US3761709A - Method and apparatus for observing biological specimens using a scanning electron microscope - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for observing biological specimens using a scanning electron microscope Download PDFInfo
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- US3761709A US3761709A US00232405A US23240572A US3761709A US 3761709 A US3761709 A US 3761709A US 00232405 A US00232405 A US 00232405A US 23240572 A US23240572 A US 23240572A US 3761709 A US3761709 A US 3761709A
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- holder
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Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011915 haggis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-OUBTZVSYSA-N nitrogen-15 Chemical compound [15N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940099990 ogen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/20—Means for supporting or positioning the object or the material; Means for adjusting diaphragms or lenses associated with the support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/18—Vacuum locks ; Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
Definitions
- a pre-evacuation chamber is provided adjacent the electron optical column of the scanning electron microscope.
- the sample is quenched in liquid gas to be frozen. Thereafter, the sample is transferred to the pre-evacuation chamber and manipulated prior to placement in the specimen stage of the microscope to avoid the formation of frost or to remove the frost on the sample surface.
- the above objects are made possible by placing certain devices and mechanisms, depending on the object in view, in the pre-evacuation chamber of a scanning electron microscope.
- FIG. I shows the evacuation system of a typical scanning electron microscope
- FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate how the specimen is frozen according to this invention
- FIG. 4 shows an embodiment for observing a frost free cross-section of the frozen specimen
- FIGS. 5 and 6 show embodiments for removing the frost from the surface of the frozen specimen.
- FIG. 7 shows an embodiment for preventing the formation of frost during specimen exchange.
- an electron optical column I includes an electron gun chamber la and specimen chamber lb.
- Column 1 is roughly evacuated by rotary pump 2 through valve 3 and completely evacuated by diffusion pump 4 and rotary pump 5 through valve 6.
- a pre-evacuation chamber 7 is partitioned from the specimen chamber in column 1 by a door 8 and from the atmosphere by a cover 9.
- the chamber 7 is evacuated by rotary pump 2 through valve 10 and is leaked through valve 11.
- the following embodiment of the invention relates to the pre-evacuation chamber.
- a biological specimen 12 is fixed onto a specimen holder 13, into which a holder exchanging rod 14 is screwed.
- the holder is plunged into liquid nitrogen 15 or liquid Freon in the vessel 16.
- the specimen is then enclosed by means of a cover 17 (shown in FIG. 3) while still submerged in the refrigerant, after which, the sealed specimen is transferred into the pre-evacuation chamber 7.
- the cover 17 is removed under vacuum by means of exchanging rod 14, which is mounted with ball 18 and socket 19, so as to force the cover off the holder by pushing it up against projection arm 20 forming part of the pre-evacuation chamber 7. Removal of the cover is facilitated by the provision of a glass viewing window 21 forming part of the cover 9.
- an interim stage 22 is maintained in the cold state by means of a liquid nitrogen tank 23 and a heat conducting rod 24.
- An optical microscope 25 for observing the specimen mounted on the interim specimen stage 22 is mounted on the walls of the preevacuation chamber.
- a manipulating rod 26, supported by a ball 27 and socket 28 for ease of maneuverability is mounted in the chamber wall.
- a knife 29 or needle is attached to the tip of the rod in order to cut or slice the frozen specimen. Since the knife 29 or needle must be maintained in the cold state during specimen preparation, it is necessary to either bring the knife or needle into direct contact with the stage 22 prior to carrying out the cutting or slicing operation or to connect it to the heat conducting rod 24 by means of heat conducting wire belt 30. In either case, this embodiment enables the frozen specimen to be cut or sliced as desired without frost forming on the newly exposed surface, thereby making it possible to observe the inner structure of the specimen in an almost natural state.
- FIG. 5 there is shown an embodiment comprising a heating coil 31 provided in the vicinity of the interim stage upon which the specimen holder complete with specimen is mounted. Heating current is supplied to the heating coil 30 from a supply source 32 via insulators 33. By utilizing this embodiment, it is possible to defrost a whole area of the specimen surface.
- FIG. 6 there is shown an embodiment comprising an infrared ray irradiating device 34 mounted in place of the manipulating rod shown in FIG. 4.
- the device 34 is mounted on a roller 35, again for ease of maneuverability. Consequently, the infrared rays emitted from the lamp 36 are focused by two builtin lenses 37 and 38 and can be optionally directed on any desired part of the frozen specimen surface. In this way, it is possible to defrost the specific area for observation hardly affecting the temperature of the specimen as a whole.
- the embodiment as shown in FIG. 7 is designed to prevent frost forming in the specimen chamber during specimen exchange.
- this invention employs the method whereby dry gas from a gas supply source 39 is supplied to the chamber via the leak valve 11 during the time the specimen is being exchanged.
- An apparatus for treating a frozen biological specimen or the like in a scanning electron microscope having a specimen chamber and a specimen stage therein comprising a pre-evacuation chamber partitioned from the specimen chamber of the microscope, an interim stage disposed within said pre-evacuation chamber, a specimen holder for holding the specimen, said holder being mounted on said interim stage, means for maintaining the interim stage and the holder sufficiently cold to maintain the sample frozen, a cutting tool attached to the pre-evacuation chamber for cutting the frozen specimen, a heating means for defrosting a surface of the frozen specimen, and means for transferring the treated specimen from the interim stage to the specimen stage of the specimen chamber.
- heating means comprises a heating coil arranged around the frozen specimen mounted on the interim stage.
- heating means comprises an infrared ray irradiating device equipped with focusing means for selectively defrosting a given area of the surface of the frozen specimen mounted on the interim stage.
- An apparatus including means for keeping said cutting tool sufficiently cold so as not to unfreeze the sample surface on contact.
- An apparatus for treating a frozen biological specimen or the like in a scanning electron microscope having a specimen chamber and a specimen stage therein comprising a pre-evacuation chamber partitioned from the specimen chamber of the microscope, an interim stage housed in said pre-evacuation chamber, a specimen holder holding the specimen, said holder being mounted on said interim stage, means for maintaining the interim stage and the holder sufficiently cold to maintain the sample frozen, a cutting tool attached to the pre-evacuation chamber for cutting the frozen specimen, a heating means for defrosting a surface of the frozen specimen, an optical microscope mounted in the wall of the pre-evacuation chamber for observing the specimen from outside the chamber, and means for transferring the treated specimen from the interim stage to the specimen stage of the specimen chamber.
- An apparatus for treating a frozen biological specimen or the like in a scanning electron microscope having a specimen chamber and a specimen stage therein comprising a pre-evacuation chamber partitioned from the specimen chamber of the microscope, an interim stage housed in said pre-evacuation chamber, a specimenholder for holding the specimen, said holder being mounted on said interim stage, means for maintaining the interim stage and the holder sufficiently cold to maintain the sample frozen, means for treating the frozen specimen, means for transferring the treated specimen from the interim stage to the specimen stage of the specimen chamber, and a means for supplying the preevacuation chamber of the microscope with dry gas during specimen exchange.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
A biological specimen is prepared for electron scanning by plunging it into liquid nitrogen or liquid Freon. The frozen specimen together with its holder is transferred into the preevacuation chamber of a scanning electron microscope and treated according to the purpose of observation. When this is completed, the specimen is transferred to the specimen stage in the specimen chamber, the stage being maintained cold. The scanning electron beam is applied and the specimen image is observed.
Description
United States Patent Hasegawa et al.
1451 Sept. 25, 1973 Inventors: Yoichi Hasegawa; Yuji Nagasawa,
both of Tokyo, Japan OTHER PUBLICATIONS Scanning Electron Microscopy of Labile Biological Material..., Echlin et al. Scanning Electron Microscopy Conference, IIT Research Inst. 4/1970 Cryofacture of Biological Material, Haggis, Scanning Electron Microscopy Conference, IIT Research Inst., Chicago, Ill. April, 1970 [73] Assignee: Nihon Denshi Kabushiki Kaisha, Tokyo, Japan Primary Examiner-James W. Lawrence [22] Flled' 1972 Assistant ExaminerC. E. Church [21] Appl. No.: 232,405 Attorney-John M. Webb [30] Foreign Application Priority Data [57] ABSTRACT Mar. 16. 1971 Japan ..46/l7578 Oct. 29. 1971 Japan ..46/100577 A blologlcal Speclmen 15 P p for electron Scan- Nov. 2. 1971 Japan ..46/87408 g y plung ng it int liqui n t ogen or liquid Freon.
The frozen specimen together with its holder is trans- [52] U.S. Cl. 250/49.5 B f red into the pre-evacuation chamber of a scanning [51 Int. Cl. I'IOlj 37/18 l tron mi ro cope and treated according to the pur- Of Search A, B pose of bservation. when this is r pleted the specimen is transferred to the specimen stage in the speci- References Cited men chamber, the stage being maintained cold. The UNITED STATES PATENTS scanning electron beam is applied and the specimen 3.483.373 12/1969 Asmus 250/495 B Image Observed- 3.374.349 3/1968 Macres... 250/495 PE 2.417.213 3/1947 Picard 250/495 B 6 Claims, 7 Drawmg Figures kn! J i I I PAIEmmsEPw 3:61.109
Accordingly, it is an advantage of this invention to prevent the formation of frost on the specimen surface or to facilitate the removal of frost forming on the specimen surface. It is another advantage of this invention to prevent the formation of frost on the cross-section surface of the specimen where it is desired to carry out observation of the section. It is yet another advantage of this invention to prevent frost from forming on the interim specimen stage housed in the pre-evacuation chamber or on the inner wall of the pre-evacuation chamber during specimen exchange.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Briefly, according to this invention, a pre-evacuation chamber is provided adjacent the electron optical column of the scanning electron microscope. The sample is quenched in liquid gas to be frozen. Thereafter, the sample is transferred to the pre-evacuation chamber and manipulated prior to placement in the specimen stage of the microscope to avoid the formation of frost or to remove the frost on the sample surface.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention, the above objects are made possible by placing certain devices and mechanisms, depending on the object in view, in the pre-evacuation chamber of a scanning electron microscope.
THE DRAWINGS The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. I shows the evacuation system of a typical scanning electron microscope;
FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate how the specimen is frozen according to this invention;
FIG. 4 shows an embodiment for observing a frost free cross-section of the frozen specimen;
FIGS. 5 and 6 show embodiments for removing the frost from the surface of the frozen specimen; and,
FIG. 7 shows an embodiment for preventing the formation of frost during specimen exchange.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring to FIG. I, an electron optical column I includes an electron gun chamber la and specimen chamber lb. Column 1 is roughly evacuated by rotary pump 2 through valve 3 and completely evacuated by diffusion pump 4 and rotary pump 5 through valve 6. A pre-evacuation chamber 7 is partitioned from the specimen chamber in column 1 by a door 8 and from the atmosphere by a cover 9. The chamber 7 is evacuated by rotary pump 2 through valve 10 and is leaked through valve 11. The following embodiment of the invention relates to the pre-evacuation chamber.
Referring to FIG. 2, a biological specimen 12 is fixed onto a specimen holder 13, into which a holder exchanging rod 14 is screwed. Thus assembled, the holder is plunged into liquid nitrogen 15 or liquid Freon in the vessel 16. The specimen is then enclosed by means of a cover 17 (shown in FIG. 3) while still submerged in the refrigerant, after which, the sealed specimen is transferred into the pre-evacuation chamber 7. Next, as
shown in FIG. 3, the cover 17 is removed under vacuum by means of exchanging rod 14, which is mounted with ball 18 and socket 19, so as to force the cover off the holder by pushing it up against projection arm 20 forming part of the pre-evacuation chamber 7. Removal of the cover is facilitated by the provision of a glass viewing window 21 forming part of the cover 9. When this is completed, the specimen is transferred to the specimen stage in the specimen chamber in column 1, the stage being maintained in the cold state, the scanning electron beam is applied, and the specimen image is observed.
Referring to FIG. 4, an interim stage 22 is maintained in the cold state by means of a liquid nitrogen tank 23 and a heat conducting rod 24. An optical microscope 25 for observing the specimen mounted on the interim specimen stage 22 is mounted on the walls of the preevacuation chamber. A manipulating rod 26, supported by a ball 27 and socket 28 for ease of maneuverability is mounted in the chamber wall. A knife 29 or needle is attached to the tip of the rod in order to cut or slice the frozen specimen. Since the knife 29 or needle must be maintained in the cold state during specimen preparation, it is necessary to either bring the knife or needle into direct contact with the stage 22 prior to carrying out the cutting or slicing operation or to connect it to the heat conducting rod 24 by means of heat conducting wire belt 30. In either case, this embodiment enables the frozen specimen to be cut or sliced as desired without frost forming on the newly exposed surface, thereby making it possible to observe the inner structure of the specimen in an almost natural state.
Referring to FIG. 5, there is shown an embodiment comprising a heating coil 31 provided in the vicinity of the interim stage upon which the specimen holder complete with specimen is mounted. Heating current is supplied to the heating coil 30 from a supply source 32 via insulators 33. By utilizing this embodiment, it is possible to defrost a whole area of the specimen surface.
Referring to FIG. 6, there is shown an embodiment comprising an infrared ray irradiating device 34 mounted in place of the manipulating rod shown in FIG. 4. The device 34 is mounted on a roller 35, again for ease of maneuverability. Consequently, the infrared rays emitted from the lamp 36 are focused by two builtin lenses 37 and 38 and can be optionally directed on any desired part of the frozen specimen surface. In this way, it is possible to defrost the specific area for observation hardly affecting the temperature of the specimen as a whole.
The embodiment as shown in FIG. 7 is designed to prevent frost forming in the specimen chamber during specimen exchange. In the conventional apparatus, it is necessary to expose the pre-evacuation chamber to the atmsophere in order to retrieve the examined specimen and replace it with a new one. Consequently, the interim specimen stage becomes coated with frost; moreover, the sublimation of this frost, as a result of subsequent evacuation, causes frost to form on the new specimen. To prevent this from occurring, this invention employs the method whereby dry gas from a gas supply source 39 is supplied to the chamber via the leak valve 11 during the time the specimen is being exchanged.
Having thus described the invention with the detail and particularity as required by the Patent Laws, what is desired protected by Letters Patent is set forth in the following claims.
We claim:
1. An apparatus for treating a frozen biological specimen or the like in a scanning electron microscope having a specimen chamber and a specimen stage therein comprising a pre-evacuation chamber partitioned from the specimen chamber of the microscope, an interim stage disposed within said pre-evacuation chamber, a specimen holder for holding the specimen, said holder being mounted on said interim stage, means for maintaining the interim stage and the holder sufficiently cold to maintain the sample frozen, a cutting tool attached to the pre-evacuation chamber for cutting the frozen specimen, a heating means for defrosting a surface of the frozen specimen, and means for transferring the treated specimen from the interim stage to the specimen stage of the specimen chamber.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1 in which said heating means comprises a heating coil arranged around the frozen specimen mounted on the interim stage.
3. An apparatus according to claim 1 in which said heating means comprises an infrared ray irradiating device equipped with focusing means for selectively defrosting a given area of the surface of the frozen specimen mounted on the interim stage.
4. An apparatus according to claim 1 including means for keeping said cutting tool sufficiently cold so as not to unfreeze the sample surface on contact.
5. An apparatus for treating a frozen biological specimen or the like in a scanning electron microscope having a specimen chamber and a specimen stage therein comprising a pre-evacuation chamber partitioned from the specimen chamber of the microscope, an interim stage housed in said pre-evacuation chamber, a specimen holder holding the specimen, said holder being mounted on said interim stage, means for maintaining the interim stage and the holder sufficiently cold to maintain the sample frozen, a cutting tool attached to the pre-evacuation chamber for cutting the frozen specimen, a heating means for defrosting a surface of the frozen specimen, an optical microscope mounted in the wall of the pre-evacuation chamber for observing the specimen from outside the chamber, and means for transferring the treated specimen from the interim stage to the specimen stage of the specimen chamber.
6. An apparatus for treating a frozen biological specimen or the like in a scanning electron microscope having a specimen chamber and a specimen stage therein comprising a pre-evacuation chamber partitioned from the specimen chamber of the microscope, an interim stage housed in said pre-evacuation chamber, a specimenholder for holding the specimen, said holder being mounted on said interim stage, means for maintaining the interim stage and the holder sufficiently cold to maintain the sample frozen, means for treating the frozen specimen, means for transferring the treated specimen from the interim stage to the specimen stage of the specimen chamber, and a means for supplying the preevacuation chamber of the microscope with dry gas during specimen exchange.
Claims (6)
1. An apparatus for treating a frozen biological specimen or the like in a scanning electron microscope having a specimen chamber and a specimen stage therein comprising a pre-evacuation chamber partitioned from the specimen chamber of the microscope, an interim stage disposed within said pre-evacuation chamber, a specimen holder for holding the specimen, said holder being mounted on said interim stage, means for maintaining the interim stage and the holder sufficiently cold to maintain the sample frozen, a cutting tool attached to the pre-evacuation chamber for cutting the frozen specimen, a heating means for defrosting a surface of the frozen specimen, and means for transferring the treated specimen from the interim stage to the specimen stage of the specimen chamber.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1 in which said heating means comprises a heating coil arranged around the frozen specimen mounted on the interim stage.
3. An apparatus according to claim 1 in which said heating means comprises an infrared ray irradiating device equipped with focusing means for selectively defrosting a given area of the surface of the frozen specimen mounted on the interim stage.
4. An apparatus according to claim 1 including means for keeping said cutting tool sufficiently cold so as not to unfreeze the sample surface on contact.
5. An apparatus for treating a frozen biological specimen or the like in a scanning electron microscope having a specimen chamber and a specimen stage therein comprising a pre-evacuation chamber partitioned from the specimen chamber of the microscope, an interim stage housed in said pre-evacuation chamber, a specimen holder holding the specimen, said holder being mounted on said interim stage, means for maintaining the interim stage and the holder sufficiently cold to maintain the sample frozen, a cutting tool attached to the pre-evacuation chamber for cutting the frozen specimen, a heating means for defrosting a surface of the frozen specimen, an optical microscope mounted in the wall of the pre-evacuation chamber for observing the specimen from outside the chamber, and means for transferring the treated specimen from the interim stage to the specimen stage of the specimen chamber.
6. An apparatus for treating a frozen biological specimen or the like in a scanning electron microscope having a specimen chamber and a specimen stage therein comprising a pre-evacuation chamber partitioned from the specimen chamber of the microscope, an interim stage housed in said pre-evacuation chamber, a specimen holder for holding the specimen, said holder being mounted on said interim stage, means for maintaining the interim stage and the holder sufficiently cold to maintain the sample frozen, means for treating the frozen specimen, means for transferring the treated specimen from the interim stage to the specimen stage of the specimen chamber, and a means for supplying the pre-evacuation chamber of the microscope with dry gas during specimen exchange.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP1757871U JPS5120680Y2 (en) | 1971-03-16 | 1971-03-16 | |
JP10057771U JPS5127716Y2 (en) | 1971-10-29 | 1971-10-29 | |
JP8740871A JPS5116252B2 (en) | 1971-11-02 | 1971-11-02 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3761709A true US3761709A (en) | 1973-09-25 |
Family
ID=27281891
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00232405A Expired - Lifetime US3761709A (en) | 1971-03-16 | 1972-03-07 | Method and apparatus for observing biological specimens using a scanning electron microscope |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3761709A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2211423C3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2130141B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1391336A (en) |
Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3858049A (en) * | 1973-09-17 | 1974-12-31 | Etec Corp | Method and apparatus for sem specimen coating and transfer |
US3885158A (en) * | 1973-10-23 | 1975-05-20 | Harris Corp | Specimen block and specimen block holder |
US3952203A (en) * | 1972-07-21 | 1976-04-20 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Wissenschaften E.V. | Object adjustment device for a charged particle beam apparatus |
US3980885A (en) * | 1974-09-06 | 1976-09-14 | Vincent William Steward | Diagnosis by proton bombardment |
US3984683A (en) * | 1975-05-27 | 1976-10-05 | Rca Corporation | Apparatus and method for analyzing biological cells for malignancy |
US4227080A (en) * | 1977-12-05 | 1980-10-07 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Device for shifting frozen specimen, for use in scanning type electron microscope |
US4284894A (en) * | 1979-02-17 | 1981-08-18 | C. Reichert Optische Werke, Ag | Cold chamber for the working objects for microscopic and electron microscopic investigations |
US4349242A (en) * | 1980-02-15 | 1982-09-14 | Nihon Denshi Kabushiki Kaisha | Specimen observation apparatus including an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope |
US4749868A (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1988-06-07 | Kureha Chemical Industry Company Limited | Method of processing a sample containing water under scanning electron microscope and apparatus thereof |
US4916314A (en) * | 1988-09-23 | 1990-04-10 | Amoco Corporation | Method and apparatus for analyzing components of selected fluid inclusions |
US4948979A (en) * | 1987-12-21 | 1990-08-14 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Vacuum device for handling workpieces |
US5039864A (en) * | 1989-08-11 | 1991-08-13 | Jeol Ltd. | Device for replacing electron microscope specimens |
US5210424A (en) * | 1990-12-20 | 1993-05-11 | Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme Ag | Cooling means for components in a vacuum chamber |
US5362964A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1994-11-08 | Electroscan Corporation | Environmental scanning electron microscope |
US5412211A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1995-05-02 | Electroscan Corporation | Environmental scanning electron microscope |
US5986270A (en) * | 1996-12-23 | 1999-11-16 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Particle-optical apparatus including a low-temperature specimen holder |
EP1394834A2 (en) * | 2002-09-02 | 2004-03-03 | FEI Company | Method of obtaining an image of a sample in a particle-optical device |
US20100230590A1 (en) * | 2006-06-07 | 2010-09-16 | Fei Company | Compact Scanning Electron Microscope |
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US2417213A (en) * | 1944-12-28 | 1947-03-11 | Rca Corp | Device for indirect heating of materials |
US3374349A (en) * | 1966-11-14 | 1968-03-19 | Victor G. Macres | Electron probe having a specific shortfocal length magnetic lens and light microscope |
US3483373A (en) * | 1966-07-28 | 1969-12-09 | Siemens Ag | Airlock assembly for corpuscular ray devices |
Family Cites Families (2)
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US2826701A (en) * | 1954-09-01 | 1958-03-11 | Gen Electric | Low temperature chamber for electronoptics instruments |
FR1520418A (en) * | 1965-11-25 | 1968-04-12 | Balzers Patent Beteilig Ag | Electronic emission microscope |
-
1972
- 1972-03-07 US US00232405A patent/US3761709A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1972-03-09 FR FR7208209A patent/FR2130141B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-03-09 DE DE2211423A patent/DE2211423C3/en not_active Expired
- 1972-03-14 GB GB1190472A patent/GB1391336A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2417213A (en) * | 1944-12-28 | 1947-03-11 | Rca Corp | Device for indirect heating of materials |
US3483373A (en) * | 1966-07-28 | 1969-12-09 | Siemens Ag | Airlock assembly for corpuscular ray devices |
US3374349A (en) * | 1966-11-14 | 1968-03-19 | Victor G. Macres | Electron probe having a specific shortfocal length magnetic lens and light microscope |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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Cryofacture of Biological Material, Haggis, Scanning Electron Microscopy Conference, IIT Research Inst., Chicago, Ill. April, 1970 * |
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Labile Biological Material..., Echlin et al. Scanning Electron Microscopy Conference, IIT Research Inst. 4/1970 * |
Cited By (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3952203A (en) * | 1972-07-21 | 1976-04-20 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Wissenschaften E.V. | Object adjustment device for a charged particle beam apparatus |
US3858049A (en) * | 1973-09-17 | 1974-12-31 | Etec Corp | Method and apparatus for sem specimen coating and transfer |
US3885158A (en) * | 1973-10-23 | 1975-05-20 | Harris Corp | Specimen block and specimen block holder |
US3980885A (en) * | 1974-09-06 | 1976-09-14 | Vincent William Steward | Diagnosis by proton bombardment |
US3984683A (en) * | 1975-05-27 | 1976-10-05 | Rca Corporation | Apparatus and method for analyzing biological cells for malignancy |
US4227080A (en) * | 1977-12-05 | 1980-10-07 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Device for shifting frozen specimen, for use in scanning type electron microscope |
US4284894A (en) * | 1979-02-17 | 1981-08-18 | C. Reichert Optische Werke, Ag | Cold chamber for the working objects for microscopic and electron microscopic investigations |
US4349242A (en) * | 1980-02-15 | 1982-09-14 | Nihon Denshi Kabushiki Kaisha | Specimen observation apparatus including an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope |
US4749868A (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1988-06-07 | Kureha Chemical Industry Company Limited | Method of processing a sample containing water under scanning electron microscope and apparatus thereof |
US4948979A (en) * | 1987-12-21 | 1990-08-14 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Vacuum device for handling workpieces |
US4916314A (en) * | 1988-09-23 | 1990-04-10 | Amoco Corporation | Method and apparatus for analyzing components of selected fluid inclusions |
US5039864A (en) * | 1989-08-11 | 1991-08-13 | Jeol Ltd. | Device for replacing electron microscope specimens |
US5210424A (en) * | 1990-12-20 | 1993-05-11 | Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme Ag | Cooling means for components in a vacuum chamber |
US5362964A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1994-11-08 | Electroscan Corporation | Environmental scanning electron microscope |
US5412211A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1995-05-02 | Electroscan Corporation | Environmental scanning electron microscope |
US5986270A (en) * | 1996-12-23 | 1999-11-16 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Particle-optical apparatus including a low-temperature specimen holder |
EP1394834A2 (en) * | 2002-09-02 | 2004-03-03 | FEI Company | Method of obtaining an image of a sample in a particle-optical device |
US20040041094A1 (en) * | 2002-09-02 | 2004-03-04 | Johannes Petrus Geurts Remco Theodorus | Method of obtaining a particle-optical image of a sample in a particle-optical device |
US6888136B2 (en) * | 2002-09-02 | 2005-05-03 | Fei Company | Method of obtaining a particle-optical image of a sample in a particle-optical device |
EP1394834A3 (en) * | 2002-09-02 | 2005-11-16 | FEI Company | Method of obtaining an image of a sample in a particle-optical device |
US20100230590A1 (en) * | 2006-06-07 | 2010-09-16 | Fei Company | Compact Scanning Electron Microscope |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2211423C3 (en) | 1979-11-08 |
DE2211423B2 (en) | 1979-03-15 |
DE2211423A1 (en) | 1972-09-21 |
GB1391336A (en) | 1975-04-23 |
FR2130141B1 (en) | 1976-06-11 |
FR2130141A1 (en) | 1972-11-03 |
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