US3765154A - Tube-type electrostatic precipitator - Google Patents

Tube-type electrostatic precipitator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3765154A
US3765154A US00214740A US3765154DA US3765154A US 3765154 A US3765154 A US 3765154A US 00214740 A US00214740 A US 00214740A US 3765154D A US3765154D A US 3765154DA US 3765154 A US3765154 A US 3765154A
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Prior art keywords
tube
electrostatic precipitator
tubes
corona
stubs
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00214740A
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English (en)
Inventor
L Hardt
Wartenberg H Muller
H Rauschenberger
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GEA Group AG
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Metallgesellschaft AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/53—Liquid, or liquid-film, electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/10—Ionising electrode with two or more serrated ends or sides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
    • Y10S55/38—Tubular collector electrode

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A tube-type electrostatic precipitator in which the interior of a tube is provided with a film of conductive liquidto which the particles are attracted and which surrounds a corona discharge electrode. The outside of the tube is provided with fiberglass-reinforced synthetic-resin bands while the interior of the tube is sandblasted or otherwise roughened to a minimum roughness of 15 microns.
  • Electrostatic precipitators, dust or particle removers, filters and the like may be of the dry or wet type.
  • the gas passes through a compartment flanked by collector electrodes and having an array of corona-discharge electrodes substantially centered in the compartment.
  • the solid particles contained in the gas stream pick up electric charge by ionization and are attracted to collector electrodes of opposite polarity.
  • the collector electrodes are periodically rapped to shed the accumulated dust which may fall into troughs or bins for removal.
  • the collector electrode is formed by a film of liquid moving along a surface and to which the particles are attracted. It has been suggested in a system of the latter type to form the flow compartment as tubes whose inner walls serve to guide the film of liquid and surround coaxially a corona-discharge electrode.
  • a direct cooling is generally provided in which the water or some other solution is sprayed into the system and carries away part of the heat of the gas in a direct gas/liquid heat transfer. This increases the amount of liquid which must be processed although it improves the continuity of the film.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a liquidfilm electrostatic precipitator of the tube type having improved liquid-film distribution uniformity and dust or smoke pickup.
  • Still another object of the invention is the provision of a tube/electrode structure in a liquid-film electrofilter or electrostatic precipitator in which temperature and pressure stresses are more readily compensated or absorbed.
  • Some recesses may be somewhat deeper. For the purposes of the present invention, however, only the minimum roughness has been found to be critical.
  • the glass-fiber reinforced bands around the synthetic-resin tube thus appear to increase its stability and its compressible strength, i.e. its resistance to deformation under pressure, and allows the entire electrofilter housing as well as the collecting tubes to be of increased height.
  • the use of fiberglass reinforeced tube moreover, provides a substantial saving in weight by comparison to steel or lead electrostatic precipitators.
  • the present invention provides an electrostatic precipitator having an upper portion, an intermediate portion containing the collecting tubes, and a lower portion provided with a gascollection manifold communicating with the tubes.
  • Means is advantageously provided to allow relative axial displacement of the tube and parts of the housing or its support structure and, in accordance with conventional practice, a corona-discharge electrode passes generally centrally through the interior of the tube.
  • Each tube thus consists of a synthetic-resin sleeve around which the fiberglass-reinforced synthetic-resin band is wound and to which the reinforcing band is bonded, the inner surface of the sleeve being roughened as described earlier.
  • the use, directly, of glassfiber-reinforced tubes is not practical because the roughening step tends to expose the glass fibers and cause liquid to be drawn by the capillarity of the glass fibers into the wall of the tubing. The liquid crystallizes within the network of glass fibers and may destroy the tube by expansion therewithin.
  • a further advantage of the present invention resides in the fact that the electrostatic precipitator of the present invention can be easily assembled and disassembled as may be required. To this end, the upper portion and the intermediate portion are coupled together via flanges and a similar set of flanges is provided between the lower portion and the intermediate portion.
  • the support means being in the form of traverse members, support plates or brackets, have walls or partitions subdividing the interior of the housing into the several gas spaces.
  • these supporting portions of the wet electrofilter are provided within the housing from a metal core coated with synthetic resin. This construction provides high stability and strength for the supporting members.
  • the lower portion of the precipitator is formed with an upwardly convex or rough-shaped condensate bottom at which the liquid is conducted outwardly.
  • the condensate body is provided with a multiplicity of upstanding tube stubs which are received coaxially within the collecting tubes.
  • the rough-like configuration of the condensate body has the advantage that precipitated dust, liquid and sludge can pass from the tubes which terminate above the upper ends of the tubular stubs, outwardly to the collecting vessels. The gas, however, can pass without difficulty through the partition via the stubs.
  • each tube and the stub serves to discharge the liquid and the solids entrained thereby and maintains an equipotential electrical characteristic with respect to the condensate bottom and the tubes.
  • the liquid is permitted to drop from the lower edge of each collector tube without electrical disruption or dispersion and without creating a sparkdischarge condition.
  • Still another feature of the present invention resides in sealingly mounting each of the collector tubes in the upper portion of the precipitator housing in a selfsealing construction whereby the sealing force derives from the weight of the collector tube itself.
  • a support partition may be provided across the upper portion of the housing and formed with openings through which the individual collector tubes can be inserted from above, each of these openings may be formed with an upwardly convergent frustoconical seat against which an O-ring is clamped by a shoulder formed on the collecting tube.
  • the sealing means serves as a spacing and aligning element.
  • the grounding of the individual collector tubes is achieved by synthetic resin textile bands cemented to the inner face of each collector tube and cemented to or simply permitted to rest upon the condensate bottom.
  • the precipitated liquid and particles or salts contained therein are able to flow via the synthetic-resin textile bands onto the condensate bottom or wall.
  • the liquid thus provides the conductivity of the textile bands which is essential to apply the charge of the precipitating electrode surface (inner face of the tubes) to the condensate bottom.
  • Another advantage resides in the fact that the textile bonds can be adhesively secured directly to both the tube bottom or tube sheet and the collecting tubes associated therewith. This further reduces the tendency to arcing between the tube and the tube sheet and precludes disruption of the liquid transfer to the latter.
  • the corona-discharge electrodes are elongated elements extending centrally through the collector tubes, preferably along the axis thereof.
  • the corona-discharge electrodes are composed of corrosion-resistant materials, such as lead, titanium, tantalum or tungsten, or have coatings of such corrosion-resistant metals upon a core of some other material.
  • Metallic coronadischarge electrodes are preferred because of the resistance of such materials to aggressive gases which may be filtered in the apparatus.
  • the named metals are especially effective when the treated gases contain sulfuric acid, chlorine, hydrogen chloride and the like or their precursors such as sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide.
  • the corona-discharge electrodes are also provided with corona points, tongues or projections which may be concentrically arranged within the collector tube and may be axially and angularly spaced apart therein to increase the corona output.
  • the projections also have the advantage that the gases can traverse the tubes at high velocities in view of thegreater degree of corona formation, without reducing the filtering efficiency.
  • the synthetic-resin sleeve according to the invention is composed of polyvinyl chloride which is reinforced by the fiberglass-containing polyester bands. Surprisingly, this material is preferred over polytetrafluoroethylene which has a higher working temperature but is so expensive as to scarcely enter consideration.
  • gas bubbles and voids be excluded from the interface between the fiberglass-reinforced polyester bands and the the polyvinyl-chloride sleeve during the application of the bands to the latter.
  • the elimination of such voids reduces the possibility of separation of the reinforcing bands from the inner sleeve during application of pressure to the tube under conditions which may cause distension.
  • the electrostatic precipitator or electrofilter accordcation of chlorine gas as is generated by fused-salt hydrolysis for the cleaning of sulfur-dioxide roasting gases generated in sulfuric-acid plants for the cleaning of the exhaust gases produced from titanium-dioxide calcination in a rotary furnace, the exhaust gases containing hydrogen chloride and sulfuric acid produced in the synthesis of chlorosulfonic acid and in the chlorination of nonferrous metals, for the exhaust gases generated in the production of aluminum chloride and containing hydrogen chloride and aluminum hydroxide contaminants, the output gases of a contact-process plant for the production of sulfuric acid in which case sulfuric acid droplets are removed, the gases discharged from a plant for roasting vanadium-containing substances, in which case hydrogen-chloride droplets are collected, and the exhaust gases from the combustion of industrial and municipal wastes. It can be used in the cleaning of sulfuric-acid-containing waste gases, from calcining furnaces for zinc hydroxide or the sulfuric-acid waste gases from reaction vessels of different chemical processes
  • FIG. 1 of the drawing we show a plastic-tube, wet electrofilter or precipitator for the purification of gas by removal of solid and/or liquid particles therefrom which comprises an inlet sheet 1 at its upper end which is provided with a flange la adapted to be connected to the duct work, pipes or apparatus of, for example, a chemical plant.
  • the inlet 1 opens with a downwardly divergent frustoconical diffuser 2 whose flange 2a is connected by'a flange 4a to the upper member 4 of the housing.
  • a perforated plate 3 is clamped to span the diffuser mouth and further distribute the gases uniformly over the full crosssection of the housing.
  • the cylindrical housing member forming the upper portion 4 of the apparatus is provided with a pair of diametrically opposite radial ducts 5 and 5 opening horizontally into the interior of upper portion 4.
  • the ducts support insulator assemblies 6 and 6a provided with the electric supply conductors feeding electric current to a traverse bar 7 supporting the upper ends of the coronadischarge electrodes represented collectively at 8. Bar 7 is thus conductive.
  • the upper portion 4 is provided with a shoulder 4b above a flange 40 by means of which the upper portion is connected to the intermediate housing portion 23.
  • the shoulder 4b carries a plate 9 in the form of a tube sheet and can be described as a bottom, the tube sheet having the configuration shown in FlG. 2. having the configuration shown in FIG. 2.
  • the tube sheet 9 is provided with an array of through-going vertical openings 9a, the upper edges of which are beveled to provide a frustoconical seat 9b for an O-ring 15, which is compressed by a metal or plastic material sleeve 16 fitted on the collector tube generally designated at 10.
  • the ring 16 may be composed of a metal or plastic material and the sealing force which, as briefly described, derives entirely from the weight of the tube.
  • the collector tubes 10 are thus suspended from the tube sheet 9 in the form of a bundle of spaced-apart, parallel, self-centering and individually replaceable tubular members within the intermediate portion 23 of the housing.
  • the intermediate portion 23 is of cylindrical configuration and, therefore, generally tubular, while being of a length or height substantially equal to that of the tubes 10.
  • the intermediate section is formed with a flange 24 which is bolted or clamped to the flange 4c previously mentioned.
  • a flange 25 provides the means for securing the intermediate portion 23 to the lower portion 26 of the assembly.
  • a further traverse bar 7 which is conductive and serves as an anchor for the corona-discharge electrode system represented at 8.
  • a pair of diametrically opposite, radially extending ducts 5a and 5a surround the traverse 7' with clearance and support insulator 6b for tensioning the corona-discharge electrodes.
  • a further tube sheet 11 Spanning the bottom of the intermediate portion 23 and the top of the lower portion 26 of the housing is a further tube sheet 11 serving as a condensate-collecting floor and of double-wall configuration so that the upper portion 11a is conically divergent downwardly and has the coping shape of a round roof.
  • the planar lower portion 11b rests upon the inwardly projecting radial pedestals 13.
  • a multiplicity of vertical tube stubs 12 are anchored in the tube sheet 11 and project upwardly coaxially into respective collector tubes 10. This construction is shown in detail in FIG. 2.
  • the tubes 12 may have an outer diameter d which is at least 5 mm smaller than the inner diameter D of tube 10, the outer surface of tube 12 being formed with three angularly equispaced axially extending spacing rings 17 by which the outer tube is centered on the inner stub 12.
  • each tube 12 is formed with a downwardly and outwardly flaring outlet 18 of substantially conical configuration to facilitate shedding of liquid.
  • the corona-discharge electrode system consists of electrodes 8', 8" or 8" as desired, or electrodes embodying the features of two or more of them. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the electrodes may be composed of a core 8a of one material and a coating 8b of one of the corrosion-resistant metals mentioned earlier.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the fact that each of the collector tubes 10 comprises an inner sleeve 21 of synthetic resin, preferably polyvinyl chloride, and a reinforcing sheet 20 of fiberglass containing polyester-resin bands.
  • the inner surface 22 of the sleeve is artificially roughened, preferably by sandblasting with said at appropriate size to a minimum roughness of 15 microns and a roughness range of, say, 15 30 microns.
  • the original roughness of the surface is generally between 2 and 10 microns.
  • the moisture contained in the gas to be processed suffices to precipitate the liquid film onto the inner surfaces of tubes 10. This is especially the case when the apparatus is operated at a temperature below the dew point of the gas.
  • the apparatus is operated at a temperature above this dew point, e.g., when the dew point of the gas is very low below for example 30C and the relative humidity of the gas is low, nozzles 27 or the like can be used to introduce water or an electrolyte such as dilute sulfuric acid. These nozzles can also be used for a periodic rinsing of the collector tubes while the apparatus is in an inoperative state.
  • Each of the collector tubes 10 is electrically connected wuth the tube sheet 1 1 by synthetic-resin textile bands 19 or bands composed of a conductive material.
  • the bands 19 may be cemented or welded to the inner faces of the respective tubes 10 and to the upper surface lla of the tube sheet 11. Since the fibers of the synthetic-resin textile bands rapidly become coated or saturated with the liquid, its conductivity resembles that of the inner wall of the tube 10. If it is desired to increase the conductivity, the bands 19 can be composed of graphitized fibers. Synthetic resin and/or graphitized fibers have the important advantage that they are significantly less expensive than corrosionresistant metals.
  • the electrodes 8 may be provided with smooth surfaces as shown at 8', angularly or axially spaced pointed tips (8") and/or axially and angularly spaced tabs and tongues 8" as previously described.
  • An electrostatic precipitator comprising a housing, an array of tubes within said housing, means for feeding gas to said tubes at one end thereof, means for discharging gas at the other end of said tubes, and respective corona-discharge electrodes passing through said tubes, said tubes having artificially roughened internal surfaces with a minimum roughness of 15 microns for maintaining continuous liquid films therein and being composed of synthetic-resin sleeves reinforced externally by synthetic-resin bands containing glass fibers.
  • said housing comprises an upper portion formed with a gas inlet, an intermediate portion connected with said upper portion and enclosing said tubes, and a lower portion connected through said intermediate portion and forming a gas outlet, said electrostatic precipitator further comprising upper and lower tube-sheet members spanning said housing at opposite ends of said intermediate portion and positioning said tubes therein, support members on said housing for said lower tube-sheet member, and traverse members respectively spanning said upper and said lower portion and anchoring opposite ends of said coronadischarge electrodes.
  • each of said stubs is provided with at least three angularly equispaced axially extending ribs for centering each of said tubes on the respective stubs, said stubs having inner diameters at least 5 mm greater than the outer diameters of the respective tube stubs.

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US00214740A 1971-07-10 1972-01-03 Tube-type electrostatic precipitator Expired - Lifetime US3765154A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2134576A DE2134576C3 (de) 1971-07-10 1971-07-10 Röhre n-NaBelektroabscheider

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JP (1) JPS5511901B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA982499A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2134576C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1344560A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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DE2134576B2 (de) 1975-03-13
DE2134576C3 (de) 1975-10-30
DE2134576A1 (de) 1973-01-25
JPS5511901B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1980-03-28
GB1344560A (en) 1974-01-23
CA982499A (en) 1976-01-27

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