US3757343A - Slot antenna array - Google Patents

Slot antenna array Download PDF

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Publication number
US3757343A
US3757343A US00079893A US3757343DA US3757343A US 3757343 A US3757343 A US 3757343A US 00079893 A US00079893 A US 00079893A US 3757343D A US3757343D A US 3757343DA US 3757343 A US3757343 A US 3757343A
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slot
antenna
wavelength
longitudinal dimension
transmission line
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US00079893A
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R Bogner
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Ampex Corp
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Ampex Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
    • H01Q11/04—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna with parts bent, folded, shaped, screened or electrically loaded to obtain desired phase relation of radiation from selected sections of the antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens

Definitions

  • the slot in such an antenna element may vary in length from a fraction of a wavelength to several wavelengths and may generally be formed in a planar conductive sheet or in the wall of a cylinder.
  • the use of such elementary slot antennas in various linear arrays is very often desired because of their simplicity and low cost; and thus, it is generally required that in such antenna designs, the linear row of slots be excited or driven with an electrical signal having equal amplitude and phase to each slot in the row. This has generally been accomplished by merely bringing separate transmission lines to each slot from a conventional power divider distribution system.
  • each slot is typically about one-half wavelength long, and quite narrow with respect to this given wavelength.
  • These slots may be used to radiate in directions normal to both sides of the plate or on merely one side of the plate if the other side is backed by a suitable cavity.
  • Such slots are typically arranged in a colinear manner or, in other words, with their respective longitudinal axes in direct alignment, and are generally spaced about one wavelength apart, center-to-center.
  • the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane is generally omnidirectional.
  • the radiation has the greatest intensity on the slotted side of the cylinder, i.e., along the radiation axis of the slot.
  • the supporting tower or pole in which the slots may be formed, or on which suitable cavities, plates or other slot-defining members may be mounted will generally be made with a substantially larger diameter than 0.5) ⁇ to have the necessary strength and rigidity to mechanically support the antenna and maintain stability in the wind and weather conditions to which it may be subjected.
  • the supporting tower which may be in the form of a pipe or open-work structural members or girders
  • a simple, single vertical array of slots will not ordinarily provide the desired omnidirectional pattern due to shadowing effects of the tower.
  • slot type antennas as compared to other types of driven antenna elements generally leads to the most economical broadcast antenna construction, as indicated above, it has heretofore been the practice to bring a separate transmission line in the form of a coaxial cable from the transmitter power distribution system to each and every elementary slot in the array, each coaxial cable being terminated at its respective slot by electrical connection of the cable conductors across the middle of the longitudinal edges of the slot. Consequently, a relatively large amount of coaxial cable must be used in such antenna structures, at a substantially highcost.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an antenna array in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the antenna array of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a portion of a broadcast antenna employing the general type of antenna array of FIGS. 1 and 2, mounted vertically on a supporting mast;
  • FIG. 4 is a section view taken along line 4-4 in FIG. 3 in the direction of the arrows;
  • FIG. 5 is an elevational view of an antenna array in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is an elevational view of an antenna array in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a portion of a broadcast antenna employing the general type of antenna array of FIG. 5, mounted vertically on a supporting mast.
  • the antenna structures in accordance with the present embodiment of the invention are for transmitting signals of a given operating frequency, typically in the UHF-range, and comprise conductive means for defining a slot, or slot sections, therein having an overall longitudinal dimension approximately equal to an odd number of half-wavelengths at the operating fre quency, and a transverse dimension substantially smaller than a half-wavelength (e.g., less than about 0.1)t) at that frequency.
  • These antenna structures further comprise a transmission line electrically connected across the transverse dimension at a predetermined point along the longitudinal dimension of the slot for exciting the entire slot with the signals from some transmitter source to which the opposite end of the line is connected.
  • means are provided in operative relation to the slot or slot sections for causing all radiation from the antenna to be emitted from regions of the slot, or selected slot sections, of like field polarity without significantly affecting the phase velocity of the signals as they pass from the point of transmission line connection to all other points along the slot, whereby the antenna structure functions as a plural slot array, while being fed from only a single transmission line at the one point of connection.
  • FIG. 1 a somewhat simplified horizontal slot-type antenna array is illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • a planar metal sheet or plate has a single, continuous and narrow slot 12 formed therewithin.
  • the entire length of the slot 12 along its longitudinal axis from end 14 to end 16 may be any odd number of halfwavelengths at the desired operating frequency, and is five half-wavelengths in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
  • L is the length or longitudinal dimension of the slot 12 and N is any integer, L M2) (ZN-1).
  • the width or transverse dimension of the slot 12 is substantially less than a half-wavelength in accordance with conventional practice in respect to slot antenna design.
  • the slot 12 will thus have a plurality of halfwavelength regions 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d and 12e of spatially alternating field polarity in response to the application of an excitation signal at the given operating frequency through a coaxial cable 18 connected across the transverse dimension of the slot 12 at the center or mid-point 20 thereof.
  • the plate 10 defines a radiation direction, as indicated by the arrow 22, normal to the plane of plate 10, and is taken here as being the forward direction.
  • the plate 10 would also define a backward radiation direction 180 from that indicated by arrow 22 but for the addition of means for suppressing this backward radiation as will be described hereinafter.
  • the forward radiation from the front face of plate 10 (as shown in FIG. 1 a sinusoidal standing wave is produced along the slot 12 with a maximum or peak at the feed point 20 of the coaxial cable 18. Since the slot 12 is five half-wavelengths in length, the respective first, third and fifth half-wavelength regions 120, 12c and l2e are of one polarity, while the respective second and fourth half-wavelength regions 12b and 12d are of opposite polarity.
  • Half-wave chokes 24a and 24b are each connected across the front face or forward radiation side of slot 12 over the respective half-wavelength regions 12b and 12d of such opposite polarity to permit the three unchoked regions or slot sections 12a, 12c and l2e to radiate without destructive interference from the respective regions of different polarity.
  • the half-wave chokes 24a and 24b suppress the radiation from regions 12b and 12d, but present an opencircuit impedance at these regions of the slot and thus do not effect any phase shift or delay of the signal as it passes through these regions from the feed point 20 to the ends 14 and 16 of slot 12.
  • the presence of the alternately positioned half-wave chokes 24a and 24b and the presence of the continuous half-wave choke 28 does not disturb the phase velocity of the signals within the slot from the normal free-space phase velocity, and thus they permit the standing wave pattern along the slot to remain sinusoidal in one wavelength cycles. Consequently, the radiation characteristics which are produced simulate those which are produced by an array of slots separately driven by a feed system having an individual transmission line connected to each of the radiating slots.
  • Each of the half-wave forward chokes 24a and 24b are formed from sheet metal and bent into a generally block U-shape having upper and lower opposing surfaces and a closed end normal to the opposing surfaces, as shown.
  • the respective lateral ends, indicated as 30a and 32a, and 30b and 32b, of the chokes 24a and 24b are preferably left open.
  • Each of the forward chokes 24a and 24b have identical structures, and the backward choke 28 has the same structure, except for its continuous length in the direction parallel to the slot 12 which equals the longitudinal dimension thereof.
  • All of the chokes are attached or affixcd to the plate 10 by welding or soldering the leading edges of the respective upper and lower opposing faces of the U-shaped members to the portions of the plate just above and below the slot 12.
  • any suitable metal joining technique may be employed to attach the chokes to the plate.
  • the forward chokes 24a and 24b have a dimension a extending normal to the plate 10 of M2, and a dimension b extending parallel to the plate 10 of A/2.
  • Each of the forward chokes 24a and 24b are respectively offset from the ends 14 and 16 of the slot 12 by a distance 0 equal to M2, and thus the distance between the inner transverse edges 32a and 30b of the respective chokes 24a and 24b is also M2.
  • the backward choke 28 has a dimension d of also )./2 extending from the plane of the slot.
  • the length e, however, of the choke 28 is equal to the length L of the slot which is equal to 5M2 in the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • all of the chokes 24a, 24b and 28 are coplanar, and their common plane is transverse or normal to the plane of the sheet or plate 10, although this is not necessary in the practice of the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown a variation of the slot antenna array of FIGS. 1 and 2 mounted on a pipe or mast 40 to form a vertically oriented multibay broadcast antenna for UHF television transmission and the like.
  • the mast 40 is typically composed of steel or other structurally sound material generally used for this purpose, and has a mounting flange 42 disposed at the lower end.
  • the flange 42 has a number of mounting holes, as shown, through which suitable fastening means may be employed to mount the structure to an appropriate support in the usual manner.
  • the modified form of the slotted antenna array of FIGS. 1 and 2 is indicated generally by the reference character 44 and is mounted securely to the pipe 40 by any suitable means, such as by welding, fasteners, etc.
  • the antenna array 44 comprises three halfwavelength radiating slot sections 46, 48 and 50 which are defined by the open forward edges'of a continuous half-wave choke 52.
  • the choke 52 having a length of 5M2, functions in the general manner previously described in connection with the backward choke 28 in FIGS. 1 and 2, and may be conveniently formed from sheet metal bent into a U-channel with the rear-most edge 54 being closed.
  • Alternate half-wave forward chokes 56a and 56b have a similar configuration and structure to chokes 24a and 24b of FIGS. 1 and 2, and each have their respective open ends welded or otherwise suitably fastened to the opposing open end edges of the continuous choke 52 at positions spaced one-half wavelength from the respective top and bottom ends 58 and 59 thereof.
  • the upper and lower ends 58 and 59 of the continuous choke 52 are preferably closed by respective sheet metal end portions so that these end portions short the extreme ends 60 and 62 of the slot sections 46 and 50.
  • This type of construction avoids the necessity of utilizing a plate like that in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 to define the slot.
  • the planes of the forward and backward chokes form a generally obtuse angle, and the planes of the forward chokes 56a and 56b are normal to the plane defined by the radiating slots 46, 48 and 50 are coplanar with the principal radiation axis of the array.
  • the continuous choke 52 is tangential to the mast pipe 40, and the antenna array formed by the respective chokes is mounted to the pipe 40 by means of a bracket 64 and the choke 52.
  • a coaxial cable 68 serves as a transmission line to deliver the UHF signal from the transmitter to the antenna array 44 for excitation thereof.
  • the cable 68 is terminated at the middle of the longitudinal dimension of the center radiating slot section 48, although it could alternatively be terminated at the corresponding point of radiating sections 46 or 50.
  • Parasitic end-fire directors 70a, 70b and 700 are each mounted on one side of the mast pipe 40 and identical directors 72a, 72b and 720 are symmetrically mounted on the other side of the mast pipe 40 (the latter directors not being visible in FIG. 3). These directors are arranged to provide any particular desired antenna radiation pattern and to compensate for the shadowing effect produced by the mast pipe 40 as disclosed in the aforementioned copending application of the present inventor.
  • These parasitic directors are preferably of the disc-on-rod type employing a plurality of discrete planar conductive members,such as plate or disc elements 74 which are mounted on a common rod or support 78 having its longitudinal axis transverse to the plane of the discrete conductive members.
  • the individual discon-rod end-fire directors act as parasitic elements, and are not conductively connected to the elementary or driven slot antenna elements. They are merely mechanically connected to the mast pipe 40 for support in their respective appropriate positions.
  • the axis of each director is preferably in a plane approximately normal to the longitudinal axis of the mast pipe 40, and a symmet-' rical pair of such directors (e.g., a-72a, 70b-72b, etc.) are associated with each respective radiating slot section 46, 48 and 50, the plane containing the axes of each such pair of directors preferably intersecting the mast within N2 of the perpendicular bisecting plane .through each radiating slot section measured along the axis of the mast.
  • Each radiating slot section in this embodiment is considered a bay, and more than one level of directors may be associated with each bay, the parasitic elements being offset from each other in the azimuth plane, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the endfire parasitic directors are mounted on the mast pipe 40 by mounting brackets like those shown as 80 and 82 which may be fastened to the pipe by any suitable means.
  • the directors extend outward from the mast at about 120 on either side of the driven antenna to produce a generally omnidirectional radiation pattern over the entire 360 azimuth.
  • These directors by suitable placement, fill in the null areas of the pattern around the tower to compensate for the shadow efiect of the tower.
  • the particular angular displacement of the parasitic directors in FIGS. 3 and 4 are merely illustrative of one example, and may be modified to produce various antenna patterns as desired and as described in the aforementioned copending application.
  • planar conductive members 74 of each end-fire director have a major dimension transverse to their axis of between M4 and M2, preferably being about M3. This major dimension is that dimension of the plates or discs which is in the plane of the electric field or E vector, being the horizontal dimension 1: in the embodiment of FIG. 3.
  • the inter-element spacing of the plates or discs of any one of the directors is preferably between )t/8 and M2, and whilethese spacing dimensions are preferred, even closer spacings are permissible. Additionally, in some circumstances it may be desirable to have the major dimensions of the discrete metallic planar members non-uniform, with members farther from the mast pipe larger than the members close to the mast pipe on any one support rod 78.
  • the discrete planar members 74 may be in the form of solid plates, mesh, or rods placed transversely on a support, or, for example, within a non-conductive tube.
  • plates is thus used herein in an electrical or electromagnetic-wave sense and includes mechanical structures that behave in the general manner of solid conductive plates, but which may actually have the mechanical or physical form of mesh, screen, wires, rods, etc. whose overall effect is to form generally planar configurations transverse to the axis of the director.
  • FIG. 5 Another embodiment of a linear horizontal array of slot elements in accordance with principles of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 5 wherein a slot 102 is cut within a conductive plate with a longitudinal dimension or length L of 5M2 as in the embodiment of FIG. 1; however, at each half-wavelength interval f a cross or transverse slot is also cut into the plate 100; These cross or transverse slots, illustrated as 104, have a dimension 3 of M4 extending normal from each edge of the long slot 102, as shown. Thus, the total or overall length of each transverse slot across the long slot 102 is )t/2 plus the transverse dimension or width of the long slot.
  • a coaxial cable 106 is terminated across the middle of the center half-wavelength setion of slot 102 for excitation of the antenna from a transmitter source of signal.
  • each of the half-wavelength sections of the slot 102 may be utilized for radiating energy to provide an array of slot sections only one half-wavelength (or slightly more) apart, rather than one wavelength apart as in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 through 4. Although, some radiation of a destructive type may be produced at the phase shift regions between the slots, this will be insignificant in many applications of this embodiment.
  • the antenna array of FIG. 5 will radiate in the backward direction as well as in the forward direction, having principal radiation axes normal or perpendicular to the opposed faces of the conductive sheet 100 which defines the plane of the radiating slot sections.
  • FIG. 6 A further embodiment of a horizontal slot antenna array in accordance with principles of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 6 wherein a conductive sheet 120 has a slot 122 cut therein.
  • the slot 122 has a longitudinal dimension or length of 9M2, or it may have any other odd number of half-wavelengths.
  • the slot 122 comprises colinear slot sections 124a, 124b, 1240, 124d and 124e of which each has a longitudinal dimension h of a half-wavelength, and the slot 122 further comprises intermediate folded or U-shaped slot sections 126a, 126b, 1260 and 126d interconnecting the ends of the respective adjacent colinear slot sections.
  • Each of the U-shaped slot sections has a longitudinal dimension i also of a halfwavelength.
  • a coaxial cable 128 is terminated across the midpoint or center of the center colinear slot section 124c in the same manner as that shown in connection with the embodiment of FIG. 5.
  • the U-shaped slot sections 126a through 126d are believed to contain the opposite field polarity portions of the standing wave and function for phase reversal so that the same amplitude and phase distribution of the field is provided across each of the colinear slot sections 124a through 124e, which act as separate antenna elements to radiate energy in a constructive fashion.
  • the particular geometry or shape of the intermediate or interconnecting U-shaped slot sections 126a through 126d is believed to provide a mutualy cancelling effect for the opposite polarity phase distributions present along these sections of the slot 122, and thus destructive radiation from these sections is minimized.
  • alternate radiating and mutually cancelling slot sections may be arranged in a generally serpentine fashion, such as where the radiating slot sections are generally diagonally parallel and the interconnecting sections have a generally S-shape for providing the cancelling and phase reversing action described.
  • FIG. 7 shows a portion of a vertically oriented antenna array of slot elements suitable for television broadcast use.
  • An array 160 of slotted elements is mounted on a supporting mast 162 of identical construction to the mast 40 previously described in connection with the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • the antenna element 160 has the identical structure as that described in connection with the embodiment of FIG. 5, except that the sheet is preferably folded toward the mast 162 so that it has a generally V-shape, and the sheet 100 is preferably mounted to the mast 162 by any suitable means with the vertex of the fold pointing away from the mast.
  • a coaxial cable 164 is brought up through the mast as in the embodiment of FIG. 3, but is connected at 166 across the center of the lowest half-wavelength radiating slot section of the antenna assembly.
  • the connection of the coaxial cable to the antenna may alternatively be connected across the center of any of the half wavelength radiating slot sections, but for reasons of economy and ease of repair and maintenance, it is preferable to make the connection at the half-wavelength radiating slot section which is closest to the transmitter and/or most accessible.
  • a pair of parasitic end-fire directors 168a and 168b are symmetrically positioned on the mast 162 and oriented at about from the radiation axis of the driven slot antenna elements to provide an omnidirectional or other desired antenna pattern compensating for the shadowing effects of the mast.
  • the parasitic directors function in a manner like that described in connection with the embodiment of FIG.
  • the discrete conductive plates such as 170 and 172, extend in a continuous vertical fashion to be coextensive with the longitudinal dimension of the driven antenna 160, and thus are coextensive with the combined length of all of the half wavelength radiating slot sections of the antenna.
  • the plates 170 and 172 of the parasitic end-fire parasitic director 168a (as well as the plates associated with the director l68b) are maintained in fixed relation to the mast 162 by means of supporting rods 174 and 176 which are securely mounted by any suitable means to the mast 162.
  • the supporting rods 174 and 176 are normal to the planes of the plates 170 and 172 which are thus maintained in general alignment with the longitudinal axis of the mast 162.
  • the respective dimensions of these plates in the plane of the electric field vector of the transmitted signal is preferably between )t/8 and M4, and in the embodiment of FIG. 7 this dimension is indicated as y.
  • antenna arrays comprising a plurality of slot sections which are driven or excited by merely a single transmission line, and thus provide substantial reductions in cost, greater reliability, fewer required parts and connectors, greater power handling capability, easier impedance matching, and less chance for lightening or other damage to disturb the distribution of power for lightening to cause power failure, as compared to prior antenna arrays having a plurality of slot elements which are all necessarily driven by separate transmission lines connected to each of the slots.
  • An antenna for signals of a given frequency comprising conductive means defining a slot therein having a longitudinal dimension, a transmission line electrically connected to said slot at a predetermined point along said longitudinal dimension, and means in operative relation to said slot for causing all radiation relative to said antenna to be associated only with sections of said slot of like field polarity without significantly affecting the phase velocity of the signals as they pass from said predetermined point to all other points along said slot, said means comprising additional slots defined by said conductive means, eachadditional slot having a longitudinal dimension normal to said first mentioned slot.
  • each of said additional slots with said first mentioned slot defining four comer portions in said conductive means at each respective intersection, and discrete conductors coupling together the respective diagonally opposite pairs of comer portions at each of said intersections so that a field distribution is established along said first mentioned slot having the same field polarity over each successive half-wavelength section thereof, and whereby said antenna functions as a plural slot array in operation with only a single transmission line.
  • An antenna assembly for transmitting signals of a given frequency, comprising an elongated electrically conductive supporting structure having a longitudinal axis and a major transverse dimension at least a quarter-wavelength at said given frequency, conductive means defining a continuous slot on said supporting structure, said slot having a longitudinal dimension par allel to the longitudinal axis of said supporting structure, a transmission line electrically connected to said slot at a predetermined point along said longitudinal dimension for exciting said slot with said given frequency signals from a source, means in operative relation to said slot for causing all radiation therefrom to be emitted from sections of said slot of like field polarity without significantly affecting the phase velocity of the signals as they pass from said predetermined point to all other points along said slot, said means comprising additional slots defined by said conductive means, each additional slot having a longitudinal dimension normal to said first mentioned slot at half-wavelength intervals therealong and extending a quarter wavelength therefrom on each side thereof, the intersection of each of said additional slots with said first mentioned slot defining four corner portions in said conductive means at
  • said conductive means comprises a metal plate, said plate being folded along the longitudinal dimension of said first mentioned slot toward the supporting structure to define the radiation axis for the radiating slot sections directed away from the supporting structure.
  • An antenna for signals of a given frequency comprising conductive means defining a slot therein having a longitudinal dimension, a transmission line electrically connected to said slot at a predetermined point along said longitudinal dimension, additional slots defined by said conductive means, each additional slot having a longitudinal dimension normal to said first at each of said intersections so that a field distribution is established along said first mentioned slot having the same field polarity over each successive halfwavelength section thereof, whereby said antenna functions as a plural slot array in operation with only a single transmission line.

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US3971032A (en) * 1975-08-25 1976-07-20 Ball Brothers Research Corporation Dual frequency microstrip antenna structure
US5276449A (en) * 1992-09-16 1994-01-04 The Boeing Company Radar retroreflector with polarization control
US6624793B1 (en) * 2002-05-08 2003-09-23 Accton Technology Corporation Dual-band dipole antenna
US20040227685A1 (en) * 2003-05-12 2004-11-18 Mccandless Jay Method and apparatus for forming symmetrical energy patterns in beam forming antennas
US20100238084A1 (en) * 2009-03-17 2010-09-23 Wei-Kung Deng Dual-band Planar Micro-Strip Antenna
CN101847785A (zh) * 2009-03-27 2010-09-29 立积电子股份有限公司 双频平面式微带天线
US20120112976A1 (en) * 2010-11-10 2012-05-10 Nippon Pillar Packing Co., Ltd Antenna
US20140253131A1 (en) * 2013-03-05 2014-09-11 Ce Liu Apparatus and Method for Directional Resistivity Measurement While Drilling Using Slot Antenna
US20140306846A1 (en) * 2013-04-16 2014-10-16 Nippon Pillar Packing Co., Ltd. Microstrip Antenna
US20160072303A1 (en) * 2014-09-05 2016-03-10 Qualcomm Incorporated Metal back cover with combined wireless power transfer and communications

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FR2556510B1 (fr) * 1983-12-13 1986-08-01 Thomson Csf Antenne periodique plane
US8624791B2 (en) 2012-03-22 2014-01-07 Venti Group, LLC Chokes for electrical cables
US20140191920A1 (en) 2013-01-10 2014-07-10 Venti Group, LLC Low passive intermodulation chokes for electrical cables
WO2015057986A1 (en) 2013-10-18 2015-04-23 Venti Group, LLC Electrical connectors with low passive intermodulation
CN111180870B (zh) * 2020-01-06 2021-11-23 武汉虹信科技发展有限责任公司 天线辐射单元、基站天线及天线指标调节方法

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US2655599A (en) * 1953-03-10 1953-10-13 Jr Lewis H Finneburgh All band television antenna
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US2794184A (en) * 1953-07-21 1957-05-28 Rca Corp Multiple resonant slot antenna
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US1874983A (en) * 1930-07-21 1932-08-30 Rca Corp Ultra short wave antenna system
DE902510C (de) * 1941-09-23 1954-01-25 Julius Pintsch K G Anordnung zum Erzeugen bzw. Senden oder/und Empfangen von ultrahochfrequenten elektrischen Schwingungen, insbesondere des Dezimeter- oder Zentimeterwellenlaengengebietes,vorzugsweise mit Flaechenstrahler
US2632851A (en) * 1944-03-23 1953-03-24 Roland J Lees Electromagnetic radiating or receiving apparatus
US2665382A (en) * 1947-10-16 1954-01-05 Smith Three slot cylindrical antenna
US2655599A (en) * 1953-03-10 1953-10-13 Jr Lewis H Finneburgh All band television antenna
US2794184A (en) * 1953-07-21 1957-05-28 Rca Corp Multiple resonant slot antenna
US2807019A (en) * 1956-03-02 1957-09-17 Rca Corp Omni-directional long slot antenna

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3971032A (en) * 1975-08-25 1976-07-20 Ball Brothers Research Corporation Dual frequency microstrip antenna structure
US5276449A (en) * 1992-09-16 1994-01-04 The Boeing Company Radar retroreflector with polarization control
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2110353A1 (enExample) 1972-06-02
FR2110353B1 (enExample) 1974-09-27
GB1311620A (en) 1973-03-28
ZA716112B (en) 1972-05-31
DE2150792A1 (de) 1972-04-20

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