US3756764A - Oil gasification burner - Google Patents

Oil gasification burner Download PDF

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Publication number
US3756764A
US3756764A US00254779A US3756764DA US3756764A US 3756764 A US3756764 A US 3756764A US 00254779 A US00254779 A US 00254779A US 3756764D A US3756764D A US 3756764DA US 3756764 A US3756764 A US 3756764A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
oil
temperature
air
motor
sense
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00254779A
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English (en)
Inventor
H Reichmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
Original Assignee
Vaillant GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19712124872 external-priority patent/DE2124872C/de
Application filed by Vaillant GmbH filed Critical Vaillant GmbH
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Publication of US3756764A publication Critical patent/US3756764A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2035—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using fluid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/20—Systems for controlling combustion with a time programme acting through electrical means, e.g. using time-delay relays
    • F23N5/206—Systems for controlling combustion with a time programme acting through electrical means, e.g. using time-delay relays using electrical or electromechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/305—Control of valves
    • F24H15/325—Control of valves of by-pass valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F24H15/36—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F24H15/37—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of electric heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
    • F24H15/414—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based
    • F24H15/421—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based using pre-stored data
    • F24H15/429—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based using pre-stored data for selecting operation modes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
    • F23N2221/08—Preheating the air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/08—Measuring temperature
    • F23N2225/14—Ambient temperature around burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/04—Prepurge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/26—Fuel nozzles
    • F23N2235/28—Spray fuel nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/30—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2239/00—Fuels
    • F23N2239/06—Liquid fuels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • a lower limit switch actuates controls to energize the electric heater and simultaneously reduce the amount of air supply by a predetermined increment. This action is repetitious until there is sufficient change thereby caused in the oil/air ratio (due to the decreased air flow) to result in the temperature not dropping below the lower temperature limit. Should the combustion air be excessively heated an upper limit switch actuates controls which shut off the flow of oil and simultaneously increase the amount of air supply by a predetermined increment. When the temperature isreduced to within the normal range, the oil supply turns back .on. Again, this action is repetitious until there is suffcient change thereby caused in the oil/air ratio (due to the increased air flow) to result in the temperature not exceeding the upper temperature limit.
  • This invention relates to an automatic control system for an oil-gasifying burner, in which fuel oil is sprayed into a gasifying chamber, preheated air is blown into said chamber by means of a blower to form oil gas, which is burned on a burner plate closing the gasifying chamber, the incoming air for combustion being heated by the burning gas, which'burner comprises an auxiliary electric heater adapted to be energized by first switch means when a sensor provided in the gasifying chamber indicates that the temperature drops below a lower limit,
  • Such oil-fired water heater burner provided with a blower must be adjusted at the place of installation to have a predetermined fuel-air ratio.
  • This adjustment at the place of installation is required, e.g., in view of variations in the desired heat load and the local chimney draft or in view of the local atmospheric pressure, which depends on the altitude of the place of installation, or in view of an intended or unintended change of the fuel supply rate.
  • the efficiency of combustion be checked from time to time in order to ascertain any adverse efi'ect on the combustion by a soiling of the air flow path or the exhaust gas flow path or by a change of the draft conditions. Because such check can be made only in relatively large intervals of time, changes in the draft conditions may result during long periods of time in an incomplete combustion and in a formation of exhaust gases which do not meet the specified requirements.
  • the corrections affect the air-to-fuel ratio, the formation of soot and the CO content.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that the combustion can be automatically controlled in response to the gasification temperature because the gasification temperature in the burner installation is a measure of the ratio of fuel to air. If the gasification temperature is automatically controlled, e.g., by a control of the air rate, whereas fuel is supplied at a constant rate, the maintenance of a constant gasification temperature will result in the maintenance of an almost constant fuel-air-ratio. If the air supply rate is reduced for any reason whatever, the air supplied at such reduced ratewill be heated to a higher temperature by the exhaust gases during a counterfiow movement with reepect to the exhaust gases, the result being that the gasification temperature is increased. If the air rate is increased, the inflowing air will be heated to a lower temperature and the gasification temperature will be decreased.
  • the invention resides in that an air control valve is connected in series with the air flow of the blower and by a servomotor, adapted to be operated in conjunction with temperature limit switch means, the valve is adjustable to efiect a twoposition control of the gasification chamber temperature by controlling the input oil/air ratio of the burner.
  • each of these energizations results also in an energization of the servomotor for a predetermined time so that the air supply rate is reduced by a predetermined amount.
  • This control sequence is repeated until the sensor no longer detects a temperature drop below the lower limit.
  • second switch means are provided, which energize the servomotor for the opposite sense of rotation to increase the air supply rate when the sensor detects a temperature rise above an upper limit.
  • the first switch means may comprise a thermostat change-over switch controlled by the sensor and which in one switch position energizes a relay for energizing the auxiliary electric heating and also energizing the servomotor by means of a switch which is closed by a timer after a predetermined time, whereas in a second switch position, corresponding to the higher gasification chamber temperature, the change-over switch energizes a self-holding energizing relay for energizing the means for the normal operation of the appliance and for simultaneously triggering the timer.
  • This arrangem entensures that the throttle valve will be readjusted only when, during normal operation after a heating-up period, the temperature drops below the predetermined lower limit whereas such temperature drop will not resultin a readjustment during the heating-up period.
  • the second switch means may comprise a second thermostat change-over switch, which is controlled by the sensor and in a first switch position energizes a solenoid valve, which controls the supply of oil, in a sense to open said valve.
  • a heater 1 communicates with a return conduit 2 of a heating circuit.
  • the cooled heating water coming from radiators 4 of the heating circuit is discharged by a pump 3 to a finned body 5.
  • the body 5 isia heatex- .changer in which the water is reheated by the products of combustion from a burner 6 of the heater. From the body 5 the hot wateris supplied through a forward flow conduit 7 to the radiators 4.
  • the heater 1 is connected to an electric supply system by electrical terminals 50 and 51 (Mp, R) and is The temperature in a gasification chamber 27 of the oil-gasifying burner is sensed by a sensor 18, which controls a lower-limit switch 15, and an upper-limit switch 25.
  • a sensor 18 which controls a lower-limit switch 15, and an upper-limit switch 25.
  • the controller 10 After a prescavenging time, the controller 10, via an output 10" and the upper-limit switch 25, energizes a solenoid-controlled oil valve 26 so that oil is sprayed into the gasification chamber. The oil then is gasified in the hot air to form oil-gas, which emerges through the plate of burner 6. The emerging oil-gas is ignited by the igniting electrode 24. it burns in a combustion chamber 28. Heat from the hot gases is transferred through the heat exchanger 5 to the circulating water,
  • an ionization detector 30 responds and subsequently the contact 9 interrupts the circuit. At the same time a fault lamp 31 is turned on. A-fault may be due to the fact, for example, that the supply of oil is exhausted.
  • the air for combustion delivered by the blower 21 is heated as it flows through concentric annular ducts 32 and 33. As the air is so heated it cools the chamber wall 34 of the combustion chamber 28. The heated air enters the gasification chamber 27 from a conical annular duct 35 partly through openings 36 of the gasification chamber wall 37 and partly through a lower opening 39 in the gasification chamber wall, which is opposite to an oil nozzle 38.
  • the electric heater 17 When the heater is put into operation by the switch 8, the electric heater 17 is energized. The gasification temperature in the gasification chamber 27 will be reached soon. Thereafter the sensor 18 causes the lower-limit switch 15 to assume its switch position 15'.
  • the controller 10 is put into operation and after a prescavenging time a timer 43 is energized. After a predetermined time delay the timer closes its contact. During an initial period, the sensor 18 can energize and deenergize the heater 17 by means of the lower-limit switch 15. The switch of the timer 43 closes after this initial period.
  • the air entering the combustion chamber 27 and the lower-limit switch 15 continually energizes and deenergizes the heater l7.
  • a servomotor 41 is energized via the closed contact of the timer 43, the contact of a timer 44 and a contact of the picked-up relay 45.
  • the servomotor 41 adjusts-a throttle valve 42 in the air supply duct so as to reduce the rate at which air is drawn into the blower.
  • the timer 44 controls the time for which the servomotor 41 is energized. With switch 43 closed, the timer 44 is energized when the lower-limit switch assumes the lower switch position 15.
  • the upper-limit switch 25 responds to open the circuit to the solenoid-controlled oil valve 26 with the result that the valve closes.
  • the movement of switch 25 to its other contact energizes timer 44.
  • the switch of solenoid 45 remains in the illustrated position.
  • Such switching operation causes the servomotor 41 to be energized for the opposite sense of rotation by means of the timer 44 and the upper contact of the relay 45.
  • the throttle valve 42 in the blower 21 is turned in the opening sense so that the combustion air rate is increased by a predetermined amount (determined by the opening of the switch of timer 44).
  • the upper-limit switch 25 shuts off the supply of oil through the solenoidcontrolled oil valve 26 at-the same time, the gasification temperature will drop below its upper limit in any case. With the drop in temperature the switch 25 returns to its lower position to open the solenoidcontrolled oil valve. If the temperature then again rises above the upper limit in spite of the higher air rate, the solenoid-controlled oil valve 26 will be closed yet another time and the air rate will be increased once more by the movement of upper-limit switch 25. This control sequence will be .repeated until the temperature no longer rises above its upper limit.
  • the response time of the upper-limit switch 25 for shutting down the oil supply is within the time delay of the controller 10 so that the latter does not indicate a fault.
  • the controller 10 will indicate a fault, however,
  • said air supply device includes valve means for varying amount of air delivered to said gasifying chamber, and motor means connected to said valve means for adjusting the valve means in an opening sense and in a closing sense, said control means being connected to said motor means for, when said burner is operating, moving said valve means in the closing sense when the temperature drops below said lower limit and for moving said valve means in the opening sense when the temperature exceeds the upper limit.
  • control means includes a sensor means exposed to the temperature in the gasifying chamber, an upper limit switch means connected to said sensor to be actuated thereby, a lower limit switch means connected to said sensor means to be actuated thereby, a timer including a switch and means connecting the switch to the motor means for operating the motor means in one sense or the other for a period of time determined by the setting of the timer, means connecting the lower limit switch means to the timer and to the electric heater for energizing said electric heater and said'motor means when the temperature drops below the lower limit after the burner has been running, and means connecting the upper limit switch means to the timer when the temperature exceeds said upper limit.
  • the means connecting the timer switch and the motor includes a relay having two positions, in one of said positions the motor being connected for operation in one sense and in the other of said positions said motor being connected for operation in the other sense.
  • the means connecting the timer switch and the motor includes a relay having two positions, in one of said positions the motor being connected for operation in one sense and in the other of said positions said motor being connected for operation in the other sense.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
US00254779A 1971-05-19 1972-05-18 Oil gasification burner Expired - Lifetime US3756764A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19712124872 DE2124872C (de) 1971-05-19 Olvergasungsbrenner

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3756764A true US3756764A (en) 1973-09-04

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ID=5808349

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00254779A Expired - Lifetime US3756764A (en) 1971-05-19 1972-05-18 Oil gasification burner

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3756764A (xx)
AT (1) AT312140B (xx)
BE (1) BE782235A (xx)
CH (1) CH538640A (xx)
ES (1) ES401260A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR2138178B1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1369373A (xx)
IT (1) IT955588B (xx)
NL (1) NL155941B (xx)
SE (1) SE371484B (xx)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4012189A (en) * 1974-12-07 1977-03-15 Interliz Anstalt Hot gas generator
US4013396A (en) * 1975-08-25 1977-03-22 Tenney William L Fuel aerosolization apparatus and method
US4089638A (en) * 1976-07-29 1978-05-16 Trucco Horacio A Apparatus for gassification, premixing and combustion of liquid fuels
US4480986A (en) * 1983-09-14 1984-11-06 Sea-Labs, Inc. Liquid fuel vaporizing burner
US4525137A (en) * 1981-04-06 1985-06-25 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Liquid fuel combustion device
US4534727A (en) * 1980-11-13 1985-08-13 Matsushita Electric Industrial Company, Limited Liquid fuel burner having an oxygen sensor located in a flame
US5746783A (en) * 1994-03-30 1998-05-05 Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. Low emissions diesel fuel
US20050158683A1 (en) * 2004-01-15 2005-07-21 Gunter Eberspach Device for producing an air/hydrocarbon mixture
US20080305445A1 (en) * 2007-06-06 2008-12-11 North Carolina State University Process for combustion of high viscosity low heating value liquid fuels
CN112762659A (zh) * 2020-12-21 2021-05-07 南京欧能机械有限公司 一种急冷急热恒温油循环控制机

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104006384B (zh) * 2014-05-22 2019-08-27 李延新 一种数字控制燃油燃烧机及其自检方法
CN111895646B (zh) * 2020-08-12 2022-05-24 湖南晟源节能环保技术服务有限公司 一种节能环保锅炉及其操作方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US21950A (en) * 1858-11-02 Tackle-block
US2397986A (en) * 1942-01-27 1946-04-09 Sanmyer Corp Liquid fuel burner system

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US21950A (en) * 1858-11-02 Tackle-block
US2397986A (en) * 1942-01-27 1946-04-09 Sanmyer Corp Liquid fuel burner system

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4012189A (en) * 1974-12-07 1977-03-15 Interliz Anstalt Hot gas generator
US4013396A (en) * 1975-08-25 1977-03-22 Tenney William L Fuel aerosolization apparatus and method
US4089638A (en) * 1976-07-29 1978-05-16 Trucco Horacio A Apparatus for gassification, premixing and combustion of liquid fuels
US4534727A (en) * 1980-11-13 1985-08-13 Matsushita Electric Industrial Company, Limited Liquid fuel burner having an oxygen sensor located in a flame
US4525137A (en) * 1981-04-06 1985-06-25 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Liquid fuel combustion device
US4480986A (en) * 1983-09-14 1984-11-06 Sea-Labs, Inc. Liquid fuel vaporizing burner
US5746783A (en) * 1994-03-30 1998-05-05 Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. Low emissions diesel fuel
US20050158683A1 (en) * 2004-01-15 2005-07-21 Gunter Eberspach Device for producing an air/hydrocarbon mixture
US20080305445A1 (en) * 2007-06-06 2008-12-11 North Carolina State University Process for combustion of high viscosity low heating value liquid fuels
US8496472B2 (en) * 2007-06-06 2013-07-30 North Carolina State University Process for combustion of high viscosity low heating value liquid fuels
CN112762659A (zh) * 2020-12-21 2021-05-07 南京欧能机械有限公司 一种急冷急热恒温油循环控制机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2124872B2 (de) 1972-09-21
DE2124872A1 (xx) 1972-09-21
BE782235A (fr) 1972-08-16
NL155941B (nl) 1978-02-15
SE371484B (xx) 1974-11-18
NL7203483A (xx) 1972-11-21
IT955588B (it) 1973-09-29
FR2138178B1 (xx) 1973-07-13
AT312140B (de) 1973-12-27
CH538640A (de) 1973-06-30
ES401260A1 (es) 1975-02-16
GB1369373A (en) 1974-10-09
FR2138178A1 (xx) 1972-12-29

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