US3760635A - Durometer - Google Patents
Durometer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3760635A US3760635A US00192498A US3760635DA US3760635A US 3760635 A US3760635 A US 3760635A US 00192498 A US00192498 A US 00192498A US 3760635D A US3760635D A US 3760635DA US 3760635 A US3760635 A US 3760635A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- durometer
- shearing member
- shearing
- casing
- bore
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/40—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness
- G01N3/48—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness by performing impressions under impulsive load by indentors, e.g. falling ball
Definitions
- This invention relates to durometers for measuring the hardness of materials and a method for using such durometers.
- durometers in which an external member, to which an uncontrolled external force is applied, is connected to a stern supporting a penetrating tip by an element which breaks when a predetermined force is applied.
- the breaking element was a wire.
- This durometer has disadvantages preventing accurate measurements of the hardness.
- One disadvantage is that the wires, intended to break during the operation of the durometer, are usually cut from a continuously formed wire and their shear properties are seldom constant and are often found to be well outside required tolerance limits at various locations along the wire length.
- the penetrating tip When the control bar in such a durometer is broken, the penetrating tip initially moves with a speed which is dependent upon the speed with which the external member moves immediately after shearing.
- the depth of the impression made in the material whose hardness is to be measured therefore varies significantly if the penetrating tip, and any support member in which the penetrating tip is mounted, has a relatively large mass. It hasbeen customary in prior durometers for the penetrating tip to comprise a hardened steel ball or a diamond point mounted in a solid support member.
- the present invention provides a durometer comprising a penetrating tip, and a shearing member intended in operation to apply a force to the penetrating tip via a control bar which is dimensioned to shear when a predetermined force is applied to it by the shearing member, in which the penetrating tip is one end of a pin whose other end abuts the control bar, and in which the durometer is provided with damping means serving in operation to absorb kinetic energy of the shearing member after shearing of the control bar.
- the invention further provides a method of testing the hardness of a material by impressing a penetrating tip into a surface of the material to be tested, the impressing force being dependent upon the force required to shear an accurately dimensioned control bar and being transmitted to the penetrating tip by a shearing member via the control bar until the control bar shears, and by measuring the resulting impression in the material, in which method the impressing force is further transmitted by a pin, one end of which is the penetrat-- ing tip and the other end of which abuts the control bar, and in which method the movement of the shearing member is damped after the control bar has been shared.
- FIG. 1 shows a sectional elevational view of a first embodiment of a durometer according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 shows a similar view of a second embodiment of a durometer according to the-present invention
- FIG. 3 shows a similar view of a third embodiment of a durometer according to the invention.
- I FIG. 4 shows a similar view .of a fourth'embodiment of a durometer according to the-present invention.
- a durometer comprises a susbstantially cylindrical casing 1, of. which the upper end 2 is flared as shown.
- a cylindrical shearing member 3 isdisposed inside the casing l, the lower portion of shearing member 3 fitting snugly inside the lower portion of, the casing 1.
- the shearing member 3 is provided with a transverse hole in its lower portion, the hole extending completely through the shearing member 3.
- the shearing member 3 also has an axial hole in its lower portion which hole extends below the control bar 4 to the lower end of shearing member 3 and also above the control bar4.
- a pin 5 is provided in the axial hole, the upper end of the pin 5 abutting the control bar 4 and the lower end of the pin 5 constituting a penetrating tip 6.
- the pin 5 is frictionally held in position in the axial hole in the shearing member3 by means of a ball 7 urged against the pin by a spring 8.
- control bar 4 will shear and only the accurately known force necessary to shear the control bar 4 will be applied to pin 5 and to penetrating tip 6.
- the durometer In use, the durometer is placed in a surface on a material to be tested so that the bottom end of the casing l and the penetrating tip 6 contact the surface.
- the penetrating tip 6 makes an impression in the surface due to the controlled force applied to the penetrating tip 6, and the depth of the impression depends on the hardness of the material.
- the pin 5 may be made of small size and therefore low mass so that the inertia of the pin 5 will not significantly affect the depth of the impression in the surface of the material to be tested. Thus, an impression is formed which is substantially independent of the magnitude of the impact force applied to the head 9.
- the shearing member 3 is further provided, as shown in FIG. 1, with a flared collar section 10.
- a flared collar section 10 Preferably, the surface of the flared section and the inside surface of the flared section 2 of the casing 1 are substantially parallel.
- the casing 1 does not have a flared section and the shearing member 3 does not have a flared collar.
- the damping means are constituted by a resilient annular member 12 fixed onto the lower face of the annular shoulder 11 of the shearing member 3. In operation, damping is effected when the resilient member 12 strikes the upper face 13 of the casing l.
- FIG. 3 is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 2, except that in FIG. 3 the annular resilient member 12 is dispensed with. Instead, the durometer is provided with an annular resilient member 14 on the bottom of the casing 1.
- the casing 1 is not provided and damping is effected by an annular resilient member 15 on the lower end of the shearing member 3.
- the stroke of the shearing member 3 is limited by the annular resilient member 15 striking the surface of the material to be tested.
- a durometer comprising an elongated shearing member provided in one end portion thereof with a first bore extending in longitudinal direction of the elongation of said shearing member and a second bore extending transverse to and intersecting said first bore; a control bar dimensioned to shear upon application of a predetermined force located in said second bore; a pin slidably arranged in said first bore and abutting with one end against said control bar and projecting with the other end, which constitutes a penetrating tip for making an impression in a material whose hardness has to be measured, beyond one end of said shearing member; and damping means located outside said first bore and serving in operation to absorb kinetic energy of said shearing member.
- said damping means comprises a resilient annular member applied to said one end of said shearing member.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT3211270 | 1970-11-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3760635A true US3760635A (en) | 1973-09-25 |
Family
ID=11234915
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00192498A Expired - Lifetime US3760635A (en) | 1970-11-24 | 1971-10-26 | Durometer |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3760635A (OSRAM) |
| JP (1) | JPS543637B1 (OSRAM) |
| CH (1) | CH532247A (OSRAM) |
| DE (1) | DE2157466C3 (OSRAM) |
| ES (1) | ES173168Y (OSRAM) |
| FR (1) | FR2115805A5 (OSRAM) |
| GB (1) | GB1333446A (OSRAM) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116026714A (zh) * | 2023-03-28 | 2023-04-28 | 中山大学 | 一种水平孔岩石硬度测量装置 |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12266856B2 (en) | 2021-07-12 | 2025-04-01 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Electronic device including antenna |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE341512C (OSRAM) * | ||||
| US1071430A (en) * | 1913-03-21 | 1913-08-26 | William Herbert Keen | Apparatus for testing the hardness of metals. |
| US1348897A (en) * | 1919-07-28 | 1920-08-10 | Ringland Albert | Portable brinnell hardness-tester |
| US2094584A (en) * | 1936-07-27 | 1937-10-05 | Ormond L Cox | Limited strain wrench |
| US2446537A (en) * | 1944-11-16 | 1948-08-10 | Clarence N Hickman | Thrust gauge |
| DE897628C (de) * | 1951-07-29 | 1953-11-23 | Rudolf Dr-Ing Boeklen | Schlaghaertepruefer mit Vergleichstab |
| US3213680A (en) * | 1963-03-15 | 1965-10-26 | Du Pont | Load cell protector |
-
1971
- 1971-10-07 CH CH1464471A patent/CH532247A/it not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-10-09 ES ES1971173168U patent/ES173168Y/es not_active Expired
- 1971-10-13 GB GB4771471A patent/GB1333446A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-10-19 FR FR7137462A patent/FR2115805A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-10-26 US US00192498A patent/US3760635A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-11-19 DE DE2157466A patent/DE2157466C3/de not_active Expired
- 1971-11-24 JP JP9438571A patent/JPS543637B1/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE341512C (OSRAM) * | ||||
| US1071430A (en) * | 1913-03-21 | 1913-08-26 | William Herbert Keen | Apparatus for testing the hardness of metals. |
| US1348897A (en) * | 1919-07-28 | 1920-08-10 | Ringland Albert | Portable brinnell hardness-tester |
| US2094584A (en) * | 1936-07-27 | 1937-10-05 | Ormond L Cox | Limited strain wrench |
| US2446537A (en) * | 1944-11-16 | 1948-08-10 | Clarence N Hickman | Thrust gauge |
| DE897628C (de) * | 1951-07-29 | 1953-11-23 | Rudolf Dr-Ing Boeklen | Schlaghaertepruefer mit Vergleichstab |
| US3213680A (en) * | 1963-03-15 | 1965-10-26 | Du Pont | Load cell protector |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116026714A (zh) * | 2023-03-28 | 2023-04-28 | 中山大学 | 一种水平孔岩石硬度测量装置 |
| CN116026714B (zh) * | 2023-03-28 | 2023-06-23 | 中山大学 | 一种水平孔岩石硬度测量装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES173168U (es) | 1972-03-01 |
| DE2157466B2 (de) | 1980-05-08 |
| DE2157466C3 (de) | 1981-01-22 |
| GB1333446A (en) | 1973-10-10 |
| FR2115805A5 (OSRAM) | 1972-07-07 |
| JPS543637B1 (OSRAM) | 1979-02-24 |
| ES173168Y (es) | 1972-09-01 |
| CH532247A (it) | 1972-12-31 |
| DE2157466A1 (de) | 1972-06-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US3879982A (en) | Method and apparatus for testing hardness of specimens | |
| US4034603A (en) | Method of an apparatus for testing the hardness of materials | |
| Mok et al. | The dynamic stress-strain relation of metals as determined from impact tests with a hard ball | |
| US2804769A (en) | Hardness tester work piece clamping means | |
| US5813277A (en) | Apparatus and method for measuring the tensile strength of fabric | |
| CA1050784A (en) | Method of and apparatus for testing the hardness of materials | |
| WO2003056303A1 (de) | Härtemessgerät mit einem gehäuse und einem eindringkörper, insbesondere handgerät | |
| US3760635A (en) | Durometer | |
| US2323925A (en) | Hardness testing tool | |
| US1708262A (en) | Hardness-testing device | |
| DE3128711A1 (de) | Schlagwerk zur werkstoffpruefung | |
| DE2159503B1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur haertepruefung | |
| US1071430A (en) | Apparatus for testing the hardness of metals. | |
| Taylor | JAMES FORREST LECTURE 1946. THE TESTING OF MATERIALS AT HIGH RATES OF LOADING. | |
| US855923A (en) | Process of testing the hardness and density of metals and other materials. | |
| US3200639A (en) | Hardness tester | |
| US3503252A (en) | Impact signal device for sonic testing | |
| RU2058543C1 (ru) | Прибор для определения прочности материала по его твердости | |
| US1584320A (en) | Method and apparatus for testing materials | |
| US3524343A (en) | Hardness testers | |
| GB899461A (en) | Hardness measuring apparatus | |
| SU1642311A1 (ru) | Стенд дл динамических испытаний образцов | |
| SU1753359A1 (ru) | Устройство дл определени прочности материалов | |
| US4018084A (en) | Acoustic emissions simulator | |
| CH283472A (de) | Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der Härte eines Werkstoffes und Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens. |