US3757707A - Incinerator - Google Patents

Incinerator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3757707A
US3757707A US00219041A US3757707DA US3757707A US 3757707 A US3757707 A US 3757707A US 00219041 A US00219041 A US 00219041A US 3757707D A US3757707D A US 3757707DA US 3757707 A US3757707 A US 3757707A
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Prior art keywords
waste material
combustion chamber
chamber
air
side wall
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00219041A
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English (en)
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R Shields
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/32—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor the waste being subjected to a whirling movement, e.g. cyclonic incinerators

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An incinerator for burning waste materlal including a [21] PP No.3 219,041 horizontally extending combustion chamber having 12 Claims, Drawing Figures [52] US. Cl; 110/8 C, 110/28 F [51] Int. Cl. F23g 5/12 [58] Field of Search 110/7 R, 8 R, 8 C, 110/28 R, 28 F [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,536,049 10/1970 Agrest 110/28 X 3.456, 603 7/1969 Studler....
  • This invention relates to incinerators and has particular relation to municipal and industrial type incinerators for burning waste material.
  • flue gas cleaning apparatus In an effort to comply with regulator air pollution codes, more recent incinerator designs have provided for cleaning the gaseous products of combustion prior to the discharge to atmosphere. Such flue gas cleaning apparatus is usually of costly and bulky construction and in some cases has not operated to clean the flue gases sufficiently to comply with regulatory codes.
  • One known flue gas cleaning apparatus includes means for conducting the gaseous products of combustion through water sprays so that the suspended ashes and other particulate matter are entrained in the water which is then collected and conveyed to a suitable clarification system. This type of flue gas cleaning apparatus is expensive and complex and contributes not only to the high cost and massive structure of prior art incincraters, but also to water pollution.
  • an incinerator which includes a combustion chamber having spaced end walls and a side wall with its central longitudinal axis extending between the end walls.
  • the chamber is preferably generally cylindrical in configuration and is disposed in operative position with the central longitudinal axis extending horizontally or substantially horizontally.
  • Means are provided for introducing waste material and primary air into the chamber for establishing a vortical movement of the waste material toward one of the end walls and provision is made for igniting the waste material during its vortical movement.
  • the waste-ignition means is located in a region where it is in the direct path of air entering the chamber thereby enabling the air to reduce the temperature of the adjacent wall and thus avoid slagging conditions while sweeping the wall surface clear of any residual material. Moreover, greater uniformity of temperature throughout the chamber is attained.
  • the waste-ignition means preferably is in the region where both the waste material and air are introduced to thereby provide quicker ignition of the waste material which prolongs the burning period for more complete combustion.
  • the waste inlet and ignition means are located in the upper section of the chamber away from the location of any residual matter which may be retained in the lower section of the chamber to prevent slagging and adhering accumulations thereof.
  • the particular proximity of the combination and system of the improved incinerator of this invention overcomes localized overheating or hot spots" and the slagging conditions resulting therefrom especially in the region of the chamber wall of the ignition flame impingement and in the lower section of the chamber wherein residual matter may accumulate. Further, the uninhibited vortical course of travel permitted by the absence of accumulated slag obstacles coupled with the quicker attained and more consistent temperature produced by the invention enhance the overall incinerating operation including extending the duration of the burning period for more complete combustion.
  • FIG. 1 is a top-plan view of the incinerator
  • FIG. 2 is a view in side elevation of the combustion chamber
  • FIG. 3 is a view in section taken along the line 33 of FIG. 2.
  • an incinerator embodying the invention and comprising, in general: a size reduction unit for chopping up the waste material; means for feeding the waste material and primary air into a combustion chamber'for establishing a vortical movement of the waste material, means for igniting the waste material during its vortical movement, means for adding secondary air to the chamber; exhaust means for venting gaseous products of combustion; and discharge means for discharging non-combustible material from the combustion chamber and a separator for separating the gases and solid materials discharged by the discharge means.
  • the incinerator of the present invention is particularly suited for disposing of solid industrial and municipal waste material such as, for example, paper, peanut hulls, cardboard cartons, wood scrap, garbage, foliage, bottles, cans, and combustible floor sweepings.
  • solid industrial and municipal waste material such as, for example, paper, peanut hulls, cardboard cartons, wood scrap, garbage, foliage, bottles, cans, and combustible floor sweepings.
  • the incinerator is also capable of disposing of liquid waste material such as oils, paint sludges, and plating tank residue.
  • the incinerator as shown in FIG. 1 includes a size-reduction unit designed to shred and chop waste material into pieces small enough to be efficiently conveyed and burned in the combustion chamber. If the waste material to be disposed of is already of an acceptable size, such as sawdust, then the sizereduction unit is not required.
  • the size-reduction unit 10 may be of any suitable construction and includes a hopper 12 having an open end 14 into which the waste material is fed for size-reduction by a shredding and chopping mechanism (not shown) operated by a motor (not shown).
  • the waste material is drawn into a pneumatic conveying system including a blower 16 operated by a motor (not shown) which entrains the size-reduced material in a primary air stream and transports it through an inlet conduit 20 which opens into the combustion chamber 22.
  • a blower 16 operated by a motor (not shown) which entrains the size-reduced material in a primary air stream and transports it through an inlet conduit 20 which opens into the combustion chamber 22.
  • the combustion chamber 22 may be of any suitable configuration and is preferably cylindrical including a pair of spaced end walls 24 and 26 connected by an annular side wall 28.
  • the chamber 22 is preferably disposed when in operative position so that its central longitudinal axis which extends between the end walls 24 and 26 is horizontal or substantially horizontal as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the end wall 26 of the chamber 22 may include an access door to permit ac- CCNN to the interior of the chamber 22.
  • the annular side wall 28 of the chamber comprises an outer casing 32 (FIG.,3) formed ofa suitable material such as a low carbon steel and the casing 32 is lined with one or more inner layers 34 and 36 of suitable material such as fire brick.
  • the innermost layer 34 is designed to exhibit good resistance to abrasion whereas the layer 36 may be designed to have good heat insulating properties or to transfer the heat to a remote location.
  • the end walls 24 and 26 of combustion chamber 22 may be similarly formed of an outer layer of low carbon steel with inner layers of fire brick.
  • the inlet conduit 20 enters the combustion chamber 22 tangentially of the annular side wall 28 at a location near the top of the combustion chamber 22 and adjacent the end wall 26.
  • a fluid fueled combustion burner 40 such as one operated with gas or oil, is disposed near the end wall 26 of the combustion chamber 22, directed to fire into the combustion chamber tangentially to its annular side wall.
  • Combustion burner 40 may be of any suitable construction comprising a fuel supply pipe 42 from a source (not shown) and combustion air supply pipe 44 which may be supplied by fan 50 from manifold 52 as shown in FIG. 1.
  • Burner 40 is also composed of a mixing chamber 46 for fuel and air mixing and flame discharge outlet or nozzle 48 to direct the flame.
  • the burner can be turned off upon heating the combustion chamber to an effective ignition and burning temperature whereupon the continuously fed waste material and primary air thereafter sustain combustion.
  • Apt operating temperatures for consuming common municipal waste material in the combustion chamber comprise typically between about I,200 and 2,200 F.
  • a typical operating procedure would be to fire the ignition burner 40 alone for a sufficient period to preheat the combustion chamber to its intended operating temperature of, for example, about 1,600 F., whereupon the feeding of the shredded waste material and primary air under pressure into the combustion chamber is initiated and combustion thereof incited by the high temperature.
  • the combustion may be self-sustaining without the need for added impetus provided by a separate source of fuel or flame, but again depending upon the nature of heat content of the waste fuel and its moisture content.
  • the burner can simply be continuously operated to maintain combustion or reactivated to return the incinerating operation to effective combustion temperatures. In some cases, such as burning sewage sludge, which normally has a relatively high moisture content, it may be feasible or even necessary to continuously fire the ignition burner.
  • the combustion burner can be a commercially available unit, such as a MAXON burner, for example an EB-3, -4, or -5 depending upon the size and capacity desired.
  • a fan or blower 50 as shown in FIG. 1 can be provided to supply secondary air by means of elongated manifold 52 to be introduced at periodic regions along an axissubstantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber.
  • This secondary air can be added substantially tangentially into the chamber through a plurality of substantially equally spaced openings 54 in.the annular side wall 28 through ducts 56 connecting manifold 52 with openings 54.
  • several openings 54 are provided spaced along the entire length of the chamber, for example about four in number as shown in FIG. 1, and can be individually controlled by means not shown.
  • a flue 60 having an open end opening into the combustion chamber in the region of the end wall 24 and substantially concentric with the central longitudinal axis of combustion chamber 22 is provided.
  • the flue 60 comprises a hollow cylinder or flue pipe 62 of any suitable material extending through and suitably mounted in an opening in the end wall 24 of the combustion chamber.
  • Outlet means is provided for discharging noncombustible materials from the combustion chamber 22 during the burning process.
  • the preferred embodiment includes an outlet conduit 66 opening into the combustion chamber 22 at a region downstream from the point of introduction of the waste material in the region adjacent the inner surface of end wall 24 for discharging from the chamber noncombustible material which is entrained in the outer region of the vortex.
  • the outlet conduit 66 comprises a pipe extending through the annular side wall 28 substantially tangentially thereto and substantially horizontally at the bottom of the chamber with its end opening into the combustion chamber.
  • the outlet conduit 66 leads to a suitable separator and disposal means briefly described hereinafter.
  • the opening of outlet conduit 66 is in the path of the non-combustible material which during operation of the incinerator is at the outer regions of the vortex and which has migrated to the region adjacent the end wall 24, and the action of the vortex causes such material to enter the opening of outlet conduit 66 for discharge from the combustion chamber 22.
  • a separator 70 is provided for separating the gases and the solid material discharged through the outlet conduit 66 and for dropping the solid material into a suitable container 72.
  • the separator 70 is preferably a commercially available cyclone or vortex separator wherein material discharge through the outlet conduit 66 is introduced tangentiallyinto the separator 70 with the result that the solid material drops out of the open end of the separator into the container 72.
  • Such solid material constitutes ashes and other particulate matter formed in the combustion process and also other noncombustible material which can be disposed of in any suitable manner.
  • the hot gases separated out of the separator are conveyed away by pipe 74 and introduced into the flue 60, or they may be returned and introduced into the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion burner ignition means 40 is located in particular proximity to the inlet means 20 for feeding waste material and air into the combustion chamber. Specifically, the combustion burner ignition means is directed to tire substantially tangentially to the annular side wall of the combustion chamber within a region in the direct path of air being fed into the combustion chamber, and preferably the mixture of waste material and primary air fed through the inlet conduit in a direction which is also substantially tangentially to the annular side wall of the combustion chamber.
  • the source of air would in most instances be most conveniently provided by the primary air combined with the waste material feed, the air can be suppliedby the said secondary source or any other external means.
  • the relative positions of the tangentially directed combustion burner igniting means and the inlet means conduit for feeding waste material and air to the combustion chamber with respect to each other are immediately adjacent within an arc of the annular combustion chamber side wall of not greater than about 120, and preferably within about from each whereby the cooling effect of the air in enhanced.
  • said combustion burner igniting means flame blast is preferably directed into the path of the waste material and air in an approximately common vertical plane, that is,.in substantially the same'transverse plane of the combustion chambers horizontal central axis to achieve optimum cooling.
  • inlet conduit 20 enters the annular side wall 28 of the combustion chamber 22 and directs its discharge of the waste material and air substantially tangentially to the inner surface of the annular side wall of the combustion chamber to effect a vortical movement of the material along the length of the cylindrical chamber.
  • Combustion burner igniting means 40 is similarly positioned to fire in a direction with the flame blast entering the combustion chamber substantially tangentially to the inner surface of the annular wall 28 and in a region in the direct path of the waste material and air emanating from the inlet feed conduit.
  • the combustion burner igniting means 40 is arranged substantially vertical, firing in a generally downward direction in the same transverse plane of the cylindrical combustion chamber as the inlet conduit, and is also positioned at least within approximately the same quadrant of the annular side wall of the cylindrical combustion chamber as the inlet conduit 20.
  • the locating of the combustion burner igniting means 40 in the upper portion of the combustion chamber and firing in a direction generally downward as shown in the preferred embodiment of FIG. 3 substantially eliminates any slagging or fusing of residual particles retained in the bottom portion of the combustion chamber, a deleterious effect which disrupts the vortical path of flow and combustion efficiency, and ultimately requires interrupting the incinerating operation for cleaning of the chamber.
  • a very efficient incinerator characterized by the exhaust of gases to the atmosphere which are substantially free of particulate matter so as to minimize air and water pollution.
  • the combustible material is discharged from the combustion chamber during the burning process by the action of the vortex so as to avoid the provision of costly and complex material-handling apparatus for conveying such materials away from the combustion chamber.
  • the provision of costly and complex flue gas cleaning apparatus is avoided by the invention which allows operation of the incinerator at temperatures which are higher than that which would be allowable in the event flue gas cleaning apparatus were utilized.
  • the incinerator effects substantially complete combustion of combustible waste material resulting in an extremely high percentage reduction in the original volume of waste material.
  • a typical design of the incinerator of the present invention includes a combustion chamber having an internal length of 8 feet and an inner diameter D of 4% feet.
  • the flue 60 has an inner diameter of 2 feet and extends into the combustion chamber a distance of about 16 inches from the inner surface of the end wall 24.
  • the outlet conduit 66 has an inner diameter of 4 inches.
  • An incinerator of such design presently appears capable of disposing of solid waste having up to a 20% moisture content and normally ash content with a heat value of 5,000 BTUs per pound at a rate of 3,000 pounds per hour to effect close to 98% destruction of combustible material. it presently appears that such an incinerator design emits particulate matter to the atmosphere of not more than 0.2 grains per standard dry cubic foot offlue gas. The foregoing results seem to be obtainable with chamber temperatures between l,200 and 2,200 P.
  • An incinerator for burning waste material comprising in combination:
  • a combustion chamber having spaced end walls and a side wall with its central longitudinal axis extending between said end walls, said chamber being disposed such that its central axis extends substantially horizontally;
  • An incinerator as defined in claim 1, wherein the means for introducing waste material and air comprises a single input means directing said material and air into said chamber, and said means for igniting said waste material is located in said chamber in the path of said material and air immediately adjacent the region of entering thereof.
  • An incinerator as defined in claim 1, wherein the means for igniting said waste material comprises a burner adapted for directing a flame toward the inside wall of said chamber in a region immediately adjacent the entrance of said waste material and air and toward which said waste material and air are also directed.
  • An incinerator for burning waste material comprising in combination:
  • ignition means for directing a flame into said chamber tangentially to said side wall and toward a region directly in the path of waste material and air entering said chamber for quickly igniting said waste material during its vortical movement and avoiding slagging conditions in said region;
  • a discharge flue port having an open end opening in said chamber near said one end wall and substantially concentric with said central axis.
  • An incinerator for burning waste material comprising in combination:
  • inlet means for feeding waste material and air into said combustion chamber directed substantially tangentially to said side wall of the combustion chamber for establishing a vortical movement of said waste material and air toward one of said end walls;
  • means for igniting said waste material during its vortical movement comprising a combustion burner directed to fire substantially tangentially to said side wall of the combustion chamber and into a region in the direct path of the waste material and air entering said chamber;
  • said substantially tangentially directed inlet means for feeding waste material and air and said combustion burner igniting means each being positioned in relation to the other about the annular side wall of the cylindrical combustion chamber within an are not greater than about 120.
  • An incinerator for burning waste material comprising in combination:
  • inlet means for feeding waste material and air into said combustion chamber directed substantially tangentially to said annular side wall of the combustion chamber for establishing a vortical movement of said waste material and air toward one of said end walls;
  • means for igniting said waste material during its vortical movement comprising a combustion burner directed to fire substantially tangentially to said annular side wall of the combustion chamber;
  • said substantially tangentially directed inlet means for feeding waste material and air and said combustion burner igniting means being positioned relative to each other in approximately the same quadrant of the combustion chamber annular side wall, and in substantially the same transverse plane of the combustion chambers substantially horizontal central longitudinal axis.
  • An incinerator for burning waste material comprising in combination:
  • ignition means for directing a flame into said chamber vertically through the chamber top and tangentially to said side wall, toward a region directly in the path of waste material and air entering d. a dischargevflue said chamber for qu ickly igniting said waste mate rial during its vo "movement and avoiding slagging conditionsfip aid region; .and. Q A
  • An incinerator for burning waste material comprising in combination:
  • inlet means for feeding waste material and air into said combustion chamber directed substantially tangentially to said side wall of the combustion chamber for establishing a vortical movement of said waste material and air toward one of said end walls;
  • means for igniting said waste material during its vortical movement comprising a combustion burner in a substantially vertical position to fire in a direction approximately downwardly and substantially tangentially to the annular side wall of the combustion chamber for establishing a vortical movement of said waste material and air toward one of said end walls;
  • said substantially tangentially directed inlet means for feeding waste material and air and said combustion burner igniting means each being positioned in relation to each other about the annular side wall of the cylindrical combustion chamber within an are not greater than about and in substantially the same plane extending transverse of the said longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber.
  • An incinerator for burning waste material comprising in combination:
  • substantially tangentially directed inlet means wall, and in substantially'the same transverse plane for feedmg waste mammal and and sad of the combustion chambers substantially horizonbustion burner igniting means being positioned relative to each other in approximately the same quadrant of the combustion chambers annular side tally central longitudinal axis.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
US00219041A 1972-01-19 1972-01-19 Incinerator Expired - Lifetime US3757707A (en)

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US21904172A 1972-01-19 1972-01-19

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US3757707A true US3757707A (en) 1973-09-11

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US00219041A Expired - Lifetime US3757707A (en) 1972-01-19 1972-01-19 Incinerator

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US (1) US3757707A (de)
JP (1) JPS4882676A (de)
DE (1) DE2301986A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2168414B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1384473A (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3603788A1 (de) * 1986-02-04 1987-08-06 Pwe Planungsgesellschaft Fuer Brennkammer-anordnung
WO1993009381A1 (en) * 1991-10-31 1993-05-13 Vladimir Fedorovich Ustin Method and device for destruction of waste in a rotating furnace
JPH0650519A (ja) * 1992-07-28 1994-02-22 K C Eng Kk 食品産業廃棄物自己燃焼焼却装置用の焼却炉

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2893333A (en) * 1957-10-29 1959-07-07 Brunes Bengt Torsten Method of firing steam generators with evaporated sulphite waste liquor
US3396681A (en) * 1967-12-06 1968-08-13 Dorr Oliver Inc Cyclonic reactor
US3456603A (en) * 1967-10-24 1969-07-22 Arthur R Studler Retort incinerator
US3500775A (en) * 1968-07-25 1970-03-17 Peter J Hubbard Impingement type cyclonic reactor
US3536049A (en) * 1968-07-12 1970-10-27 Jacob Agrest Boiler

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3589315A (en) * 1969-09-11 1971-06-29 Bank Of California Apparatus for igniting and burning air-borne particulate combustible material
US3577940A (en) * 1969-10-27 1971-05-11 Gen Electric Incinerator

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2893333A (en) * 1957-10-29 1959-07-07 Brunes Bengt Torsten Method of firing steam generators with evaporated sulphite waste liquor
US3456603A (en) * 1967-10-24 1969-07-22 Arthur R Studler Retort incinerator
US3396681A (en) * 1967-12-06 1968-08-13 Dorr Oliver Inc Cyclonic reactor
US3536049A (en) * 1968-07-12 1970-10-27 Jacob Agrest Boiler
US3500775A (en) * 1968-07-25 1970-03-17 Peter J Hubbard Impingement type cyclonic reactor

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JPS4882676A (de) 1973-11-05
FR2168414B1 (de) 1976-11-05
GB1384473A (en) 1975-02-19
FR2168414A1 (de) 1973-08-31
DE2301986A1 (de) 1973-08-02

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