US3762465A - Arrangement of a heating unit in reaction apparatus - Google Patents

Arrangement of a heating unit in reaction apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3762465A
US3762465A US00207399A US3762465DA US3762465A US 3762465 A US3762465 A US 3762465A US 00207399 A US00207399 A US 00207399A US 3762465D A US3762465D A US 3762465DA US 3762465 A US3762465 A US 3762465A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
heating unit
reaction vessel
heat carrier
improvement
tubes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00207399A
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English (en)
Inventor
F Gutlhuber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MAN DWE GmbH
Original Assignee
Deggendorfer Werft und Eisenbau GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of US3762465A publication Critical patent/US3762465A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
    • B01J8/067—Heating or cooling the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J19/0013—Controlling the temperature of the process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00212—Plates; Jackets; Cylinders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00212—Plates; Jackets; Cylinders
    • B01J2208/00221—Plates; Jackets; Cylinders comprising baffles for guiding the flow of the heat exchange medium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00256—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles in a heat exchanger for the heat exchange medium separate from the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00076—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements inside the reactor
    • B01J2219/00085—Plates; Jackets; Cylinders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00087—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
    • B01J2219/0009—Coils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00132—Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00159—Controlling the temperature controlling multiple zones along the direction of flow, e.g. pre-heating and after-cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00162—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00164—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the flow

Definitions

  • the heating unit y be fluid heated or [58] Field of Search 165/107, 159, 145 y be electrically heated, and eentrel and Shut-eff valve means are provided whereby the heating unit may 5 References Cited be selectively placed into operation or cutout ofopera- UNITED STATES PATENTS tion.
  • the heating unit also may readily be removed from the reaction vessel.
  • This invention relates to reaction apparatus in which thermal reactions are carried out in a vessel by circulation of a heating medium through the vessel and through a cooler, and, more particularly, to a novel and improved external heating unit for such a vessel.
  • the heat exchange medium generally is circulated by means of a pump, in order to maintain a substantially constant operating temperature, generally between 350 and 450 C, and the heat generated during the reaction process is transferred to a cooler arranged in the circulation circuit.
  • heating units which are installed in the reaction vessel and act therein on the heat exchange medium.
  • such units are limited in size and thus also in their heating capacity.
  • such installations effect a steady pressure loss in the operation of the plant, so that the circulating pump for the heat exchange medium must be made correspondingly more powerful.
  • the entire plant must be shut-off for each check or repair, even if the operation of the heating unit is not necessary at the respective time.
  • the invention is based on a known arrangement wherein the heating unit, for the heat exchange medium circulating in a reaction vessel, is outside the re action vessel.
  • the novel and special feature of the invention resides in that the heating unit is connected to the reaction vessel at two points, at respective different pressures, in parallel connection to the regular circulating system of the heat exchange medium, for the intermittent passage of a preferably adjustable partial current of the heat exchange medium.
  • the heating unit can be connected to the reaction vessel at the inlet side or the outlet side through a combination shut-off and control element.
  • An object of the invention is to provide an improved arrangement for preheating a reaction vessel.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide such an arrangement in which a heating unit is arranged outside the reaction vessel and connected thereto for selective circulation, through the heating unit, of at least a part of the heat exchange medium.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide such an arrangement in which the heating unit is connected to the reaction vessel at two points at respective different pressures and in parallel relation to the regular circulating system of the heat exchange medium.
  • FIG. I is a longitudinal section through a reaction vessel with outside units for cooling or heating the circulating heat exchange medium
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line IIII of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 1 illustrating another embodiment of the invention wherein only the heating unit is arranged externally with the cooling unit being arranged internally;
  • FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a special embodiment of the heating unit alone.
  • a reaction vessel 1 has, in known manner, a nest of tubes 6 arranged between two headers 4 and 5.
  • Reaction vessel 6 includes an upper hood 2 and a lower hood 3.
  • the tube section communicates with a ring duct 7 and, immediately above lower header 5, the tube section communicates with a second ring duct 8.
  • Ring ducts 7 and 8 surround vessel 1 circumferentially and concentrically.
  • housing 9 contains a cooling unit or cooler 11 and housing 10 contains a heating unit or heater 12.
  • Housing 9 has arranged therein a fan wheel 13 acting as a pump, and which is driven by a motor (not shown) arranged outside this housing.
  • a combination shut-off and control element 14 At the lower connection of housing 10, containing heating unit 12, with vessel 1, there is provided a combination shut-off and control element 14.
  • the shut-off and control element 14 is opened and the heating unit 12 is activated. Then a larger or smaller partial amount of the heat exchange medium flows from lower ring duct 8 into housing 10, depending on the clear flow crosssection and, after being heated by heating unit 12, it flows into upper ring duct 7 in which it is mixed again with the other partial amount which is flown through the nest of tubes 6.
  • the upward flow of the partial amount of the heat exchange medium passing through heating unit 12 is effected, apart from the increasing heat, by the pressure gradient between the lower and upper ring ducts 8 and 7, respectively, that is, substantially between the pressure side and the suction side of fan wheel 13.
  • a fan wheel 15 and cooling unit 16 are arranged, in a known manner, centrally inside reaction vessel 17, and the nest of tubes 18 is annular or ring-shaped.
  • a guide tube 19 bounds the free central space of the nest of tubes 18 in its central region.
  • Three ring-shaped or annular plates 20, 21 and 22 surround tube 19 at uniform axial spacings, and have flow cross-sections arranged alternately on their'outer and inner edges on different diameters. These plates, together with tube 19, serve, as indicated by the arrows, to guide the heat exchange medium circulating in reaction vessel 17.
  • a heating unit 23 is arranged in a special housing 24 which is external to reaction vessel 17, and is connected to reaction vessel 17 at two points, namely at the lower and upper ends of the nest of tubes 18, by means of nipples 25, 26.
  • a combination shut-off and control element 27 In the upper nipple 26, there is arranged a combination shut-off and control element 27, to proportion the partial amount of the heat exchange medium circulating in the reaction vessel, heated if necessary by heating unit 12, in the same manner as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 but, in contrast to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, at the upper region.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a special design of an electric heating unit to be used in accordance with the invention.
  • protective tubes 31 extend from the top into housing 28, which latter is again connected, at two points at different levels and by nipples 29 and 30, to the reaction vessel which has not been illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • Protective tubes 31 are closed at their bottom ends, and their open upper ends are sealed into a header or tube sheet 32.
  • electric heating rods 33 whose terminals 34 are arranged in a detachable and ventilated upper hood 35 of housing 28, protected against explosion.
  • a slide valve 36 which can be moved up and down, serves to shut-off the inlet socket 29 or, if necessary, to adjust any desired flow cross-section.
  • the heating unit also can be operated with any other suitable heat energy.
  • the heating unit is not only arranged externally of the reaction vessel but is also arranged in such a way that the rest of the plant, including the circulating and cooling unit of the heat exchange medium, can be operated completely independently of the heating unit.
  • the heating unit thus can be, repaired or completely disassembled at any time without impairing the operability of the plant.
  • there is no additional pressure loss in the circulating system of the heat exchange medium because the latter passes in its full amount past the nest of tubes of the reaction vessel, with the heating unit shut-off, and with the heating unit connected, the partial amount passing by the heating unit need not pass by the nest of tubes.
  • a reaction vessel for carrying out exothermic chemical reactions, containing a nest of tubes, and having a heat carrier circulated therethrough in a cycle, by a pump, over the external surfaces of the tubes and conducted through a cooling device for extracting the heat absorbed by the heat carrier from the external surfaces of the tubes
  • the improvement comprising in combination, a heating unit arranged additionally external to said reaction vessel; means connecting said heating unit to said reaction vessel at two points at respective different pressures, for parallel connection of said heating unit with the normal circulating system of said heat carrier for selective circulation of at least a partial current of said heat carrier through said heating unit; and a regulating means in said connecting means controlling connection of said heating unit to said normal circulating system for regulating a partial current of said heat carrier through said heating unit.
  • said regulating means comprises a combined shut-off and control element at the inlet to said heating unit.
  • said regulating means comprises a combined shut-off and control element at the outlet of said heating unit.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
US00207399A 1970-12-17 1971-12-13 Arrangement of a heating unit in reaction apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3762465A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2062095A DE2062095C3 (de) 1970-12-17 1970-12-17 Reaktionsapparat zur Durchführung exothermer chemischer Reaktionen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3762465A true US3762465A (en) 1973-10-02

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ID=5791245

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00207399A Expired - Lifetime US3762465A (en) 1970-12-17 1971-12-13 Arrangement of a heating unit in reaction apparatus

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3762465A (de)
JP (2) JPS5128068B1 (de)
AT (1) AT320592B (de)
BE (1) BE776761A (de)
DE (1) DE2062095C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2118099B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1356046A (de)
IT (1) IT943738B (de)
NL (1) NL172516C (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3865555A (en) * 1972-06-28 1975-02-11 Rheinstahl Ag Reactor for catalytic gas phase oxidation
US3871445A (en) * 1972-01-13 1975-03-18 Deggendorfer Werft Eisenbau Reaction apparatus for carrying out exothermic and endothermic chemical processes with radial flow of a heat exchange medium
US3909299A (en) * 1973-10-01 1975-09-30 United Technologies Corp Fuel cell system including reform reactor
US3968832A (en) * 1973-11-02 1976-07-13 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Apparatus for controlling the temperature of a heat exchange liquid
US4106552A (en) * 1975-12-17 1978-08-15 Armer Construction Company Method of air-conditioning employing variable terminal box
US4509587A (en) * 1982-08-30 1985-04-09 Clark Thomas S Passive temperature control shipment container
US4657741A (en) * 1984-03-13 1987-04-14 Deggendorfer Werft Und Eisenbau Gmbh Reactor construction
US5433141A (en) * 1993-04-08 1995-07-18 Kraft Foods, Inc. Development of a uniform temperature gradient in a block of cheese
US20010024630A1 (en) * 2000-02-05 2001-09-27 Yukihiro Matsumoto Method for starting up reactor and reactor system
US20040156721A1 (en) * 2001-06-06 2004-08-12 Gerhard Olbert Pump for transporting heat-exchange medium for a multi-tube reactor

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3526967A1 (de) * 1985-07-27 1987-01-29 Metallgesellschaft Ag Roehrenreaktor

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3434807A (en) * 1966-07-21 1969-03-25 Guenther Ibing Reactor with heat exchanger
US3566961A (en) * 1967-09-06 1971-03-02 Basf Ag Tubular reactor for carrying out endothermic and exothermic reactions with forced circulation
US3609296A (en) * 1970-03-27 1971-09-28 Fuel Engineering Electrically heated autoclave apparatus
US3662817A (en) * 1970-05-26 1972-05-16 Du Pont A process for accomplishing heat exchange between a corrosive liquid process stream and a second liquid

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1531940A (fr) * 1966-07-21 1968-07-05 Steinkohlenbergwerke Mathias Stinnes Ag Four pour la réalisation de réactions catalytiques

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3434807A (en) * 1966-07-21 1969-03-25 Guenther Ibing Reactor with heat exchanger
US3566961A (en) * 1967-09-06 1971-03-02 Basf Ag Tubular reactor for carrying out endothermic and exothermic reactions with forced circulation
US3609296A (en) * 1970-03-27 1971-09-28 Fuel Engineering Electrically heated autoclave apparatus
US3662817A (en) * 1970-05-26 1972-05-16 Du Pont A process for accomplishing heat exchange between a corrosive liquid process stream and a second liquid

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3871445A (en) * 1972-01-13 1975-03-18 Deggendorfer Werft Eisenbau Reaction apparatus for carrying out exothermic and endothermic chemical processes with radial flow of a heat exchange medium
US3865555A (en) * 1972-06-28 1975-02-11 Rheinstahl Ag Reactor for catalytic gas phase oxidation
US3909299A (en) * 1973-10-01 1975-09-30 United Technologies Corp Fuel cell system including reform reactor
US3968832A (en) * 1973-11-02 1976-07-13 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Apparatus for controlling the temperature of a heat exchange liquid
US4106552A (en) * 1975-12-17 1978-08-15 Armer Construction Company Method of air-conditioning employing variable terminal box
US4509587A (en) * 1982-08-30 1985-04-09 Clark Thomas S Passive temperature control shipment container
US4657741A (en) * 1984-03-13 1987-04-14 Deggendorfer Werft Und Eisenbau Gmbh Reactor construction
US5433141A (en) * 1993-04-08 1995-07-18 Kraft Foods, Inc. Development of a uniform temperature gradient in a block of cheese
US20010024630A1 (en) * 2000-02-05 2001-09-27 Yukihiro Matsumoto Method for starting up reactor and reactor system
US6946573B2 (en) 2000-05-02 2005-09-20 Nippon Shokaubai Co., Ltd. Method for starting up reactor and reactor system
US20060009655A1 (en) * 2000-05-02 2006-01-12 Yukihiro Matsumoto Method for starting up reactor and reactor system
US7468167B2 (en) 2000-05-02 2008-12-23 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Method for starting up reactor and reactor system
US20040156721A1 (en) * 2001-06-06 2004-08-12 Gerhard Olbert Pump for transporting heat-exchange medium for a multi-tube reactor
US7134848B2 (en) * 2001-06-06 2006-11-14 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Pump for transporting heat-exchange medium for a multi-tube reactor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5445255U (de) 1979-03-28
IT943738B (it) 1973-04-10
NL172516C (nl) 1983-09-16
JPS5128068B1 (de) 1976-08-17
BE776761A (fr) 1972-04-17
GB1356046A (en) 1974-06-12
AT320592B (de) 1975-02-25
NL7117186A (de) 1972-06-20
NL172516B (nl) 1983-04-18
DE2062095B2 (de) 1973-08-16
FR2118099B1 (de) 1976-02-13
DE2062095A1 (de) 1972-07-06
FR2118099A1 (de) 1972-07-28
DE2062095C3 (de) 1974-04-04

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