US3756050A - Method and apparatus for controlling metal strip shape - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for controlling metal strip shape Download PDF

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Publication number
US3756050A
US3756050A US00232115A US3756050DA US3756050A US 3756050 A US3756050 A US 3756050A US 00232115 A US00232115 A US 00232115A US 3756050D A US3756050D A US 3756050DA US 3756050 A US3756050 A US 3756050A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
strip
waviness
tension
output
rolling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00232115A
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English (en)
Inventor
T Kusakabe
M Kubo
K Asano
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toshiba Corp
JFE Engineering Corp
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Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Ltd
Nippon Kokan Ltd
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Application filed by Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Ltd, Nippon Kokan Ltd filed Critical Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B38/00—Methods or devices for measuring, detecting or monitoring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills, e.g. position detection, inspection of the product
    • B21B38/02—Methods or devices for measuring, detecting or monitoring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills, e.g. position detection, inspection of the product for measuring flatness or profile of strips
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/28—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G01B7/287—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring contours or curvatures using a plurality of fixed, simultaneously operating transducers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • B21B2001/228—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length skin pass rolling or temper rolling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A process and apparatus for rolling a metal strip whereby the waviness of the strip in the direction of the strip thickness is detected at a plurality of locations along the width of the strip, while the strip is under tension, during the rolling operation.
  • the roll crown and- /or the rolling load is selectively controlled in response to the detected waviness Ah in accordance with the relation Ah E b F where i and j are variables indicating the position of sensors, m is a parameter relating to tension of the strip, b is the output waviness under no tension and E and F are constants.
  • the shape varia tions b in the resulting output metal strip, under no tension, which are not actually determined until after a very long period of time, such as during the next manufacturing process, are maintained within predetermined tolerances by said preliminary control during the rolling operation.
  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling the shape of a metal strip during rolling, and more particularly for obtaining a strip having good flatness.
  • An object of this invention is to provide a method of detecting the strip shape or flatness in the direction of the width of the strip.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide apparatus for controlling the strip shape or flatness in the direction of the width of the product strip.
  • the vibration or waviness of the strip in the direction of the thickness is detected at a plurality of locations along the width of the strip while the strip is under tension, and then the lateral gauge and shape of strip is controlled accordingly during the rolling operation.
  • the detecting of the vibration of the strip may be accomplished by detecting a magnetic change, an electrostatic change, or the like, in the strip, without actually contacting the strip, and preliminary control is effected to control the flatness of the resulting product strip.
  • vibrations refers to variations of the shape of the strip in the direction of its thickness as the strip is moved past a fixed location. Thus, with respect to the fixed location, any undulations or variations in shape of the moving strip will be denoted as vibrations. The greater the undulations of the strip, the greater will be the magnitude of the vibrations.”
  • FIGS. 1a and 1b show examples of poorly shaped strips, FIG. 1a illustrating edge waviness and FIG. 1b illustrating center buckle;
  • FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the correlation between waviness of the strip in the direction of its thickness when the strip is under tension and the waviness of the strip when the strip is under no tension;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of an apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FIGS. 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d are graphs illustrating the relationship of typical strip shapes and the output vibration amplitude corresponding to said shapes;
  • FIG. 5 shows a circuit for detecting vibrations (i.e., waviness) in the direction of the strip thickness
  • FIG. 6 shows a portion of the apparatus to illustrate how the waviness of the strip under tension is related to waviness of the strip under no tension
  • FIG. 7 is a simplified graph similar to that of FIG. 2.
  • FIGS. la and lb illustrate the typical causes for rejection.
  • FIG. la illustrateswaves formed at the edges of the strip while FIG. lb illustrates center buckle.
  • Such undesired shapes should be avoided by controlling the roll crown and/or the rolling force.
  • the present invention is the result of experiments which determined that the characteristics of wavy edges or center buckle in the resulting strip under tension during rolling are closely correlated with the vibrating waveform in the direction of the strip thickness.
  • FIG. 2 shows the correlation between effective amplitude of waviness or undulations (Ah) during rolling and the waviness of the strip (b) under no tension, which was obtained as a result of many experiments.
  • the value Ah of the low carbon rimmed steel strips which are 0.193 mm thick and 768 mm wide is detected between the final stand of a livestand tandem cold rolling mill and a coiling machine. After rolling of the coil is finished, the coiled strip is removed from the coiling machine and uncoiled under no tension, then the value b being detected.
  • the correlations between the vales Ah and b are different, depending upon the tension applied during the rolling operation, experiments were conducted with respect to three tensions.
  • the amplitude of the vibrating waveform i.e., waviness
  • the roll crown and rolling force are automatically adjusted as a function of the differences of the above-detected values. As a result, good flatness or shape will be easily obtained.
  • the relation between Ah and b is defined by a family of curves, each member of which corresponds to a given portion (or position) of the strip.
  • the value Ah is detected by the sensors and fed to a computing device which then computes the amount of correction required to be applied to the roll crown and/or rolling load in order to reduce Ah to a small enough value so that the waviness (b) of the output strip under no tension will be within the desired limits.
  • the value Ah is detected at various portions of the strip in the direction of its width and the roll crown and/or rolling load is varied in accordance with differences between the detected values of waviness at different respective positions along the width to reduce the shape variations in the resulting output strip.
  • the precise amount of control of the various parameters in order to produce a flat output strip in accordance with the present invention will vary, of course, with the particular characteristics of the rolling mill and the particular characteristics of the material being rolled.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the apparatus to carry out the above-described method in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 which shows in part a cold reducing mill
  • a strip of metal 1 for example, steel
  • Vibration (or waviness) detectors 6A, 6B and 6C which are connected with synchronous rectifier circuits 7A, 7B and 7C, respectively, are located at about the center portion and on each side of the strip 1, and are suitably spaced from strip 1. Changes of thickness or waviness in the direction of the thickness of the stripare detected at various positions along the width of the strip and are converted to electrical signals by means of the detectors 6A-6C.
  • the outputs of the synchronous rectifier circuits 7A, 7B and 7C are fed to circuits 8A, 8B and 8C, respectively, which convert the rectifier circuit outputs into center-line values or into signals representing the effective value of the amplitude of the vibrating waveform. Differences between the magnitude of the amplitude of the vibrating waveform at the above three points are a function of the thickness or waviness of the strip at the three respective positions. A change of thickness in the direction of the width can be easily ascertained with the above-described device.
  • circuits 8A-8C are applied to discriminating circuit 9, the output of which is fed to computing circuit 10.
  • Computing circuit 10 also receives signals A and B from circuits 8A and 88, respectively. Further provided is a computing circuit 11 which receives signals B and C from circuits 8B and 8C, respectively. Discriminator 9 disables computing circuit 10 when A C or when A C.
  • the amplitude of the vibrating waveform at this position will be larger than that of other locations.
  • the vibrating waveform amplitude in the case of center buckle becomes larger at the center than at both sides of the strip.
  • FIGS. 4a-4d show the relationship between vibrating amplitude and strip defect.
  • the letters A, B and C of FIGS. 4a-4d represent the outputs of circuits 8A-8C,
  • FIG. 4a shows that the amplitude of the output signals A, B and C are substantially the same and these absolute values are small in the case of a properly formed strip.
  • FIG. 4b shows the case wherein the roll crown is too small. Accordingly, a wavy edge is formed at each side of the strip, as detected by the large vibration amplitude at the edges.
  • the following steps are automatically implemented:
  • An adjusting device 12 receives the value X and causes the pressure of hydraulic cylinders 13 and 13 to increase in accordance with the value X. This causes the inter-chock pressure 5 and 5' of backup rolls 3 to increase. Consequently, the extending rate of the strip edge portion decreases and the extending rate of the strip at the center portion thereof increases.
  • Such automatic control is continued up to the time when said signal A becomes equivalent to signal B, as determined by the computing circuit 10.
  • a C Y The adjusting device, 14 and 14' for rolling load are caused to operate in response to the above Y value to adjust the screwdowns l5 and 15'. Such control is continued up to the time when signal C is equivalent to signal A, as detected by circuit 11.
  • FIG. 4c shows values of the vibration amplitude in the case wherein the roll crown is too large and center buckling occurs. Accordingly, the controlling steps are effected in reverse of the above-described controlling method.
  • FIG. 4d shows values of the vibration amplitude in the case wherein both rolling loads PA and PC are unbalanced. That is, the extending rate in the direction of the width increases accordingly.
  • the three signals A, B, C have the following relationship:
  • the automatic control system of this invention operates in the following manner:
  • the functioning of computing circuit 10 is inhibited by the discriminating circuit 9 which receives signals A, B and C.
  • the rolling loads PC and PA are made equal by operation of the computing circuit 11 which varies PC and/or PA' to make A C Y 0.
  • the crown control is accomplished by means the same steps as mentioned above by adjustment via computing circuit 10 until A B.
  • FIG. is a view of an embodiment of a vibration sensor which comprises a magnetic core 16 and coil 17 for use as a detector 6A, 6B and 6C in the above-described system. If such a detector 6 is placed below the strip 1 travelling in the direction of arrows l, a change in the gap between the detector 6 and the strip 1, will be brought about by vibration (or by variations of the thickness or shape) of the strip in the direction of the length of the strip. This vibration (or change of gap) is, of course, converted into a change of coil inductance.
  • An alternating current bridge 18, wherein one side of the bridge circuit includes the detecting coil, and which is energized by a power source 19, detects an unbalanced voltage corresponding to the above mentioned vibration. This unbalanced voltage is then fed to rectifiers 7 and dealt with as mentioned above with reference to FIG. 3.
  • a circuit utilizing electro-static capacity a circuit utilizing photo-electronics, or the like, can be employed to detect the vibrations in accordance with the present invention.
  • the output waviness under no tension is a function of the waviness of the strip under tension during rolling
  • the waviness under tension is measured at a number of points in the direction of the width of the strip and the roll stands are adjusted by a feed forward arrangement in order to equalize the waviness at the center and edges of the strip, thereby producing product strips having better flatness.
  • a method for controlling the output shape of a metal strip during a rolling operation comprising the steps of:
  • said detecting step includes simultaneously detecting said waviness at substantially the center portion of said strip and at each side of said strip.
  • Apparatus for controlling the shape of a metal strip during a rolling operation comprising:
  • a plurality of non-contact detectors located at different respective positions along the width of said strip and located at the output of a roll stand of a rolling mill, said detectors detecting the waviness (Ah) of said strip in the direction of the strip thickness during the rolling operation;
  • circuit means coupled to said non-contact detectors for generating signals representing said detected waviness
  • control means responsive to the outputs of said circuit means and to the output of said discriminating circuit for selectively controlling the roll crown and the rolling load in response to the function of b in accordance with the relation Ah E b F, where i and j are variables indicating the positions of the sensors, m is a parameter which is a function of tension, b is the output waviness under no tension and E and F are constants, to thereby reduce the waviness in the resulting output metal strip to within predetermined limits.
  • control means controls the roll crown responsive to the difference between the waviness detected by said center detector and side detector.
  • control means controls said rolling load responsive to the difference between the waviness detected by said side detectors.
  • control means includes first computing means responsive to predetermined waviness variations for controlling said roll crown and second computing means responsive to the other predetermined waviness variations for controlling said rolling load.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
US00232115A 1968-07-03 1972-03-06 Method and apparatus for controlling metal strip shape Expired - Lifetime US3756050A (en)

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JP4610868 1968-07-03

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US (1) US3756050A (de)
BE (1) BE735590A (de)
CA (1) CA941051A (de)
DE (1) DE1933887A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2012254A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1250925A (de)
NL (1) NL165666C (de)
SE (1) SE358822B (de)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3958436A (en) * 1972-06-30 1976-05-25 Frohman Anderson Dynamically controlled forming by drawing machine
US3969668A (en) * 1974-01-15 1976-07-13 Vereinigte Osterreichische Eisen- Und Stahlwerke-Alpine Montan Aktiengesellschaft Method for checking the planarity of a cold-rolled ferromagnetic strip
EP0028275A1 (de) * 1979-11-01 1981-05-13 Reycan Research Limited Vorrichtung zur Formkontrolle von in einem Walzwerk hergestelltem Aluminiumblech
US4400957A (en) * 1980-04-25 1983-08-30 Asea Aktiebolag Strip or sheet mill with improved regulating device and method
US4674310A (en) * 1986-01-14 1987-06-23 Wean United Rolling Mills, Inc. Strip tension profile apparatus and associated method
US4771622A (en) * 1986-03-12 1988-09-20 International Rolling Mill Consultants Inc. Strip rolling mill apparatus
US4878368A (en) * 1987-12-04 1989-11-07 General Electric Company Adaptive roll formed system and method
US5365761A (en) * 1990-06-05 1994-11-22 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Method for the production of low-residual-stress rolled strip
US20030061855A1 (en) * 2001-09-28 2003-04-03 Kouhei Ushida Methods and apparatus for manufacturing flanged articles
US6857301B1 (en) * 2002-10-16 2005-02-22 Machine Concepts, Inc. Displacement-type shape sensor for multi-roll leveler
US7185519B2 (en) * 2003-09-15 2007-03-06 The Bradbury Company, Inc. Methods and apparatus for monitoring and conditioning strip material
US20100219964A1 (en) * 2005-08-05 2010-09-02 Hunt Kevin G Method and System for Detecting Faults in Sheet Material
CN101905248A (zh) * 2010-07-27 2010-12-08 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 一种带钢断面形状检测识别方法
US9459086B2 (en) 2014-02-17 2016-10-04 Machine Concepts, Inc. Shape sensor devices, shape error detection systems, and related shape sensing methods
AU2014202035B2 (en) * 2003-09-15 2017-01-12 The Bradbury Company, Inc An apparatus and machine-accessible medium
CN113732069A (zh) * 2021-07-21 2021-12-03 北京弥天科技有限公司 一种冷轧厚度控制系统
US11458518B2 (en) * 2020-01-28 2022-10-04 Primetals Technologies Germany Gmbh Rolling mill with rolling dependent on material properties
US11919060B2 (en) 2021-08-16 2024-03-05 The Bradbury Co., Inc. Methods and apparatus to control roll-forming processes

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2264333C3 (de) * 1973-12-17 1981-11-26 Schloemann-Siemag Ag, 4000 Duesseldorf Regelungsvorrichtung zum Ausregeln der walzkraftbedingten Walzendurchbiegung in einem Walzgerüst
FR2419020A1 (fr) * 1978-03-10 1979-10-05 Tizon Jacques Collier multiservice
DE3509613A1 (de) * 1985-03-16 1986-09-18 Kocks Technik Gmbh & Co, 4010 Hilden Lagerung fuer eine umlaufende welle

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3475935A (en) * 1965-10-29 1969-11-04 Hitachi Ltd Control apparatus and system for strip rolling
US3496744A (en) * 1966-02-05 1970-02-24 Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Method and apparatus for controlling the contours of rolling mill rolls to obtain metal sheet or strip of superior flatness

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3475935A (en) * 1965-10-29 1969-11-04 Hitachi Ltd Control apparatus and system for strip rolling
US3496744A (en) * 1966-02-05 1970-02-24 Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Method and apparatus for controlling the contours of rolling mill rolls to obtain metal sheet or strip of superior flatness

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3958436A (en) * 1972-06-30 1976-05-25 Frohman Anderson Dynamically controlled forming by drawing machine
US3969668A (en) * 1974-01-15 1976-07-13 Vereinigte Osterreichische Eisen- Und Stahlwerke-Alpine Montan Aktiengesellschaft Method for checking the planarity of a cold-rolled ferromagnetic strip
EP0028275A1 (de) * 1979-11-01 1981-05-13 Reycan Research Limited Vorrichtung zur Formkontrolle von in einem Walzwerk hergestelltem Aluminiumblech
US4400957A (en) * 1980-04-25 1983-08-30 Asea Aktiebolag Strip or sheet mill with improved regulating device and method
US4674310A (en) * 1986-01-14 1987-06-23 Wean United Rolling Mills, Inc. Strip tension profile apparatus and associated method
US4771622A (en) * 1986-03-12 1988-09-20 International Rolling Mill Consultants Inc. Strip rolling mill apparatus
US4878368A (en) * 1987-12-04 1989-11-07 General Electric Company Adaptive roll formed system and method
US5365761A (en) * 1990-06-05 1994-11-22 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Method for the production of low-residual-stress rolled strip
US20030061855A1 (en) * 2001-09-28 2003-04-03 Kouhei Ushida Methods and apparatus for manufacturing flanged articles
US6857301B1 (en) * 2002-10-16 2005-02-22 Machine Concepts, Inc. Displacement-type shape sensor for multi-roll leveler
US7185519B2 (en) * 2003-09-15 2007-03-06 The Bradbury Company, Inc. Methods and apparatus for monitoring and conditioning strip material
US8375754B2 (en) 2003-09-15 2013-02-19 The Bradbury Company, Inc. Methods and apparatus for monitoring and conditioning strip material
AU2011200884B2 (en) * 2003-09-15 2014-06-12 The Bradbury Company, Inc. Methods and apparatus for monitoring and conditioning strip material
US8997539B2 (en) 2003-09-15 2015-04-07 The Bradbury Company, Inc. Methods and apparatus for monitoring and conditioning strip material
US9399246B2 (en) 2003-09-15 2016-07-26 The Bradbury Company, Inc. Methods and apparatus for monitoring and conditioning strip material
AU2014202035B2 (en) * 2003-09-15 2017-01-12 The Bradbury Company, Inc An apparatus and machine-accessible medium
US20100219964A1 (en) * 2005-08-05 2010-09-02 Hunt Kevin G Method and System for Detecting Faults in Sheet Material
CN101905248A (zh) * 2010-07-27 2010-12-08 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 一种带钢断面形状检测识别方法
CN101905248B (zh) * 2010-07-27 2015-03-18 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 一种带钢断面形状检测识别方法
US9459086B2 (en) 2014-02-17 2016-10-04 Machine Concepts, Inc. Shape sensor devices, shape error detection systems, and related shape sensing methods
US11458518B2 (en) * 2020-01-28 2022-10-04 Primetals Technologies Germany Gmbh Rolling mill with rolling dependent on material properties
CN113732069A (zh) * 2021-07-21 2021-12-03 北京弥天科技有限公司 一种冷轧厚度控制系统
US11919060B2 (en) 2021-08-16 2024-03-05 The Bradbury Co., Inc. Methods and apparatus to control roll-forming processes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA941051A (en) 1974-01-29
GB1250925A (de) 1971-10-27
NL165666B (nl) 1980-12-15
DE1933887A1 (de) 1970-09-03
BE735590A (de) 1969-12-16
NL6910107A (de) 1970-01-06
SE358822B (de) 1973-08-13
NL165666C (nl) 1981-05-15
FR2012254A1 (de) 1970-03-13

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