011-06-13 2012-12-13 Chia-Tien Li Active Antenna and Electronic Device

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4414221A1 (de) * 1994-04-23 1995-10-26 Braun Ag Dampfbügeleisen

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3178659A (en) * 1962-03-08 1965-04-13 John V Smith Microwave switch having diodes situated in the waveguide channels to control coupling between common and branch channels
US3195074A (en) * 1962-01-02 1965-07-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp Waveguide switch having a diode mounted in the side arm of a three port junction
US3321717A (en) * 1965-09-07 1967-05-23 Willis H Harper Low-loss, broadband, programmable monopulse beam-selector switch
US3337820A (en) * 1965-09-07 1967-08-22 Willis H Harper Single-pole, multithrow stripline beam selector switch utilizing a plurality of varactor diodes
US3402369A (en) * 1965-10-19 1968-09-17 Nippon Electric Co Single pole, double throw, crystal diode switch

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3195074A (en) * 1962-01-02 1965-07-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp Waveguide switch having a diode mounted in the side arm of a three port junction
US3178659A (en) * 1962-03-08 1965-04-13 John V Smith Microwave switch having diodes situated in the waveguide channels to control coupling between common and branch channels
US3321717A (en) * 1965-09-07 1967-05-23 Willis H Harper Low-loss, broadband, programmable monopulse beam-selector switch
US3337820A (en) * 1965-09-07 1967-08-22 Willis H Harper Single-pole, multithrow stripline beam selector switch utilizing a plurality of varactor diodes
US3402369A (en) * 1965-10-19 1968-09-17 Nippon Electric Co Single pole, double throw, crystal diode switch

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4090035A (en) * 1975-12-17 1978-05-16 Martin Marietta Corporation Line access module
FR2532479A1 (fr) * 1982-08-27 1984-03-02 Thomson Csf Dephaseur hyperfrequence digital a deux bits et son utilisation dans une antenne a balayage electronique
US5905472A (en) * 1997-08-06 1999-05-18 Raytheon Company Microwave antenna having wide angle scanning capability
US20090083877A1 (en) * 2002-07-30 2009-03-26 Christopher Dale Rock Transcription Factors, DNA and Methods for Introduction of Value-Added Seed Traits and Stress Tolerance
US20120313819A1 (en) * 2011-06-13 2012-12-13 Chia-Tien Li Active Antenna and Electronic Device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4918450A (xx) 1974-02-18
FR2180745A1 (xx) 1973-11-30
DE2303737A1 (de) 1973-10-25
IT974873B (it) 1974-07-10
CA967649A (en) 1975-05-13
GB1351090A (en) 1974-04-24
NL7304656A (xx) 1973-10-19

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