US3756787A - Sistant objects manufactured from this hard metal method for preparing hard metal based on titanium carbide and wear re - Google Patents

Sistant objects manufactured from this hard metal method for preparing hard metal based on titanium carbide and wear re Download PDF

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Publication number
US3756787A
US3756787A US00198820A US3756787DA US3756787A US 3756787 A US3756787 A US 3756787A US 00198820 A US00198820 A US 00198820A US 3756787D A US3756787D A US 3756787DA US 3756787 A US3756787 A US 3756787A
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United States
Prior art keywords
hard metal
titanium carbide
wear
tini
titanium
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00198820A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kuppevelt G Van
Lange R De
J Zijderveld
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Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
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Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/10—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on titanium carbide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/067—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds comprising a particular metallic binder

Definitions

  • ROBERT G DE LANGE JACOBUS A. ZIJ'DERVELD BY GERARDUS A. VAN KUPPEVE yzwwi, Li 2214,
  • the invention relates to a method for preparing a hard metal based on titanium carbide, wherein a mixture of titanium carbide powder and at least four percent by weight of titanium nickel powder is ground and the ground blend of TiC and TiNi is sintered for at least three minutes under vacuum or an inert gaseous atmosphere and under a mechanical pressure of at least 150 kg./cm. at a temperature that lies above 1315 C., the melting-point of TiNi.
  • the invention relates to a method for preparing a hard metal based on titanium carbide and to wear-resistant objects manufactured from this hard metal such as tools, cutting tools, punches, drawing dies, dies, warheads and similar objects.
  • a mixture of titanium carbide powder and at least four percent by weight of titanium nickel are ground and the ground mixture of TiC and TiNi is sintered for at least three minutes under vacuum higher than 0.1 mm. Hg at a temperature of at least 1315 C., the melting point of TiNi, under a mechanical pressure of at least 150 kg./cm.
  • a percentage of from 4 to 30 of TiNi is applied with 54 to 61.9 percent by weight of nickel and preferably 520% of TiNi and a sinter temperature of 1315 C. to 1430 C. is taken, preferably between 1375" C. and 1400 C., for a period of time of 3 to 40 minutes, preferably -30 minutes.
  • the amounts of TiNi have been chosen such that in the object made the bonding agent will mainly consist of the ductile compound T iNi and that the formation of intermetallic compounds of the type of Ti Ni on the one hand and of TiNi on the other hand will be avoided as much as possible.
  • the mixture of the powders of titanium carbide and titanium nickel is preferably obtained by grinding for l to 100 hours in a ball mill a titanium carbide powder with a grain size of less than 20 microns together with a nickel titanium powder with a grain size of less than 50, under protection of an organic liquid such as pentane, into a homogeneous mixture.
  • the grain size of the sintered object then is below 10 microns.
  • Low-boiling liquids are applied because after grinding these evaporate from the mixture automatically or at somewhat increased temperature.
  • Low-boiling hydrocarbons e.g. pentane and hexane but also chlorinated hydrocarbons such as trichlo roethylene or acetone are satisfactory. Pentane was found to be very suitable.
  • the ground powder as such can be compressed and sintered according to the invention without intermediate shaping and consequently the use of bonding agents is superfluous.
  • the titanium carbide As base material the titanium carbide is applied, which is easier to obtain than tungsten carbide and after sintering possesses a greater hardness, resistance against crater wear and oxidation resistance.
  • the grain size of the titanium carbide that is started from lies between 3 and 20 microns.
  • the intermetallic compound TiNi As a bonding agent the intermetallic compound TiNi is applied, which combines a high strength with a great ductility and corrosion resistance.
  • the grain size of the titanium nickel lies between 4 and 50 microns and the intermetallic compound TiNi contains between 54 and 61.9 percent by weight of nickel at a temperature lower than the melting point of 1315 C. In order to guarantee a sufficient hardness of the hard metal not more than 30 percent by weight of TiNi is applied, whereas a minimum of approximately four percent by weight is necessary to ensure a sufiicient bonding between the titanium carbide grains after sintering.
  • the mixture of the two powders is ground in a hardmetal ball mill under protection of an organic liquid such as pentane, hexane, acetone, trichloroethylene but preferably pentane, into a grain size of preferably less than 1 micron. If coarse grains are started from, the grinding period increases, possibly more than hours, but with finely granulated grains the grinding period can be reduced to less than 10 hours. In the event of a quantity of more than 10% TiNi grinding must be longer continued due to the ductility of the bonding agent and must be effected for at least 24 hours. In the event of higher percentages of bonding agent after sintering the compressive strength of the object obtained drops in respect of that at lower percentages of bonding agent. Upon grinding a thorough blending of base material and bonding agent is effected, the hard titanium carbide grains being enveloped as it were by TiNi.
  • an organic liquid such as pentane, hexane, acetone, trichloroethylene but preferably
  • the ground powder blend is dried by contact with air and the organic liquid evaporates. Then the blend is trans ferred to a die preferably of graphite of the dimensions desired. In this die the blend is compressed, while the whole is brought under a vacuum higher than 0.1 mm. Hg and the temperature is raised to above 1315 C. Upon exceeding the melting point of TiNi a liquidus solidus system is created, the solid titanium carbides being taken up into the titanium nickel and sintering of liquid being elfected with a considerable densification. The pressure is raised to at least kg./cm. and when graphite dies are used up to maximum 250 kg./cm.
  • the external pressure must be great as compared with the surface tension between the titanium nickel and the titanium carbide, in order to obtain an adequate wetting.
  • the amount of TiNi must not be too large, preferably under 20%, because otherwise forcing out of the liquid titanium nickel occurs and contamination with the die material may occur. The densification lowers with time, so that a sintering time longer than 40 minutes is superfluous.
  • sintering is not continued beyond 30 minutes at a temperature that lies under 1400 C. and above 1375" C.
  • the sintering time must not lie below 3 minutes, however, because otherwise no suflicient densification is effected, and furthermore, a lower limit of 150 kg. /cm. is necessary. Therefore, sintering is preferably effected at a temperature of 1380 C. 'and a pressure of 200 kg./cm. longer than 10 minutes.
  • An example of the method according to the invention is the following:
  • a mixture of '95 percent by weight of TiC powder (grain size 4 to 6 microns, supplier Starck B.R.D.) and 5 percent by weight of powder of the intermetallic compound TiNi (grain size 5 to 30 microns, supplier Alfa Inorganics USA.) is ground for 24 hours in a hard-metal ball mill (make Fritsch Pulverisette type 601) under protection of pentane. After grinding the pentane is removed from the mixture by evaporation at room temperature.
  • the powder blend is transferred to a graphite die of the dimensions desired, for example 14 x 14 mm. square.
  • Densification of the powder is effected by pressure sintering in a sintering press (make Degussa type VSpgr 5/10) under the following conditions: minutes heating up time up to a sintering temperature of 13 80 C., a sintering time of minutes under a compressive force of 200 kg./cm. and a vacuum higher than 0.1 mm. Hg.
  • a throw-away tip according to the invention displayed only a slight crater wear.
  • the PlO-SI tip displayed a substantial crater after 48 seconds already, whereupon chipping off of the cutting edge would have occurred and the tool would have to be written off.
  • a VR65P01 tip displayed a clear wear spot after 3 minutes and after 8 minutes the cutting edge had a serious wear slit, while due to the serious wear the depth of cut had already decreased until 2 mm.
  • tips of D-12-U-304-LT2 of Sintronic were compared with those according to the invention. All tips measured 12.7 x 12.7 x 4.8 mm. and had been arranged under a true rake angle of 6 degrees, a relief angle of 5 degrees, a back rake angle of 0 degrees, a side cutting-edge angle of 20 degrees and a nose radius of 0.4 mm., while the nose radius and the relief faces had been re-ground. Of each make three tips were tested with a cutting speed of 300 m./min., a feed of 0.16 mm./rev.
  • Tips S1, S2 and S3 were of Sintronic and tips T1, T2 and T3 had been prepared according to the invention.
  • the grain size of the sintered carbide amounts to 18 microns.
  • the object thus obtained has a high hardness (1850 V.P.H.), a reasonably high bending strength (80 kgf./ mm?), a compressive strength (268 kg/mm?) and a particularly good machinability.
  • the properties are considerably better than those of the hard metal types based on TiC and known in the art which is seen from the following experiments.
  • the machining conditions were: a circumferential speed of 320 mtr./ min., a feed of 0.07 mm./rev. and a depth of cut of 0.25 mm. on an unalloyed heat-milled constructional steel with a strength of -70 kg./mm.
  • the throw-away tips according to the invention were found to be utilizable for From the table and from the graph it appears that on an average the various values of the wear of the relief face for the tips according to the invention are 30% lower than those of the other tips.
  • the wear of the tips according to the invention hardly increases and only between 6500 and 8000 meters it becomes equal to the wear that has been reached already after 3000 meters for the tips known in the art. In particular after 2000 meters for the tips known in the art a considerable rise occurs. This means that on maintaining a certain precision of the work piece the life of the tips according to the invention is more than twice that of the tips known in the art.
  • the hard metal prepared according to the invention is not only suitable for machining tools, but also for punches, dies and drawing dies. Moreover, it can be used for warheads that must have a great hardness and penetrating power as compared with panzer material.
  • a method for preparing a hard metal based on titanium carbide wherein a mixture of titanium carbide powder and at least four percent by weight of titanium nickel powder containing from 54% to 61.9% of nickel is ground and the ground blend of TiC and TiNi is sintered for at least three minutes under vacuum or an inert gaseous atmosphere and under a mechanical pressure of at least 150 kg./cm. at a temperature that lies above 1315 C., the melting-point of TiNi.
  • an organic liquid such as pentane, hexane, acetone, trichloroethylene and the like for at least 10 hours and possibly 100 hours into a homogeneous blend.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
US00198820A 1970-11-20 1971-11-15 Sistant objects manufactured from this hard metal method for preparing hard metal based on titanium carbide and wear re Expired - Lifetime US3756787A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7016999A NL7016999A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-11-20 1970-11-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3756787A true US3756787A (en) 1973-09-04

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US (1) US3756787A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT309836B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE775554A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA933395A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH571576A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2157666A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2114858A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1324210A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7016999A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE379790B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3918138A (en) * 1973-06-20 1975-11-11 Kennametal Inc Metallurgical composition embodying hard metal carbides, and method of making
US4030427A (en) * 1974-10-30 1977-06-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Armor plate
US4092156A (en) * 1976-11-23 1978-05-30 Yoshinobu Kobayashi Process for preparing titanium carbide base powder for cemented carbide alloys
US4963183A (en) * 1989-03-03 1990-10-16 Gte Valenite Corporation Corrosion resistant cemented carbide
US5145506A (en) * 1984-07-05 1992-09-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Method of bonding metal carbides in non-magnetic alloy matrix
WO2002101104A1 (en) * 2001-06-08 2002-12-19 Centro Sviluppo Materiali S.P.A. Process for the production of a titanium alloy based composite material reinforced with titanium carbide, and reinforced composite material obtained thereby

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2164542C2 (ru) * 1999-03-09 2001-03-27 Институт химии твердого тела Уральского Отделения РАН Твердый сплав на основе карбонитрида титана
RU2165473C2 (ru) * 1999-03-11 2001-04-20 Институт физики прочности и материаловедения СО РАН Твердый сплав и способ его получения

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3918138A (en) * 1973-06-20 1975-11-11 Kennametal Inc Metallurgical composition embodying hard metal carbides, and method of making
US4030427A (en) * 1974-10-30 1977-06-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Armor plate
US4092156A (en) * 1976-11-23 1978-05-30 Yoshinobu Kobayashi Process for preparing titanium carbide base powder for cemented carbide alloys
US5145506A (en) * 1984-07-05 1992-09-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Method of bonding metal carbides in non-magnetic alloy matrix
US4963183A (en) * 1989-03-03 1990-10-16 Gte Valenite Corporation Corrosion resistant cemented carbide
WO2002101104A1 (en) * 2001-06-08 2002-12-19 Centro Sviluppo Materiali S.P.A. Process for the production of a titanium alloy based composite material reinforced with titanium carbide, and reinforced composite material obtained thereby
US20050008524A1 (en) * 2001-06-08 2005-01-13 Claudio Testani Process for the production of a titanium alloy based composite material reinforced with titanium carbide, and reinforced composite material obtained thereby

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT309836B (de) 1973-09-10
FR2114858A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-06-30
CA933395A (en) 1973-09-11
DE2157666A1 (de) 1972-05-25
NL7016999A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-05-24
GB1324210A (en) 1973-07-25
BE775554A (nl) 1972-05-19
CH571576A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-01-15
SE379790B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-10-20

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