US3760782A - Ignition circuit - Google Patents

Ignition circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
US3760782A
US3760782A US00277926A US3760782DA US3760782A US 3760782 A US3760782 A US 3760782A US 00277926 A US00277926 A US 00277926A US 3760782D A US3760782D A US 3760782DA US 3760782 A US3760782 A US 3760782A
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United States
Prior art keywords
voltage
ignition
secondary winding
diode
winding
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00277926A
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English (en)
Inventor
K Meyer
G Strelow
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P3/00—Other installations
    • F02P3/005—Other installations having inductive-capacitance energy storage

Definitions

  • An ignition circuit for combustion engines has an ignition transformer and an ignition spool, each having primary and secondary windings. The two secondary windings are series connected by means of a high voltage diode. Another high voltage diode bridges the first mentioned diode and the secondary of the ignition spool -both diodes being arranged to conduct current in the same direction. A sparkplug is connected between the free endsvof the secondary winding.
  • This invention relates .to ignition systems, and more particularly to an ignition system for an internal combustion engine having an ignition transformer and an ignition spool.
  • a capacitor acting as capacitive energy supply'is connected to the primary winding of the ignition transformer.
  • the ignition spool acts'as an inductive energy supply the secondary windings of the transformer and the spool being series connected by means of a voltage dependent switching element which decouples the two secondary windings.
  • Ignition systems of this type are already known wherein a battery supplied D.C. converter charges a capacitor which is connected to the primary winding of the ignition transformer.
  • An ignition spool has its primary winding connected to an accumulator battery to establish a current therethrough.
  • the capacitor is discharged through the primary winding of the ignition transformer and simultaneously the current in the ignition spool in the primary winding thereof is interrupted.
  • voltages are induced in the secondary windings of the ignition transformer as well as of the ignition spool, these voltages being directly or by means of an ignition distributor applied to the sparkplugs to generate an intensive or strong and adequately long ignition spark.
  • the above-described ignition systems have, however, serious disadvantages.
  • the high voltages which the high voltage diodes are to block usually in cases of ignition interruption or spark jump whereby a spark fails to develop across the sparkplug, exceeds the maximum desired no-load voltages of approximately to kilovolts on the secondary sides of the ignition trans- I former.
  • These high voltages are produced as a result of the arrangement of the diodes in relation to the secondary windings.
  • the secondary side of the ignition transformer has a stray capacitance which, in the absence of the spark, charges to the maximum no-load voltage induced in the secondary winding of the ignition transformer.
  • an ignition system for internal combustion engines comprises, in combination, an ignition transformer having first primary and secondary windings. Capacitor means are provided for periodically discharging through said first primary winding. Ignition coil means are provided having second primary and second secondary windings, each of said windings having a first and a second end. Means are provided for periodically inducing a voltage in said second secondary winding substantially simultaneously with said periodic discharges. First voltage dependent switching means are provided which are connected to said second end of said first secondary winding to said first end of said second secondary winding. Second voltage dependent switching means are provided for bridging said first voltage dependent switching means and said second secondary winding. Sparkplug means are provided which are connected between saidfirst end of said first secondary winding and said second end of said second secondary winding.
  • At least one of said voltage dependent switching means comprises a diode.
  • both voltage dependent switching means comprise diodes, both being arranged to condut current in the same direction.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic of an ignition system in accordance with the present invention, showing both capacitive and inductive energy supply means;
  • FIG. 2 are time plots of voltage curves across different elements in the high-voltage circuit of the ignition system illustrated in FIG. 1 during idling, during which no ignition spark takes place.
  • the ignition system is supplied by an accumulator battery 1.
  • a D.C. converter 2 Connected to the positive pole of the battery 1 is a D.C. converter 2 whose operation is well known.
  • the output of the D.C. converter 2 is connected to an energy storing capacitor 4 over a diode 3.
  • the capacitor 4 is connected to one free end of the primary winding 5 of anignition transformer 6 the capacitor 4 and the primary winding 5 being series connected.
  • the other free end of the primary winding 5 is connected to a ground reference potential point.
  • a thyristor 7 Connected in parallel to the series connection of the capacitor 4 and the primary winding 5 is a thyristor 7 whose cathode is connected to ground while its anode is connected to a point between the diode 3 and the capacitor 4.
  • positive pole of the battery 1 is further connected to the emitter of a transistor 8 whose collector is connected to one free end of the primary winding 10 over a resistor 9.
  • the primary winding 10 forms part of ignition spool 11 which acts in the ignition system as an inductive energy supplying means, as will be described hereafter.
  • the other end of the primary winding 10 is connected to the circuit ground.
  • the secondary windings 12 and 13 of the ignition transformer 6 and of the ignition coil 1 1 respectively are connected in series to each other. Connecting the second end of the secondary winding 12 and the first end of the secondary winding 13 is a high-voltage diode 14.
  • a second high-voltage diode l bridges the secondary winding 13 of the ignition spool l 1 as well as the high-voltage diode 14.
  • Both high-voltage diodes l4 and 15 are arranged to conduct current in the same direction, i.e., from the secondary winding 12 towards the circuit ground. To this end, the two anodes of the two high-voltage diodes are connected with one another. The second diode 15 has its cathode connected to the circuit ground. Between the first end of the winding 12 and the second end of the winding 13 is connected a sparkplug 16.
  • the stray or interwinding capacitance of the secondary windings 12 and 13 is represented by the equivalent lump capacitor 17 which acts between the first end of the winding 12 and the second end of the winding 13 and is shown connected between these two points by the dashed lines.
  • the capacitor 17 acts as an equivalent capacitor connected parallel to the sparkplug 16.
  • the second end of the primary winding 12 is not connected to the circuit ground, as is well known to be the case in present ignition systems, but is connected to the circuit ground over the secondary winding 13 of the ignition spool 11 as well as over the high-voltage diodes 14 and 15, there appears another stray capacitance during the operation of the ignition system between the secondary winding 12 and with the primary winding 5 of the ignition transformer 6, the latter having one of tis free ends connected to the circuit ground.
  • the stray or interwinding capacitance between the windings 5 and 12 is represented by the lump capacitor 18 shown to be connected between the second end of the secondary winding 12 and the circuit ground. This connection, in FIG. 1, is shown by means of the dashed line.
  • the converter 2 charges the capacitor 4 over the diode 3 to a positive voltage of approximately 400 volts.
  • the thyristor 7 is blocked at this time.
  • a current flows over the transistor 8 emitter-collector path through the resistor 9 to the primary winding of the ignition spool 1 1.
  • the current flowing through the primary winding 10 is a DC current of substantially constant magnitude, although during the operation of the ignition system at high frequencies, the current flowing in the primary also includes exponential rising and falling portions representing the time constants of this primary circuit. In both cases, the flow of a current through the primary winding 10 establishes a strong magnetic field about this winding in accordance with well-known principles.
  • the thyristor 7 is made conductive by applying a voltage pulse to its control electrode in a well-known manner.
  • the means for applying a control pulse to the control electrode is well known and does not form part of the present invention.
  • the control pulse to the thyristor 7 becomes conductive to thereby form a loop circuit consisting of the thyristor 7, the capacitor 4 and the primary windings 5.
  • the capacitor 4 discharges through the thyristor 7 and a loop current flows through the primary winding 5 of the ignition transformer 6.
  • the current surge in the primary winding 5 induces a high voltage pulse in the secondary winding 12 of the ignition transformer 6.
  • the initial surge produces a negative voltage in the secondary winding 12 the negative voltage being defined as one where the first end of the primary winding 12 is more negative than the second end thereof. Because the second end of the secondary winding 12, which is connected to the anode of the diode 15, is positive with respect to ground, the high-voltage diode 15 is made conductive and a current is caused to flow in the secondary winding 12, the diode 15 as well as in the sparkplug 16 and the capacitor 17 simultaneously. The strong or high magnitude voltage pulse thus caused to flow through the sparkplug 16 generates a strong spark, in accordance with well-known principles, even if the sparkplugs are fouled or covered with soot.
  • a spark When a spark is produced, during normal operation, the resistance across the sparkplugs 16 decreases substantially and the voltages developed across the capacitor 17 do not rise to dangerous levels. Simultaneously with the application of a control pulse to the thyristor 17, or slightly earlier or subsequently thereto, a control pulse is applied to the base of the transistor 8. In the case of the transistor 8, a PNP transistor, a positive pulse is applied thereto to block the normally conducting transistor to thereby interrupt the current which flows in the emitter-collector path thereof. Accordingly, the cur rent flowing in the primary winding 10 will be interrupted. The magnetic field which was established about the ignition spool 11 collapses and a high voltage is induced in the secondary winding 13.
  • the voltage induced in the secondary winding 13 is similarly a negative voltage, i.e., the first end of the winding 13 is more negative than the second end thereof, the latter end being connected to the circuit ground. Accordingly, the cathode of the diode 14 is placed at a substantially negative voltage and the latter diode is made conductive. At such time, a current is caused to flow in the secondary winding 12, the diode 14, the secondary winding 13 as well as in the parallel combination of the sparkplug l6 and the capacitor 17. This second current caused by the voltage induced in the secondary winding 13 is utilized to maintain the length of the spark across the spark gap for an adequately long time.
  • the secondary winding 12 of the ignition transformer 6 still somewhat influences the secondary winding 13 of the ignition spool 11.
  • this influence is insignificant since the secondary inductance of the ignition spool 11 is substantially greater than is that of the ignition transformer 6.
  • the diode l5 decouples the secondary winding 13 of the ignition spool 11 from the secondary winding 12 of the ignition transformer 6, by bridging over the ignition spool 11 secondary side
  • the purpose of the high-voltage diode 14 is to prevent the interference of the build-up of the magnetic field about the primary winding by the circuitry connected to the secondary winding 13.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the voltagesappearing across the various elements of the high-voltage circuit during idling.
  • the voltage U appears across the secondary winding 12 of the ignition transformer 6, the volt age U appears on the secondary winding 13 of the ignition spool 11, the voltage U on the high-voltage lead of the sparkplug 16, the voltage U on the high-voltage diode 14 and the voltage U on the high-voltage diode 15.
  • the voltage across the winding 12 goes slightly negative and finally goes towards zero voltage while remaining in the negative region.
  • a voltage U is induced across the secondary winding 13 which initially tends towards the negative region the voltage slowly becoming more negative until it reaches a maximum value.
  • the voltage U remains in the region of its maximum negative voltage for approximately several 100 microseconds and then gradually becomes more positive until it crosses the zero voltage level and tends towards zero by means of a damped oscillation in the positive voltage region.
  • the voltage U appearing as the high-voltage contact of the sparkplug 16 exhibits the high negative voltage surge characteristic of the voltage U when the capacitor 4 is first discharged.
  • the voltage U appearing on the high-voltage diode 14 corresponds to the voltage U prior to the ignition time. As soon as the negative voltage U appears on the secondary winding 13, the diode 14 becomes conductive. As described above, a negative voltage across the secondary winding 13 causes the cathode of the diode 14 to be at a potential less negative than the circuit ground. Accordingly, the voltage U drops to its low forward conducting voltage. After the secondary voltage U has passed its region of maximum value, the voltage U appearing across the diode 14 again be comes negative. The diode 14 becomes non-conductive and the curve of the blocking voltage U becomes equal to the difference between the voltages U and U i.e., (U -U This different voltage is thereby maintained at a maximum of approximately 25 kilovolts.
  • the diode U is protected from excessive reverse voltages by the expedient of connecting the secondary windings 12 and 13 in series by means of the diode 14 so that the voltage across the capacitor 17 or U is prevented from reaching the high levels known in the prior art by insuring that the voltages across the capacitor 17, i.e., U and the voltage appearing across the secondary winding 13 are of opposite phase so that there is a cancellation to some extent of voltages and only the difference in these voltages appears across the back biased diode 14.
  • the voltage U across the high-voltage diode 15 responds to the voltage U across the condenser '17 or across the sparkplug 16.
  • the high-voltage diode 15 is in the conductive state.
  • a negative voltage across the secondary winding 12 means that the second end of the winding 12 connected to the anode of the diode 14 is positive with respect to the circuit ground. Accordingly, the diode 15 becomes conductive and the voltage U thereacross drops to its low forward conducting voltage. The current flowing through the diode 15 charges the capacitor 17 to approximately 30 kilovolts.
  • the capacitors 17 and 18 are connected in series with each other and with the winding 12.
  • the capacitor 18 is now charged to some extent by the charge first developed across the capacitor 18 the thus arranged series connected capacitors causing the voltage applied across the capacitor 17 to be voltage divided between itself and the capacitor 18.
  • This devision of voltage causes the voltages applied across either one of the capacitors 17 and 18 to be equal to approximately one-half the maximum obtainable voltage during ignition failure. Since the capacitor 18 is connected in parallel to the diode 15, it follows that the reverse voltage applied across the diode will be limited to the voltage which develops across the capacitor 18 this being limited to a value approximately of kilovolts.
  • the voltage diodes 14 can, e.g., also be selected to be a spark gap or a Zener diode which has a Zener voltage greater than approximately one kilovolt.
  • the important feature of the elements connecting the secondary windings are that they be voltage sensitive switching elements which control the flow of current therethrough as well as through the secondary windings as a function of the voltages applied thereacross. The sensitivity may be to the amplitude, the phase or other characteristics of the voltages induced in the secondary windings.
  • the secondary winding of the ignition transformer is disconnected from the circuit ground by a first voltage sensitive switching element upon the open circuit voltage exceeding a predetermined amount and is disconnected from a secondary winding 13 by means of a second voltage sensitive switching element.
  • the capacitance between the primary winding and the secondary windings of the ignition transformers namely capacitance 18, limits the value of the blocking voltage U to a value which is not dangerous to diode 15.
  • Such voltage reducing action takes place when no-load voltage is exceeded, typically when the sparkplug l6 fails to ignite to produce a spark thereacross.
  • an ignition transformer having first primary and first secondary windings; capacitor means for periodically discharging through said first primary winding; ignition coil means having second primary and second secondary windings, each of said windings having a first and a second end; means for periodically inducing a voltage in said second secondary winding substantially simultaneously with said periodic discharges; first voltage dependent switching means connecting said second end of said first secondary winding to said first end of said second secondary winding; second voltage dependent switching means bridging said first voltage dependent switching means and said second secondary winding; and spark plug means connected between said first end of said first secondary winding and said second end of said second secondary winding.
  • At least one of said voltage dependent switching means comprises a diode.
  • both said voltage dependent switching means comprise diodes, the latter diodes being arranged to conduct current in the same direction.
  • said first voltage dependent switching means comprises a zener diode.
  • said first voltage dependent switching mean comprises a spark gap.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
US00277926A 1971-08-06 1972-08-04 Ignition circuit Expired - Lifetime US3760782A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2139360A DE2139360C3 (de) 1971-08-06 1971-08-06 Zündanlage für Brennkraftmaschinen mit kapazitivem und induktivem Energiespeicher

Publications (1)

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US3760782A true US3760782A (en) 1973-09-25

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ID=5815944

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00277926A Expired - Lifetime US3760782A (en) 1971-08-06 1972-08-04 Ignition circuit

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3760782A (OSRAM)
AU (1) AU460243B2 (OSRAM)
BR (1) BR7205296D0 (OSRAM)
CH (1) CH543003A (OSRAM)
DE (1) DE2139360C3 (OSRAM)
ES (1) ES405579A1 (OSRAM)
FR (1) FR2149929A5 (OSRAM)
GB (1) GB1346147A (OSRAM)
IT (1) IT963785B (OSRAM)
SE (1) SE373638B (OSRAM)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3885541A (en) * 1973-07-23 1975-05-27 Teledyne Ind Dual ignition coil for internal combustion engine
FR2317804A1 (fr) * 1975-06-24 1977-02-04 Smiths Industries Ltd Dispositif electrique d'allumage
US4228778A (en) * 1977-09-22 1980-10-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Extended spark capacitor discharge ignition system
US5654868A (en) * 1995-10-27 1997-08-05 Sl Aburn, Inc. Solid-state exciter circuit with two drive pulses having indendently adjustable durations
GB2330878A (en) * 1997-10-29 1999-05-05 Jonathan Redecen Dibble Ignition circuits for i.c. engines
US6352069B1 (en) * 1999-04-08 2002-03-05 Jenbacher Aktiengesellschaft Ignition coil for internal combustion engines
WO2015100863A1 (zh) * 2013-12-31 2015-07-09 联合汽车电子有限公司 一种大能量点火线圈
US20150219062A1 (en) * 2012-09-12 2015-08-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ignition system for an internal combustion engine
US20150219063A1 (en) * 2012-09-12 2015-08-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ignition system for an internal combustion engine
US9605644B2 (en) 2013-06-06 2017-03-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Dual coil ignition system
US11879420B1 (en) * 2022-11-18 2024-01-23 Hyundai Motor Company System and method for controlling ignition coil

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0001354A1 (en) * 1977-09-21 1979-04-04 Basil Earle Wainwright Ignition system
DE2821084A1 (de) * 1978-05-13 1979-11-15 Bosch Gmbh Robert Zuendanlage fuer eine brennkraftmaschine
JPS5581270A (en) * 1978-12-12 1980-06-19 Shiyaku Fuu On Ignition coil having primary coil as multiple system and electronic ignization system using same
EP0028899A1 (en) * 1979-11-07 1981-05-20 Ultimate Holdings S.A. Apparatus for producing spark ignition of an internal combustion engine
JPS58214670A (ja) * 1982-06-05 1983-12-13 Sigma Electron Planning:Kk 内燃機関点火装置
US4915087A (en) * 1988-09-29 1990-04-10 Ford Motor Company Ignition system with enhanced combustion and fault tolerance
IT1234175B (it) * 1989-02-21 1992-05-05 Ducati Energia Spa Metodo e dispositivo survoltore.
FR2681907B1 (fr) * 1991-09-27 1993-12-31 Eyquem Generateur d'allumage haute energie notamment pour turbine a gaz.

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2203784A (en) * 1938-04-09 1940-06-11 Harry B Holthouse Ignition apparatus
US3280809A (en) * 1962-03-10 1966-10-25 Bosch Gmbh Robert Ignition arrangement for internal combustion engines
US3382407A (en) * 1965-06-21 1968-05-07 Gianni A. Dotto Ignition system for an internal combustion engine
US3635202A (en) * 1969-06-20 1972-01-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Ignition arrangements for internal combustion engines

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3196313A (en) * 1965-07-20 Ignition circuit with sustained spark

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2203784A (en) * 1938-04-09 1940-06-11 Harry B Holthouse Ignition apparatus
US3280809A (en) * 1962-03-10 1966-10-25 Bosch Gmbh Robert Ignition arrangement for internal combustion engines
US3382407A (en) * 1965-06-21 1968-05-07 Gianni A. Dotto Ignition system for an internal combustion engine
US3635202A (en) * 1969-06-20 1972-01-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Ignition arrangements for internal combustion engines

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3885541A (en) * 1973-07-23 1975-05-27 Teledyne Ind Dual ignition coil for internal combustion engine
FR2317804A1 (fr) * 1975-06-24 1977-02-04 Smiths Industries Ltd Dispositif electrique d'allumage
US4228778A (en) * 1977-09-22 1980-10-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Extended spark capacitor discharge ignition system
US5654868A (en) * 1995-10-27 1997-08-05 Sl Aburn, Inc. Solid-state exciter circuit with two drive pulses having indendently adjustable durations
GB2330878A (en) * 1997-10-29 1999-05-05 Jonathan Redecen Dibble Ignition circuits for i.c. engines
US6070568A (en) * 1997-10-29 2000-06-06 Dibble; Jonathan Redecen Ignition circuits
GB2330878B (en) * 1997-10-29 2002-02-13 Jonathan Redecen Dibble Ignition circuits
US6352069B1 (en) * 1999-04-08 2002-03-05 Jenbacher Aktiengesellschaft Ignition coil for internal combustion engines
US9784230B2 (en) * 2012-09-12 2017-10-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ignition system for an internal combustion engine
US20150219062A1 (en) * 2012-09-12 2015-08-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ignition system for an internal combustion engine
US20150219063A1 (en) * 2012-09-12 2015-08-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ignition system for an internal combustion engine
US9651016B2 (en) * 2012-09-12 2017-05-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ignition system for an internal combustion engine
US9605644B2 (en) 2013-06-06 2017-03-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Dual coil ignition system
US20160327008A1 (en) * 2013-12-31 2016-11-10 United Automotive Electronic Systems Co. Ltd High-energy ignition coil
WO2015100863A1 (zh) * 2013-12-31 2015-07-09 联合汽车电子有限公司 一种大能量点火线圈
US11879420B1 (en) * 2022-11-18 2024-01-23 Hyundai Motor Company System and method for controlling ignition coil

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1346147A (en) 1974-02-06
BR7205296D0 (pt) 1973-06-14
AU460243B2 (en) 1975-04-24
DE2139360B2 (de) 1981-05-27
IT963785B (it) 1974-01-21
DE2139360C3 (de) 1982-02-11
ES405579A1 (es) 1975-07-16
CH543003A (de) 1973-10-15
AU4530972A (en) 1974-02-07
DE2139360A1 (de) 1973-02-15
SE373638B (sv) 1975-02-10
FR2149929A5 (OSRAM) 1973-03-30

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