US3764840A - Fluorescent lamp providing visible light and dorno rays - Google Patents

Fluorescent lamp providing visible light and dorno rays Download PDF

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Publication number
US3764840A
US3764840A US00259180A US3764840DA US3764840A US 3764840 A US3764840 A US 3764840A US 00259180 A US00259180 A US 00259180A US 3764840D A US3764840D A US 3764840DA US 3764840 A US3764840 A US 3764840A
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United States
Prior art keywords
dorno
fluorescent
rays
fluorescent lamp
bulb
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00259180A
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English (en)
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H Shiraishi
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Toshiba Corp
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Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
    • H01J61/302—Vessels; Containers characterised by the material of the vessel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/38—Devices for influencing the colour or wavelength of the light
    • H01J61/42—Devices for influencing the colour or wavelength of the light by transforming the wavelength of the light by luminescence
    • H01J61/44—Devices characterised by the luminescent material

Definitions

  • the fluorescent lamp comprises a bulb and a layer 1 ommumon'm'pan 0 May consisting of a first fluorescent substance having the 1970, abandoned.
  • the bulb has a thickness [58] Field Of Search 313/109, 221 about 0 and i composed f d glass which does not transmit radiations of the wave length [56] References Cited less than 295nm UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,114,067 12/1963 Henderson 313/109 6 2 Drawmg 2,563,900 8/1951 Wollentin et 211.. 3,581,137 5/1971 Arnott et a1. 313/109 PATENIEDBBT 9W 3.164.840
  • This invention relates to fluorescent lamps and more particularly to fluorescent lamps emanating Dorno rays.
  • Ultraviolet rays having a wave 280 to 3l0nm are generally termed as health rays or Dorno rays. It is well known in the art that ultraviolet rays in this particular range of wavelength manifest the erythema function, and act to.conv.ert ergosterol to vitamin D and to enhance renewal of mineral substances in the human body.
  • the Dorno rays are contained in natural light in a small quantity (less than I percent of the total energy throughout the ranges of ultraviolet rays and visible rays) and are usuallyabsorbed'by'the human body through exposed portions of the skin when a man takes a sun-bath or works in the outdoor, thus contributing to his health.
  • Compensation for adverse effects to vital body function may be accomplished by taking nutritive foods or medicines, but the efficiency of absorbing them is different from man to man and the absorption function is limited to particular organs. Furtherv the effect of these nutritive foods or medicines is'temporary.
  • conventional fluorescent sun lamps are expensive because they require glass tubes of aspecial composition which does not transmit light of thewave length of less than 280nm.
  • ashealth ray fluorescent sun lamps radiate a large quantity of Dorno rays their'distribution is not uniform and results in excessive irradiation.
  • These lamps require an accurate control of irradiation time. To prevent damage to the skin and to avoid length ranging from adverse effect on the physiological effect it is necessary to mount the health ray fluorescent sun lamps at high positions or to control the operation time thereof.
  • a fluorescent lamp comprising a bulb having a thickness of 0.7 to 0.9mm and made of soda-lime glass intercepting light of a wave length of less than 295nm, the soda-lime glass mainly consisting of SiO,, R,O and R',O bearing '58 72, l 2 and 13 18 by parts by weight, a quantity of mercury sealed in the bulb, electrode means mounted in the bulb, and a fluorescent layer provided on the inner surface of the bulb, said layer consisting of a first fluorescent substance having the principal luminous spectrum in the visible light region, and a second-fluorescent substance having the principal luminous spectrum in the Dorno ray region, the weight ratio of the first and second fluorescent substances ranging from 97:3 to 88:12.
  • the first and second fluorescent substances may be applied as a mixture or as separate layers'which are laminated or juxtaposed each other.
  • the bulb should be formed of soda-lime glass with a thickness of 0.7 to 0.9mm is for the purpose of unfailingly intercepting the radiation of only light having a wave length of less than 295nm. If any of these requisite conditions is not satisfied, then there will not be obtained the abovementioned effect. For instance, where the bulb has a thickness of less than 0.7mm, light having a wave length of less than 295nm will be emitted. Conversely where said thickness exceeds 0.9mm, the emission of even the Dorno rays will be obstructed.
  • the bulb constructed as described above and the prescribed weight ratio of the first to the second fluorescentsubstance naturally have a'close interrelationship.
  • the material and wall thickness of the bulb and the ratio in which the first and second fluorescent substances are blended together constitute important parameters in order to ensure that only light having a wave length of less than 295nm has its passage intercepted whereas the Dorno'rays are effectively radiated.
  • the lamp shown in FIG. 1 comprises an elongated cylindrical envelope or bulb 10,-electrodes 11 mounted on the opposite ends of thebulb 10 and bases 12 sealing the opposite openings of the bulb.
  • the bulb 10 has a thickness of 0.7 to 0.9mm, and preferably of about 0.8mm, and is made of a soft glass or soda-lime glass having a composition shown in Table 1 below, which does not transmit lights of the wave length of less than 295nm.
  • composition is represented by parts by weight.
  • a fluorescent layer 13 comprising a fluorescent substance having the principal luminous spectrum in the range of visible light and a fluorescent substance having the principal luminous spectrum in the region of the Dorno rays.
  • the former fluores-cent substance may be calcium halophosphate activated by antimony-manganese while the latter fluorescent substance may be zinccalcium phosphate activated by thallium.
  • the weight ratio of the former to the latter fluorescent substance is 96:4, preferably from 97:3 to 88:12.
  • the layer 13 may be formed of a single layer comprising the mixture of said different fluorescent substances. Alternatively, the layer 13 may comprise two laminated layers or juxtaposed layers of different fluorescent substances. Small quantities of mercury and argon gas are sealed in bulb 10, the ratio of mercury to argon being equal to that of the conventional fluorescent lamps. Mercury may be sealed at a vapour pressure of 10 l0' mm Hg, for example.
  • the quantity of irradiation (does) of Dorno rays is expressed in MPE units.
  • a unit MPE represents the quantity of irradiation effective to provide minimum noticeable erythema which is produced on the skin several hours after irradiation of ultraviolet rays but disappears next day. While the unit MPE is different from one to another, on the average it amounts to about 0.7E-Viton-h/cm. It is known that it is required to irradiate Dorno rays of /4 to 1/10 MPE unit per day in order to maintain normal health condition. Irradiation of 2 MPH units results in considerable sun-burn while irradiation of excessive units of Dorno rays not only results in inflammation of the skin and eye but also causes side effects such as tire, heartacceleration or the like.
  • the quantity of Dorno rays emanated from the fluorescent lamp of this invention amounts to about 1.4 X 10 E-Viton in a 40-watt health ray fluorescent lamp containing 6 percent by weight of the fluorescent substance and operating in the Dorno ray region.
  • this lamp is operated with an illuminating fixture with a white reflecting surface and utilized for conventional lamps the intensity of irradiated Dorno rays is 0.01 E-Viton'h/cm at a point where the intensity of the visible light emanated from the novel lamp is 500 luxes, which is a standard value preferred for ordinary operations.
  • the workman will receive a total of 0.08 E-Vitonh/cm during his working time of 8 hours, for example, thus receiving a suitable quantity of Dorno rays (about l/9 MPE) required for maintaining his health.
  • a suitable quantity of Dorno rays about l/9 MPE
  • the quantity of Dorno rays irradiated during the working time of 8 hours will be about k MPE.
  • Such a quantity of irradiation of the Dorno rays does not cause sun-burn of human skin even taking into consideration the personal difference in the sensitivity of the human body to ultraviolet rays.
  • the horizontal light intensity of the natural light (sun light plus heaven light) at noon in a fine day in midsummer is typically above 92,000 luxes while the Dorno rays amount to about 2 E-Viton/cm (from Luckiesh data, in U.S.A.). According to the measurement in the city of Kawasaki, Japan, at 1 P.M.
  • the intensity of the Dorno rays which was determined from the measured values of the spectrum distribution of the natural light multiplied by the rate of erythema was about 0.5 E- Viton/cm
  • the intensity of the horizontal illumination at that time was about 50,000 luxes.
  • the intensity of the Dorno rays in the same ratio as the natural light was determined to be about 0.022 E-Viton/cm from the former and to be about 0.01 E-Viton/cm from the latter respectively, where the intensity of illumination was 1,000 lumens.
  • the intensity of the Dorno rays was about 0.02 E-Viton/cm at portions of the intensity of illumination of about 1,000 luxes.
  • the lamp embodying this invention can provide the same ratio of visible light flux to Dorno ray flux as that of the outdoor natural light on fine days.
  • FIG. 2 shows a spectrum distribution of one embodiment of this invention, the ordinate representing the spectrum radiation intensity in ;.tW/cm of respective wave lengths at a distance of one meter while the abscissa the wave length in mm.
  • the envelope of the lamp has a thickness of about 0.7 to 0.9mm and is made of soft glass or soda-lime glass which does not transmit ultraviolet rays of the wave length of less than 295nm.
  • the proportion of incorporation of the fluorescent substance having the principal luminous spectrum in the Dorno ray region is from 3 to 12 percent, by weight, based on the total quantity of the fluorescent substances.
  • a quantity less than 3 percent radiation of the Dorno rays becomes very small so that health ray radiations are very small.
  • the quantity exceeds 12 percent, by weight the quantity of health rays becomes excessive so that irradiation over a long period at a high luminous intensity is detrimental to health.
  • the visible output useful for illumination decreases.
  • the effect of this invention is the maximum when the quantity of the fluorescent substance emanating theprincipal luminous spectrum in the Dorno ray range amounts to 4 to percent, by weight, based on the total quantity of fluorescent substances.
  • this invention provides a novel fluorescent lamp capable of providing sufficient and effective quantity of Dorno ray radiations contributing to the maintenance of the human health without the trouble of sun-burn at a place where the natural Dorno ray radiations from the sun is not available. Further, the novel lamp radiates the Dorno rays together with light rays suitable for illumination from a single fluorescent lamp. In addition, as the novel lamp does not radiate ultraviolet rays of short wave length no physiological trouble would result.
  • a fluorescent lamp for indoor use and emitting Dorno rays in approximately the same ratio to visible light as does the sun comprising a bulb having a thickness of 0.7 to 0.9mm and made of soda-lime glass mainly consisting of SiO R 0 and R' O in the respective ratios of 58 to 72, l to 2 and 13 to 18, based on parts by weight, to intercept the radiation of light having a wave length of less than 295 nm through said bulb, wherein R is Al and Fe, and wherein R is Na and K; a quantity of mercury sealed in said bulb; electrode means received in said bulb; and a fluorescent layer provided on the inner surface of said bulb, said fluorescent layer consisting substantially of a first fluorescent substance having a principal luminous spectrum in the visible light region, and a second fluorescent substance having a principal luminous spectrum in the Dorno ray region, and the weight ratio of the first to the second fluorescent substance ranging between 97:3 and 88:12.
  • soda-lime glass comprises SiO R 0 CaO, MgO and R' O bearing the ratio of 72:2:623217 based on parts by weight.
  • the fluorescent lamp according to claim 1 wherein the soda-lime glass comprises SiO R 0 R O and PbO bearing the ratio of 58:1:13228 based on parts by weight.
  • soda-lime glass comprises SiO R 0 CaO, MgO, R' O, As O and Sb O bearing the ratio of 69.9:1.98:0.4:3.5:l7.32:0.9:0.49 based on parts by weight.

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  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
US00259180A 1969-05-08 1972-06-02 Fluorescent lamp providing visible light and dorno rays Expired - Lifetime US3764840A (en)

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JP3480969 1969-05-08

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US (1) US3764840A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2022660A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2047530A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1241650A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE354377B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4091951A (en) * 1975-12-15 1978-05-30 U.S. Philips Corporation Lamps for high powers
US4499403A (en) * 1979-09-06 1985-02-12 General Electric Company Skin tanning fluorescent lamp construction utilizing a phosphor combination
US4524299A (en) * 1982-04-08 1985-06-18 North American Philips Corporation Fluorescent sunlamp having controlled ultraviolet output
US4933600A (en) * 1987-09-04 1990-06-12 Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen M.B.H. Low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp, particularly ultra-violet radiator, also providing visible light output
EP0924746A1 (en) * 1997-12-19 1999-06-23 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Low-pressure mercury discharge lamp

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2707894A1 (de) * 1977-02-24 1978-08-31 Kosmedico Vertrieb Kosmetische Speziallampe fuer die selektive uv-photobehandlung
NL184712C (nl) * 1979-07-03 1989-10-02 Philips Nv Lagedrukkwikdampontladingslamp.
NL7905162A (nl) * 1979-07-03 1981-01-06 Philips Nv Lagedrukkwikdampontladingslamp.
DE3121689C2 (de) * 1981-06-01 1983-07-07 Friedrich 6000 Frankfurt Wolff Leuchtstofflampe, deren Strahlungsmaximum im UVA-Bereich liegt

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2362384A (en) * 1942-03-30 1944-11-07 Jules L Libby Combined illuminating and germicidal lamp and method of making the same
US2445692A (en) * 1945-10-11 1948-07-20 Gen Electric Ultraviolet ray generator
US2447210A (en) * 1943-05-28 1948-08-17 Edna W Roberts Erythemal phosphor
US2563900A (en) * 1947-06-21 1951-08-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp Phosphor and method of making
US3114067A (en) * 1959-06-26 1963-12-10 Thorn Electrical Ind Ltd Fluorescent lamp particularly suited to illumination of objects containing red
US3287586A (en) * 1963-10-01 1966-11-22 Sylvania Electric Prod Plant growth lamp
US3531677A (en) * 1966-12-14 1970-09-29 Sylvania Electric Prod Quartz glass envelope with radiation-absorbing glaze
US3581137A (en) * 1967-07-31 1971-05-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electric lamp having an envelope composed of photoresistant soda-lime silicate glass

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2362384A (en) * 1942-03-30 1944-11-07 Jules L Libby Combined illuminating and germicidal lamp and method of making the same
US2447210A (en) * 1943-05-28 1948-08-17 Edna W Roberts Erythemal phosphor
US2445692A (en) * 1945-10-11 1948-07-20 Gen Electric Ultraviolet ray generator
US2563900A (en) * 1947-06-21 1951-08-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp Phosphor and method of making
US3114067A (en) * 1959-06-26 1963-12-10 Thorn Electrical Ind Ltd Fluorescent lamp particularly suited to illumination of objects containing red
US3287586A (en) * 1963-10-01 1966-11-22 Sylvania Electric Prod Plant growth lamp
US3531677A (en) * 1966-12-14 1970-09-29 Sylvania Electric Prod Quartz glass envelope with radiation-absorbing glaze
US3581137A (en) * 1967-07-31 1971-05-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electric lamp having an envelope composed of photoresistant soda-lime silicate glass

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4091951A (en) * 1975-12-15 1978-05-30 U.S. Philips Corporation Lamps for high powers
US4499403A (en) * 1979-09-06 1985-02-12 General Electric Company Skin tanning fluorescent lamp construction utilizing a phosphor combination
US4524299A (en) * 1982-04-08 1985-06-18 North American Philips Corporation Fluorescent sunlamp having controlled ultraviolet output
US4933600A (en) * 1987-09-04 1990-06-12 Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen M.B.H. Low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp, particularly ultra-violet radiator, also providing visible light output
EP0924746A1 (en) * 1997-12-19 1999-06-23 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Low-pressure mercury discharge lamp

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GB1241650A (en) 1971-08-04
SE354377B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-03-05
FR2047530A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-03-12
DE2022660A1 (de) 1970-11-19

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