US3765840A - Process for controlling the temperature of a dyeing mixture - Google Patents

Process for controlling the temperature of a dyeing mixture Download PDF

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Publication number
US3765840A
US3765840A US00145396A US3765840DA US3765840A US 3765840 A US3765840 A US 3765840A US 00145396 A US00145396 A US 00145396A US 3765840D A US3765840D A US 3765840DA US 3765840 A US3765840 A US 3765840A
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United States
Prior art keywords
mixture
water
temperature
dyeing
perchlorethylene
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00145396A
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English (en)
Inventor
L Durr
B Clay
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DARKO LOUIS L
TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY
TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY INC US
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TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY
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Assigned to DARKO, LOUIS L. reassignment DARKO, LOUIS L. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ST. SEVILLE DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, 1229 COUNTY CLUB ROAD, INDIANAPOLIS, IN. 46234
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/90—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in organic solvents or aqueous emulsions thereof
    • D06P1/92—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in organic solvents or aqueous emulsions thereof in organic solvents
    • D06P1/922—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in organic solvents or aqueous emulsions thereof in organic solvents hydrocarbons
    • D06P1/924—Halogenated hydrocarbons
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B23/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of apparatus or machines, specially adapted for the treating of textile materials, not restricted to a particular kind of apparatus, provided for in groups D06B1/00 - D06B21/00
    • D06B23/20—Arrangements of apparatus for treating processing-liquids, -gases or -vapours, e.g. purification, filtration or distillation
    • D06B23/22—Arrangements of apparatus for treating processing-liquids, -gases or -vapours, e.g. purification, filtration or distillation for heating
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B9/00—Solvent-treatment of textile materials
    • D06B9/02—Solvent-treatment of textile materials solvent-dyeing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/90—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in organic solvents or aqueous emulsions thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/18—Heating by arc discharge
    • H05B7/185—Heating gases for arc discharge
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
    • Y10S8/934—High temperature and pressure dyeing

Definitions

  • the temperature of textile treatment liquids has been controlled by controlling the amount of steam fed to a heat exchanger through which the liquids are circulated.
  • Thermostatic type controls are often used to sense the temperature of the liquids and to automatically control the steam flow.
  • Electric heating systems coupled to thermostatic controls are sometimes used to maintain a temperature.
  • This invention relates to subjecting textiles to a treating mixture containing two or-more liquids, heating the mixture to obtain rapid vaporization of the liquid, condensing the resulting vapors and directing at least a portion of the condensate away from the treating mixture until the temperature of the dyeing mixture increases to a desired level.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates textile treating apparatus embodying the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph indicating with a solid line the manner in which the boiling point of a mixture of water and perchlorethylene varies depending upon the relative amounts of each and indicating with a dotted line the composition of the vapors at the various temperatures.
  • FIG. 1 there is illustrated a container 10 which has within it a rotating textile receiving basket 11 of the type conventionally used in dry cleaning machines.
  • a textile treating mixture 12 Within the container 10 is a textile treating mixture 12 and within the basket 11 are textiles 30 to be treated.
  • the treating mixture 12 is circulated and heated by a mill pump 14 and a steam heated heat exchanger 13.
  • Vapors from the heated mixture 12 can pass through a vapor outlet 15 to a water cooled condenser 16.
  • a vent 17 in the condenser 16 assures that atmospheric pressure will always be maintained within container 10.
  • the condensate from the condenser 16 passes from the condenser outlet 18 to two valves 19 and 20.
  • the two valves are controlled by the valve control 21 in such a manner that when one of the valves is open the other is closed.
  • the valve control 21 is essentially a thermostat or the equivalent thereof and of conventional design. It has a temperature sensing probe 22 to permit response to the temperature of the textile treating mixture 12.
  • Valve 19 is opened when the textile treating mixture is below the desired temperature and valve 20 is opened when the desired temperature is reached.
  • a storage tank 23 stores the condensate which is produced while valve 19 is open.
  • the solvents chosen be related to the temperature desired to be obtained.
  • Azeotrope forming mixtures are preferred. Those mixtures which form azeotropes will have a boiling point which is different than the boiling point of either of the two liquids of which it is formed. The boiling point will depend upon the ratio of the two liquids.
  • Perchlorethylene and water are azeotrope-forming liquids.
  • the graph of FIG. 2 illustrates witha solid line the manner in which the boiling point of a mixture of perchlorethylene and water varies dependent upon the percentage of water in a perchlorethylene and water mixture.
  • Line ab represents the boiling point of a one phase liquid containing a small percentage of perchlorethylene in water.
  • Line bc represents the boiling point of a two phase liquid, one phase containing mostly perchlorethylene and the other mostly water.
  • Line cd represents the boiling point of a one phase liquid containing a small percentage of water in perchlorethylene.
  • the vapor at 87.7C contains 15.8 percent by weight of water (point e
  • the dotted line'of the graph illustrates an approximate condensation curve for the vapors.
  • any temperature from 87.7 to 121 C can be obtained in a boiling mixture and the temperature is dependent upon the percentage of water in the perchlorethylene. Vapors from a boiling mixture of perchlorethylene and water having less than 15.8 percent water will have a higher concentration of water than will the mixture from which the vapors came. Thus by boiling the mixture having less than 15.8 percent water and allowing the vapors to escape, the concentration of water in the mixture will decrease. When the water concentration decreases to about 6 percent, the boiling point will begin to rise and will continue to rise from 87.7 to 121 C as the water concentration decreases further, eventually to zero at 121 C. If it is desired to remain at any temperature within that range, all that has to be done is to condense the vapors from the boiling mixture and return them to the mixture. This willkeep the water concentration constant and will thus prevent an increase in the boiling point.
  • the boiling point of such a mixture is thus continuously variable over a fairly broad range.
  • the specific heat of perchlorethylene is 0.21 cal./g/ C and of water is l cal./g/ C. if a mixture of these two liquids is not at the boiling point, heat transferred from a'heat exchanger to a textile in the mixture must be transferred by an increase in temperature of the mixture. However, if the mixture is at the boiling point, heat can be transferred primarily by a change in phase not involving a temperature change.
  • the latent heat of evaporation for perchlorethylene is 50.1 cal/g. and for water it is 545.1 cal/g. Thus it is much easier to maintain a uniform temperature in a mixture which is boiling than in a mixture which is not boiling.
  • This characteristic of a mixture having a boiling point different than the boiling point of the liquids from which the mixture was made is not limited to perchlorethylene and water mixtures, but rather it is characteristic of all azeotrope forming liquids. Both trichloroethylene and 1,1,l-trichloroethane form azeotropes with water and are conventionally used in the textile industry. Aside from the improved regulation of temperature which such mixtures can provide, such mixtures have the advantage of providing both water and a nonaqueous solvent for reactions at a high temperature with the textile. Water acts as a plasticizer for synthetic fibers and causes swelling of cellulosic fibers which aids in dyeing.
  • Water also acts as a solvent for many textile treating materials, typically those which have polar molecules such as acid dyes.
  • the solvent can wet textiles much more rapidly than water, it requires less heat to reach a specific temperature and it acts as a solvent for many textile treating materials, typically those which'have essentially non-polar molecules such as disperse dyes. The high temperatures will cause rapid reaction rates.
  • the preferred treatment temperature range of many dyeing processes. While this does not prevent a rapid and uneven rise in temperature to the boiling point, it does eliminate the need for thermostatically controlled valves.
  • the preferred ranges of ingredients of the treating mixture when the desired temperature is above 92C and the process is carried out under atmospheric pressure are:
  • EXAMPLE 1 In a textile treating apparatus of the aforedescribed type (FIG. 1), 1,200 grams of woven 100 percent nylon 66 fabric was subjected to a treating mixture of 19 liters of perchlorethylene, 500 ml. of water, 5 grams of an acid dye, Eriosin Scarlet 4R Supra dye made by Geigy Chemical Company Ardsley, N.Y., 20 ml. of a slightly cationic carrier and softener, Laureltex DAV made by Laurel Products Corp. Philadelphia, Pa., and 50 ml. of a solution of a detergent, Staticol made by RR. Streets, Inc., Chicago, lll.
  • the mill pump circulated this treating mixture, originally at 25 C, through a steam heated heat exchanger; and the temperature of the mixture increased about l0 C per minute until the mixture began to boil.
  • the basket containing the textiles was rotated during the preceding steps.
  • Vapors from the boiling mixture were condensed in a condenser and directed away from the boiling mixture until a temperature of 98 C was reached.
  • the rate of rise of temperature was about 08C per minute while the condensate was being directed away.
  • the condensate was directed back to the mixture and the temperature remained at 98C for 4 minutes.
  • the steam to the heat exchanger was turned off and the mixture drained from the apparatus.
  • the fabric was then rinsed with 19 liters of perchlorethylene for 2 minutes and dried with 50 to 55C air for 10 minutes.
  • the dyed fabric was a moderately deep red color, evenly dyed. It had very good light fastness, wash fastness, cracking and abrasion test results.
  • EXAMPLE 2 In a textile treating apparatus of the aforedescribed type (FIGJ), 900 grams of a 100 percent polyester fabric was subjected to a treating mixture of 19 liters of perchlorethylene, 600 ml. of water, 5g. of a disperse dye, Resolin Dark Blue Bl made by Verona, Union,
  • Vapors from the boiling mixture were condensed in a condenser and directed away from the boiling mixture until a temperature of 98C was reached.
  • the rate of rise of temperature was about 0.8C per minute while the condensate was being directed away.
  • the condensate was directed back to the mixture and the temperature remained at 99C for 20 minutes.
  • the steam to the heat exchanger was turned off and the mixture drained from the apparatus.
  • the fabric was rinsed with 19 liters of perchlorethylene for 3 minutes and dried with 50 to 55 C air for minutes.
  • EXAMPLE 3 In a textile treating apparatus of the aforedescribed type (FlG.l), 800 grams of an acrylic fabric was subjected to a treating mixture containing 32 grams of a basic dye Astrazon Blue B liquid made by Verona, 400 ml. water, 18 l. trichlorethylene, and 130 ml. of an emulsifier, Tanatex DS-l4 made by Tanatex Chemical Corp., Lyndhurst, NJ. The mill pump circulated this treating mixture, originally at 25C, through a steam heated heat exchanger, and the temperature of the mixture increased about 10C per minute until the mixture began to boil.
  • a basic dye Astrazon Blue B liquid made by Verona
  • 400 ml. water 18 l. trichlorethylene
  • 130 ml. of an emulsifier Tanatex DS-l4 made by Tanatex Chemical Corp., Lyndhurst, NJ.
  • the mill pump circulated this treating mixture, originally at 25C, through a steam heated heat exchanger
  • Vapors from the boiling mixture were condensed and directed away from the mixture until a temperature of 80C was reached.
  • the rate of rise of remperature was about 0.8C per minute while the condensate was being directed away.
  • the condensate was directed back to the mixture and the temperature remained at 80C for 5 minutes.
  • the steam to the heat exchanger was turned off and the mixture drained from the apparatus.
  • the fabric was rinsed with 19 liters of trichlorethylene for 3 minutes and dried with 50 to 55C air for 10 minutes.
  • EXAMPLE 4 In a textile treating apparatus of the aforedescribed type (FlG.l) and with the valve control 21 adjusted so that valve is always open, 1,200 grams of a nylon fabric was subjected to a treating mixture containing 19 liters of perchlorethylene, 250 ml. of water, 5 grams of an acid dye, Eriosin Scarlet 4R Supra, and 50 ml. of a detergent, Staticol. The mill pump circulated this treating mixture, originally at C, through a steam heated heat exchanger, and the temperature of the mixture increased about 1C per minute until the mixture began to boil at 98C. The temperature stabilized at 99and remained there for 6 minutes. The fabric was rinsed as in the preceeding examples and the results of the dyeing were very good. However, variations in humidity, moisture content of the fabric, and residual moisture within the system make it difiicult to consistently obtain a given temperature.
  • a process for controlling the temperature of a dyeing mixture under atmospheric pressure which comprises:
  • halogenated hydrocarbon is perchlorethylene and the water is presentin an amount less than 5 percent by weight.
  • a process for controlling the temperature of a dyeing mixture under atmospheric pressure which contains water and perchlorethylene which comprises:
  • a process for dyeing textiles which comprises:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Coloring (AREA)
US00145396A 1971-05-20 1971-05-20 Process for controlling the temperature of a dyeing mixture Expired - Lifetime US3765840A (en)

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US14539671A 1971-05-20 1971-05-20

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US (1) US3765840A (it)
BE (1) BE783606A (it)
DE (1) DE2224362A1 (it)
FR (1) FR2138718A1 (it)
GB (1) GB1314125A (it)
IT (1) IT957765B (it)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3973908A (en) * 1972-08-14 1976-08-10 The Dow Chemical Company Method for dyeing from solvents
US4080165A (en) * 1976-10-08 1978-03-21 Mcgraw-Edison Company Piece goods dyer and process of dyeing
US4255158A (en) * 1980-03-28 1981-03-10 King Samuel B Gasoline and petroleum fuel supplements
US4954222A (en) * 1988-11-18 1990-09-04 Durr Larry L Dry cleaning solvent filtration and recovery system with filter rinsing apparatus
US5653770A (en) * 1993-08-11 1997-08-05 Polo Ralph Lauren Corporation Antique-looking and feeling fabrics and garments and method of making same
CN105525464A (zh) * 2015-12-03 2016-04-27 新昌县开心纺织有限公司 一种纺织纱线自动染色控温干燥装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3330015A (en) * 1960-12-23 1967-07-11 Bohler & Weber Kg Fa Methods for the controlled shrinkage of textile fabrics
GB1103860A (en) * 1965-09-30 1968-02-21 Ici Ltd Dyeing process
NL6710789A (it) * 1966-09-01 1968-03-04
US3617208A (en) * 1968-11-25 1971-11-02 Daniel Stephen Delany Methods and apparatus for cleaning textiles

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3330015A (en) * 1960-12-23 1967-07-11 Bohler & Weber Kg Fa Methods for the controlled shrinkage of textile fabrics
US3473175A (en) * 1960-12-23 1969-10-21 American Permac Inc Process and apparatus for the controlled treatment of textiles
GB1103860A (en) * 1965-09-30 1968-02-21 Ici Ltd Dyeing process
NL6710789A (it) * 1966-09-01 1968-03-04
US3617208A (en) * 1968-11-25 1971-11-02 Daniel Stephen Delany Methods and apparatus for cleaning textiles

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Ciba Geigy Review, 1971/4, pp. 11 13. *
Milicevic, Solvent Dyeing; Theory & Practice , pp. 87 90, 95 98, Mar. 11, 1970. *
R. Q. Brewster, Organic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. 1953, pp. 118 120. *
W. A. S. White, Amer. Dyestuff Reporter, July 31, 1967, pp. 18 24. *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3973908A (en) * 1972-08-14 1976-08-10 The Dow Chemical Company Method for dyeing from solvents
US4080165A (en) * 1976-10-08 1978-03-21 Mcgraw-Edison Company Piece goods dyer and process of dyeing
US4255158A (en) * 1980-03-28 1981-03-10 King Samuel B Gasoline and petroleum fuel supplements
US4954222A (en) * 1988-11-18 1990-09-04 Durr Larry L Dry cleaning solvent filtration and recovery system with filter rinsing apparatus
US5653770A (en) * 1993-08-11 1997-08-05 Polo Ralph Lauren Corporation Antique-looking and feeling fabrics and garments and method of making same
CN105525464A (zh) * 2015-12-03 2016-04-27 新昌县开心纺织有限公司 一种纺织纱线自动染色控温干燥装置

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GB1314125A (en) 1973-04-18
FR2138718A1 (it) 1973-01-05
IT957765B (it) 1973-10-20
BE783606A (fr) 1972-09-18
DE2224362A1 (de) 1973-01-11

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AS Assignment

Owner name: DARKO, LOUIS L., INDIANA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ST. SEVILLE DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, 1229 COUNTY CLUB ROAD, INDIANAPOLIS, IN. 46234;REEL/FRAME:005381/0970

Effective date: 19900712