US3765873A - Method of producing ferro-nickel or metallic nickel - Google Patents

Method of producing ferro-nickel or metallic nickel Download PDF

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US3765873A
US3765873A US3765873DA US3765873A US 3765873 A US3765873 A US 3765873A US 3765873D A US3765873D A US 3765873DA US 3765873 A US3765873 A US 3765873A
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nickel
iron
ore
magnesia
silica
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Y Sato
T Matsumori
M Matsuda
Y Ohi
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Nippon Yakin Kogyo Co Ltd
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Nippon Yakin Kogyo Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
    • C22B23/021—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes by reduction in solid state, e.g. by segregation processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
    • C22B23/023—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes with formation of ferro-nickel or ferro-cobalt
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • ABSTRACT A method of refining nickel from iron-rich nickel ore by adding silica therein, so that the silica may form fayalite with iron in the ore for suppressing the reduction of iron by taking advantage of the very low reducibility of fayalite.
  • Silica to be added to the iron-rich nickel ore can be prepared by separating magnesia from nickel magnesium silicate ore, while using the exhaust gas from the nickel refining process as the source of carbon dioxide gas required for the magnesia separation. In this case, magnesia becomes a byproduct of the nickel refining process.
  • This invention relates to a method of producing ferro-nickel or metallic nickel, and more particularly to a method of producing ferro-nickel or metallic nickel from iron-rich nickel ore or iron-rich nickel oxide.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for producing ferro-nickel or metallic nickel from nickel ore and nickel oxide containing a large amount of iron, by adding separately prepared silica to the starting material, which silica is prepared, for instance, by removing magnesia from nickel magnesium silicate ore.
  • Nickel is an indispensable metal for making stainless steel and heat-resisting alloy. As the consumption of nickel increases, the availability of high grade nickel ores gradually decrease, and there has been an increasing need for a process of making ni'ckel from comparatively low grade ores, such as laterite, containing a large amount of iron, as shown in Table 1. There have been a number of studies made heretofore on the process of producing ferronickel from iron-rich nickel ore. Among such studies, the nickel-preferred reduction is most important.
  • nickel-preferred reduction is based on the difference in the thermodynamic properties of nickel and iron; namely, iron has a greater affinity for oxygen than has nickel.
  • iron-rich nickel ore such as laterite
  • iron and nickel are simultaneously reduced, and it is very difficult to give preference to the reduction of nickel over that of iron.
  • iron-rich nickel ore is reduced in a conditioned gaseous atmosphere
  • both nickel and iron are simultaneously formed by reduction, and the resultant ferronickel has a comparatively low nickel content. It has been difficult to improve the nickel content in the ferro-nickel by any further treatment.
  • iron contained in iron-rich nickel ores can be fixed in the form of difficultly reducible fayalite, so that the selective reduction of nickel can be effected based on the difference of the reducibility between fayalite and nickel compound.
  • fayalite 2FeO 8102
  • chemical formulae The formation and decomposition of fayalite (2FeO 8102) can be represented by the following chemical formulae.
  • nickel refining method of the present invention has the following advantages.
  • Ferro-riickel or metallic nickel of high grade can be achieved, because reduction is accelerated for both nickel in iron-rich nickel ore and nickel in the residue from magnesia separation of nickel magnesium silicate ore.
  • the carbon dioxide in the exhaust g a s from the re duction of both iron-rich nickel ore and the residue from the magnesia separation of nickel magnesium silicate ore can be used for the extraction of magnesia from the nickel magnesium silicate ore, so that the overall heat efficiency of the process is improved.
  • another object of the present invention is to provide an improved nickel refining method comprising two groups of steps; namely, a group of steps for pretreating the nickel magnesium silicate ore for extracting magnesia, and another group of steps for producing ferronickel from the iron-rich nickel ore by using the residue from the first group of steps.
  • magnesia it is one of the important features of the present invention that conventionally discarded magnesium in the nickel magnesium silicate ore, such as garnierite, is extracted in the form of magnesia for useful applications. Since the magnesia thus extracted has certain commercial value, the overall economy of the nickel refining process from iron-rich nickel ore can considerfayalite for the seably be improved, in which the residue from the magnesia extraction can be used as the silica source for the formation of fayalite from the iron compounds contained in the iron-rich ore, which fayalite is effective in suppressing the reduction of iron compund.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of a nickel refining process according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relation between the yield of magnesia and calcining conditions
  • FIG. 3 is a graph, showing the relation between the yieldof magnesia and the concentration of calcined ore in the slurry
  • FIG. 4 is a graph, illustrating the relation between the yield of magnesia and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the gas blown into the slurry of calcined nickel magnesium silicate ore;
  • FIG. 5 is an equilibrium diagram for reducing reactions in an Fe-SiO-C-O system
  • FIG. 6 is a graph, illustrating the relation between the degree of reduction and temperature in the reducing process, according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is an X-ray diffraction diagram of typical fayalite
  • FIG. 8 is an X-ray diffraction diagram of products from an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph, illustrating the relations between the degree of reduction of nickel and iron and the reducing temperature.
  • FIG. 10 is an X-ray diffraction diagram of products formed in a different embodiment of the present invention.
  • Laterite and garnierite contain iron in the form of limonite (Fe O 1111 0
  • the limonite releases its Water of crystallization at about 300 to 350 C and becomes ferric oxide Fe O
  • the ferric oxide Fe O can easily be reduced by carbon monoxide to produce Fe O, according to the following chemical reaction.
  • the concentration of carbon monoxide in the gas for the last mentioned reduction can be low.
  • the minimum content of carbon monoxide in the reducing atmosphere for the production of fayalite is at least 1.6% at 400 to 1,400 C, and fayalite can easily be formed without regulating the reducing atmosphere.
  • Fe O generated by the reduction (3) is further reduced to FeO or Fe, as shown by the line C-C D in FIG. 5, and Fe() is further reduced to metallic iron, as shown by the line C'-E of FIG. 5.
  • fayalite Z FeO SiO which can be formed by the presence of silica and a comparatively low content of carbon monoxide, cannot be reduced unless the content of carbon monoxide in the reducing atmosphere is much higher than that required for the reduction of simple iron oxide. More particularly, the reducing of fayalite to metallic iron takes place only when the content of carbon monoxide in the reducing atmosphere is or higher, as shown by the line F-F of FIG. 5.
  • silica can be used as a kind of fixer for stabilizing iron in the reducing atmosphere.
  • fayalite intentionally by adding silica.
  • the formation of fayalite has heretofore been avoided in the art of iron manufacture.
  • the present invention intends to take advantage of the fa yalite formation for accelerating the nickel reduction while suppressing the iron reduction.
  • nickel olivine (2NiO cess according to the present invention Due care should be given to the chemical behavior of nickel in the presence of silica in a reducing atmosphere.
  • a compound of nickel oxide and silica has been known, which is referred to as nickel olivine (2NiO cess according to the present invention, the presence of silica will become detrimental to the nickel refining, because nickel olivine is hardly reducible.
  • the inventors have confirmed that the method of the invention is free from such formation of nickel olivine.
  • tests were made by adding silica and silicacontaining residue, to be referred to hereinafter, in laterite ore from New Caledonia.
  • the mixture of the ore and silica thus added was reduced by heating it at 600 to 1,200 C. It was found by such tests that the silica thus added was effective in suppressing the reduction of iron but not the reduction of nickel.
  • the reduction of nickel was actually improved in the case of using the silica-containing residue by the presence of the silica.
  • the freedom of the method of the present invention from formation of nickel olivine seems to be in the fact that, in the case of iron-rich nickel ores, such as laterite, metallic nickel being reduced tends to melt in metallic iron, and the activity of the nickel in the reducing system is so reduced that nickel olivine is not formed despite the presence of silica.
  • the silicacontaining residue made from nickel magnesium silicate ore is used, the crystal structure of the residue is broken by the formation of fayalite, so as to accelerate the reduction of nickel.
  • the chemical composition of laterite ores varies, depending on where they are produced. Typical composition of lateritescurrently available in Japan is shown in ing atmosphere are greatly simplified, and various kinds of reducing agents in solid, liquid, and gas phase can be used, such as coke, coal, natural coke, hydrocarbon gas, carbon monoxide gas, etc.
  • the content of carbon monoxide in the reducing atmosphere should be within the range above the line B-B" of FIG. 5.
  • Theoretically, such range of carbon monoxide content (B-B") is below the lower limit of carbon monoxide for fayalite formation in the reducing atmosphere (B-B), and there is no difficulty in preparing it.
  • the silica to be used in the method of the invention for fixing iron in the laterite can be either pure silica or silicacontaining ores. Natural silica and mountain sand are most commonly used for such purposes.
  • the silicate ores to be used as the source of silica in the method according to the present invention, for fixing iron, may sometimes contain magnesia (MgO).
  • MgO magnesia
  • This magnesia reacts with SiO to form forsterite, which is a substituted compound similar to fayalite.
  • the forsterite thus generated may form a solid solution together with fayalite, which is known as forsterite-fayalite. Accordingly, if magnesia is present in the silica source, fayalite may not be generated as a simple compound, but it often takes the form of a solid solution of forsteritefayalite.
  • the iron compound to be formed in the method of the present invention for controlling the reduction of iron is not restricted to fayalite alone, but it may include solid solutions of fayalite with other compounds, such as forsterite-fayalite solid solution.
  • laterite is used as the iron-rich nickel ore for producing ferro-nickel or metallic nickel according to the present invention.
  • the starting material of the method of the present invention is not restricted to laterite alone, but any other iron-rich nickel ores may be used, such as garnierite and iron enriched gamierite.
  • any nickel oxides with high iron-content may also be used as the starting material of the method of the invention, even when such compounds are not in the form of ore.
  • nickel magnesium silicate ore e.g., gamierite
  • the silica source after separating magnesia therefrom.
  • the ore to be used as the silica source such as garnierite, is at first crushed to the grain size suitable for the next following step of calcination,
  • the ore thus crushed is calcined at about 500 to 800 C, to remove the water of crystallization in the ore, for separating gangue component (MgO) by decomposing the crystal structure of magnesium silicate.
  • a slurry was made by adding eight to 50 parts by weight of water to one part by weight of the ore thus calcined.
  • the slurry is agitated in a slurry tank at 20 to 50 C for about 0.5 to 3 hours, by blowing carbon dioxide gas (G0,) at different pressures in the range of l to about 20 atmospheric pressures.
  • G0 carbon dioxide gas
  • the slurry thus agitated is filtered at an elevated pressure.
  • the filtrate is suddenly exposed to the atmospheric pressure or boiled, so as to generate precipitates of magnesium carbonate MgCO 3H O, while causing evaporation of carbon dioxide gas dissolved therein.
  • the operating conditions of the aforesaid separation of magnesia from starting nickel magnesium silicate ore will now be described in further detail.
  • the starting ore is crushed, preferably to the grain size of mesh, as pointed out in the foregoing, so as to facilitate the succeeding calcining and extracting processes.
  • the purpose of the calcining process is to thermally decompose the ore, so as to prepare it for the separation of magnesia MgO.
  • both magnesia MgO and nickel oxide are in the form of solid solution with silicate, and by the calcination, the magnesia MgO is converted into an easily extractible form and nickel is converted into an easily reducible form.
  • the temperature for initiating the decomposition of the crystal of the nickel magnesium silicate ore, which crystal contains MgO in the form of hydrous silicate, is about 500 C, preferably 600 C. Thus, the minimum temperature for the calcination is 500 C.
  • Magnesia MgO and silica SiO thus separated from the crystal of the nickel magnesium silicate ore by the calcination may be recombined to form hardly separable forsterite (2Mg0 -SiO if tlTey are heated to 800 C or higher. Accordingly, the calcining temperature should be below 800 C. Therefore, the suitable range of calcining temperature is 500 to 800 C.
  • FIG. 2 shows the relation between the yield of magnesia and one of the calcining conditions, i.e., calcining time.
  • the yield is expressed in terms of the percentage of the amount of MgO extracted in the form of MgCO 83H O to the amount of MgO originally contained in the starting ore. Namely,
  • the abscissa represents the calcining time.
  • Water is added to the ore thus calcined, to prepare a slurry.
  • concentration of the ore in the slurry should preferably be low, because the solubility of the magnesium bicarbonate, to be generated in the next step, is about 0.64 gram/100 cc H O at 35 C under the atmospheric pressure.
  • tests were made by determining the yield of magnesia for different concentrations of the calcined ore in the slurry.
  • the quantity of water in the slurry was varied from one to 40 parts by weight per one part by weight of the calcined ore.
  • Carbon dioxide (CO gas treatment was carried out for one hour by blowing a gaseous mixture of CO and N,, with 20% of C0,, into the slurry, at a rate of 2 liters/minute, while keeping the reaction temperature at 35 C and exposing the slurry to atmospheric pressure.
  • the results are represented by the curve P-P' of FIG. 3.
  • the ordinate shows the yield of magnesia, as defined in the foregoing, reference to FIG. 2.
  • the suitable concentration of the calcined ore in the slurry is eight to 50 parts by weight of water per one part by weight of the ore, based on reasonable duration of the carbon dioxide treatment, such as l to 3 hours. If the quantity of water is less than eight parts by weight per one part by weight of the ore, the yield of magnesia is too low, while if the quantity of water exceeds 50 parts by weight per one part by weight of the ore, the yield cannot be improved although the facilities must be expanded for handling the increased quantity of water.
  • the slurry of the calcined ore is subjected to carbon dioxide treatment in a slurry tank by blowing a carbon-dioxide-containing gas thereto, so as to effect chemical reaction (5).
  • carbon dioxide treatment if the reaction temperature is too low, the reaction velocity becomes too slow. On the other hand, if the reaction temperature is too high, the solubility of carbon dioxide gas is undesirably lowered.
  • the preferred temperature range is 20 to 50 C.
  • the pressure of carbon dioxide gas, or the partial pressure of C0 in the carbon-dioxide-containing gas, should be determined by considering the solubility of carbon dioxide gas in water.
  • high partial pressure of CO is effective in improving its solubility in water and improving the yield of magnesia MgO.
  • the effects of the partial pressure of CO, on the yield of magnesia was checked by blowing carbon-dioxide-containing gas with different partial pressures of CO, in a slurry for l hour at 50 C.
  • the slurry was made by adding parts by weight of water to one part by weight of the calcined ore.
  • the partial pressure of CO was varied in the range of l to 7 atm. The results are shown in FIG. 4.
  • a partition means is provided to define a filtrate chamber, which is contiguous to a slurry chamber holding the slurry.
  • the filtering process may be carried out while keeping both the slurry chamber and the filtrate chamber at the same pressure level. Therefore, the reduction of pressure of both filtrate chamber and slurry chamber may be followed after ending of filtration.
  • silica in the residue thus prepared is considerably improved, as compared with that in the starting ore.
  • some of the garnierite ores which were used in one of the tests made by the inventors, contained 40.62% of SiO and 2.97% of (NH-Co), and such contents were improved to 49.45% and 3.75%, respectively, by the aforesaid magnesiumremoving treatment.
  • excellent sources of silica are prepared, which can also be used as the source of nickel.
  • the reducibility of nickel is greatly improved by decomposing the hydrous silicate crystals through the aforesaid calcining process.
  • the filtrate contains Mg, and as the pressure of the filtrate is changed, for instance, by exposing it to the atmosphere or by boiling it, the residual carbon dioxide gas is expelled from the filtrate to product precipitates of MgCo 3H O.
  • silica-containing residue by removing magnesia from the nickel magnesium silicate ore, is then mixed with iron-rich nickel ore or iron-rich nickel oxide.
  • the mixture is heated in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature high enough for generating fayalite or fayalite-forsterite solidv solution, so that the reduction of nickel may be accelerated while suppressing the reduction of iron by means of the fayalite or fayaliteforsterite solid solution thus generated.
  • the silica-containing residue includes a sizable amount of nickel, in addition to the silica, and hence, the residue can be used both as a silica source and a nickel source.
  • the desired ferronickel with a high nickel content can be obtained by crushing, and removing the fayalite or the fayaliteforsterite solid solution by a table type or wet type magnetic separator.
  • the iron component in the form of fayalite or fayalite-forsterite solid solution is transferred to slags, due to the nonmagnetic properties of such form of the compound.
  • the exhaust gas from the reducing process of the mixture contains hot carbon dioxide gas, and such exhaust gas can advantageously be used for the separation of magnesia from the slurry of the nickel magnesium silicate ore, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the overall heat efficiency of the nickel refining process according to the present invention can be kept at a high level.
  • the hot exhaust gas from the reducing process for heating the nickel magnesium silicate ore to be calcined for the separation of magnesia. Thereby, the overall heat efficiency will further be improved.
  • Nickel magnesium silicate ore consisting of garnierite from New Caledonia, which has a chemical composition as shown in Table 2, was crushed to a grain size finer than 100 mesh and calcined at 600 C for 2 hours.
  • fayalite was confirmed by using X-ray diffraction diagrams.
  • an X-ray diffraction diagram of standard fayalite was separately prepared, and the X-ray diffraction diagram of the ac- A slurry was made by adding 200 cc of water in grams 5 tual samples were compared with the standard diagram of the ore thus calcined, and then agitated for 2 hours for checking the formation and the presence of fayalite. while blowing the exhaust gas from the reducing pro-
  • the samples treated by the method of the present incess, to be described hereinafter, at a rate of 1 literlvention and the conventional method were analysed, min, for dissolving carbon dioxide gas therein.
  • the exand the results are shown in Table 4.
  • the degree of rehaust gas was 40 C and consisted of about of car l0 duction R, as defined above, was determined for each bon dioxide gas, and about 80% of nitrogen gas, incluof the samples thus treated, and the results are shown sive of about 0.1% of carbon monoxide gas.
  • Table 5 shows the content of metallic nickel in the metallic products of Table 4, which is'defined as follows.
  • the above degree of reduction R corresponds to the commonly used deoxidation ratio.
  • the content of nickel in the metallic product made by the method of the present invention is more than 10%, while the correspond- ;ing content in the metallic product of the conventional imethod is low.
  • the starting material' is be used for the manufacture of high grade ferronickel.
  • laterite can be used as the starting matecontaining residue thus prepared contained magnesia, rial of nickel making, according to the present inven- .as shown in Table 7, and the magnesia forms forsterite tion. (2Mg0 SiO during the reducing process, as pointed As a reference for checking the formation of fayalite, out in the foregoing.
  • fayalite was formed by the method of the about 27% of iron, based on the total mixture, can be present invention, for suppressing the reduction of fixed by such silica. iron.
  • the slurry thus ag- For further comparison, the iron-rich nickel ore with itated was filtered by using a filter cloth, while keeping the composition of Table 3 and the silica-containing the slurry tank at 10 Kg/crn and the filtrate chamber residue with the composition of Table 6 were separessure at 8.5 to 9 K lcm ratel reduced without mixin to ether.
  • the conditions P g y g g The yield of Mg() in this process was about 43%, and of the reducing process were the same as those for the the yield of Ni() was 2.4%.
  • the chemical composition reduction of the mixture, and both coke and pure car- Of the silica-containing residue was determined, as bon monoxide gas were used as the reducing agent for shown in Table 6.
  • A- mixture was made by adding 140 parts by weight ore and the silica-containingresidue, respectively. of iron-rich nickel ore (laterite from New Caledonia), The results are shownin Table 8, and the relation with the composition of Table 3, into 100 parts by between the reducing temperature and the degree of weight of the silica-containing residue with the comporeduction i ho i FIG 9, sition of Table 6.
  • Thecomposition of the mixture thus The reducing process (1) of the present invention in prepared was determined as Shown in Tab e 7 Table 8 uses coke and argon at'mosphere for constitut- TABLE?
  • Reducing agent-coke (argon p cause a wide range of reducing gas concentration is al- 2 Reducing agent-Pure 00 gas.
  • fayalite may be reduced by solid carbon as in the case of a blast furnace for pig iron.
  • the amount of carbon to be added must be limited to the bare minimum, which is necessary for the reduction of iron and nickel.
  • the reduction of nickel it is apparent from the comparison of the methods (I), (2) of the present I invention with the known methods (1), (2) that the nickel reduction is not affected by the presence of fayalite and fayalite-forsterite solid solution. Furthermore, the rate of metallic nickel'productionin the method of the invention is superior to that of the known method (1), even at an elevated temperature. This improvement in the degree of nickel reduction is due to the fact that the reduced nickel forms a solid solution with metallic iron to reduce its activity, and that the formation of fayalite by using iron contained in the ore accelerates the breakdown of crystalline structure of nickel magnesium silicate ores, e.g., garnierite.
  • fayalite for the control of iron reduction is not only a feature of the present invention but also the finding of the inventors, on which the present invention is based.
  • FIG. 10 An X-ray diffraction diagram was prepared for the sample, which was treated by the method (2) of the present invention at l,200 C. The result is shown in FIG. 10. The comparison of FIG. 10 with FIG. 7 clearly indicates that fayalite and fayalite-forsterite solid solution were generated in the sample being treated by the method of .the present invention.
  • the reduction of nickel while suppressing the iron reduction is established in that iron-rich nickel oxide or ironrich nickel ore is mixed with silica-containing residue after the removal of magnesia from nickel magnesium silicate ore, and that the mixture is heated at a temperature high enough for the formation of fayalite in an atmosphere containing carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide under the conditions of (CO/CO+CO being 1.6 to so that the formation of fayalite may be used for the suppression of iron reduction. Consequently, the following features can be achieved.
  • Iron-rich low grade nickel ore can be used for producing high grade ferro-nickel ore metallic nickel at a high yield.
  • silica-containing residue from the separation of magnesia from nickel magnesium silicate ore usually contains nickel, and the addition of such silica-containing residue in iron-rich ore or ironrich nickel oxide results in the increase in the absolute amount of nickel available for nickel reduction, as compared with the corresponding amount when pure silica is added instead of the residue.
  • the exhaust gas from the nickel reducing process can be used for the separation of magnesia in the slurry.
  • the overall heat efficiency is improved, resulting in a reduced cost of magnesia.
  • the exhaust gas from the nickel reducing step can also be fed back for the calcination step in the flow sheet of FIG. 1 as shown in dotted line, whereby the overall heat efficiency of the process is considerably improved.
  • a method of refining nickel by reducing iron-rich starting material and nickel magnesium silicate ore comprising 7 crushing the nickel magnesium silicate ore;
  • aid slurry is made by adding eight to 50 parts by weight of silica-containing residue as a reducing agent.

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Cited By (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3933477A (en) * 1970-02-02 1976-01-20 Nippon Yakin Kogyo Company Limited Method of producing ferro-nickel or metallic nickel
US5211745A (en) * 1991-06-07 1993-05-18 Dominion Mining Limited Nickel processing
US20140135239A1 (en) * 2010-12-08 2014-05-15 Rhodia Operations Corrosion inhibitors
CN104117432A (zh) * 2014-07-10 2014-10-29 中南大学 磁种浮选方法
CN108165733A (zh) * 2018-01-02 2018-06-15 昆明理工大学 一种硅镁型红土镍矿中镍、铁、镁多金属综合回收的方法
CN110527848A (zh) * 2019-09-30 2019-12-03 青岛中资中程集团股份有限公司 一种红土镍矿闪速炉还原熔炼生产镍铁的方法
US20230340649A1 (en) * 2019-10-11 2023-10-26 Newsouth Innovations Pty Limited Preparation of nickel-based alloys using waste materials

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4120698A (en) * 1977-11-21 1978-10-17 The Hanna Mining Company Recovery of nickel from wastes
GB2156793B (en) * 1984-04-02 1988-01-27 Commw Scient Ind Res Org Magnesium oxide production
US5178666A (en) * 1991-12-03 1993-01-12 Inco Limited Low temperature thermal upgrading of lateritic ores

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Cited By (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3933477A (en) * 1970-02-02 1976-01-20 Nippon Yakin Kogyo Company Limited Method of producing ferro-nickel or metallic nickel
US5211745A (en) * 1991-06-07 1993-05-18 Dominion Mining Limited Nickel processing
US20140135239A1 (en) * 2010-12-08 2014-05-15 Rhodia Operations Corrosion inhibitors
US9752236B2 (en) * 2010-12-08 2017-09-05 Rhodia Operations Corrosion inhibitors
CN104117432A (zh) * 2014-07-10 2014-10-29 中南大学 磁种浮选方法
CN104117432B (zh) * 2014-07-10 2016-03-16 中南大学 磁种浮选方法
CN108165733A (zh) * 2018-01-02 2018-06-15 昆明理工大学 一种硅镁型红土镍矿中镍、铁、镁多金属综合回收的方法
CN110527848A (zh) * 2019-09-30 2019-12-03 青岛中资中程集团股份有限公司 一种红土镍矿闪速炉还原熔炼生产镍铁的方法
US20230340649A1 (en) * 2019-10-11 2023-10-26 Newsouth Innovations Pty Limited Preparation of nickel-based alloys using waste materials

Also Published As

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PH9701A (en) 1976-02-19
FR2050048A5 (enExample) 1971-03-26
GB1309927A (en) 1973-03-14
CA926632A (en) 1973-05-22

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