US3754674A - Means for providing hermetic seals - Google Patents

Means for providing hermetic seals Download PDF

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Publication number
US3754674A
US3754674A US00018804A US3754674DA US3754674A US 3754674 A US3754674 A US 3754674A US 00018804 A US00018804 A US 00018804A US 3754674D A US3754674D A US 3754674DA US 3754674 A US3754674 A US 3754674A
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gasket
flange means
aluminum
glass
disposed
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US00018804A
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H Wesoloski
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Allis Chalmers Corp
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Allis Chalmers Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J5/00—Details relating to vessels or to leading-in conductors common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J5/20—Seals between parts of vessels
    • H01J5/22—Vacuum-tight joints between parts of vessel
    • H01J5/30—Vacuum-tight joints between parts of vessel using packing-material, e.g. sealing-liquid or elastic insert
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/0033—Vacuum connection techniques applicable to discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/0045—Non-solid connections, e.g. liquid or rubber

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT The outwardly flanged end of a glass tube is hermetically sealed by means of a pure or indium coated aluminum wire gasket which is squeezed at a pressure of about 5,000 pounds per linear inch of wire between the glass flange and a metal closure plate and heated to about 482'F or above. The pressure is applied by C- clamps which grip the closure plate and a split ring collar surrounding the tube. An aluminum cushioning gasket is disposed between the collar and the glass flange to prevent glass fracture. Steel spacer shims surround both gaskets to prevent extrusion of the gaskets under pressure.
  • This invention relates generally to improved means for providing hermetic seals. More particularly, it relates to metal-to-glass seals for evacuated containers.
  • Some high voltage vacuum switches employ a hollow cylindrical container of ceramic or glass in which electrical contacts are housed and the container ends are closed by disk like metal end plates which are hermetically sealed to the container.
  • the seal was permanently made, subsequent separation for inspection and repair was impossible.
  • releasable seals such as O-ring gaskets were used, they deteriorated and introduced contaminants into the vacuumized container.
  • the use of finely ground mating surfaces required extensive, accurate and costly machining processes.
  • various types of'cements and solder have not always proven satisfactory.
  • a resealable hermetic seal between similar and dissimilar materials is provided by means of a pure or indium coated aluminum gasket which is disposed between the two materials and subjected to pressure of about 5,000 pounds per inch length of gasket and heated to about 482F or above. Pressure is applied and maintained by suitable clamping means which can be removed when the seal is to be broken.
  • a tube made of frangible material such as glass having an opening and at least one outwardly flanged end which is hermetically sealed by means of a pure or indium coated aluminum gasket which is squeezed at about 5,000 pounds per linear inch between the glass flange and a metal closure plate and heated to about 482F or above. Pressure is applied and maintained by C-clampswhich grip the closure plate and a split ring collar surrounding the glass tube.
  • An aluminum cushioning gasket is disposed between the collar and the glass flange to prevent glass fracture.
  • Steel spacer shims surround both gaskets to prevent extrusion of the gaskets under pressure.
  • Another object is to provide hermetic seals of the aforesaid character which are useful to join similar materials, such as glass-glass or metal-metal, or to join dissimilar materials such as glass-metal.
  • Another object is to provide hermetic seals of the aforesaid character which are especially well adapted to seal off cavities in which an uncontaminated high vacuum is to be maintained.
  • Another object is to provide hermetic seals of the aforesaid character which are applicable to make a seal between the end of a hollow glass tube and a disk type metallic end plate.
  • Another object is to provide an improved resealable hermetic seal for 'use on vacuum type electric circuit interrupters.
  • FIG. I is a cross sectional view showing one end of a hollow cylindrical glass container with an end plate and sealing means associated therewith prior to formation of a hermetic seal;
  • FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 but showing the components after formation of the hermetic seal
  • FIG. 3 is an end elevational view, reduced in scale, of the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a detailed view taken along line IV-IV of FIG. 3.
  • Container 10 has an opening at least at one end and is provided at that one end with an outwardly extending annular flange 12 which is provided with an upper surface 14 and a lower surface'l6.
  • Flange I2 is shown as continuous but it is to be understood that it could take. the tom of separate projections.
  • a closure member or end plate 18 having surfacesl9 and 21 is disposed adjacent the end of container 10 and is of sufficient size so as to overlie a substantial portion of surface 14 of flange 12.
  • end plate 18 is preferably metallic for electrical and mechanical reasons but it could be made of other material such as glass.
  • end plate 18 is made of stainless steel and its surface l9, at least near the periphery, is machined to a l0 micro-inch surface finish.
  • gasket 20 formed into'a ring by fusing together the ends of a length of wire is disposed between end plate 18 and surface 14 of flange 12 ofcontainer l0..ln ac.- cordance with one aspect of the invention, gasket 20 is pure aluminum which has been chemically cleaned to remove insofar as possible any oxide coating which may have formed thereon. In accordance with another.
  • gasket 20 may be pure aluminum which is provided with a coating of indiumwhich flows under pressure to help fillany imperfections or voids which may exist on the aluminum or on the surfaces 19 or 14.
  • a first spacer shim 22 is also disposed between the surface 19 and 14 around the outer periphery of gasket 20'to prevent inadvertent extrusion of gasket. 20 underpressure.
  • shim 22 is preferably formed" by punching from steel shim stock which is on the order of 0.01 inch to 0.004 inch thick, if gasket 20ison the order of the diameter of No. 20 size wire.
  • means are provided to exert evenly distributed clamping pressure on flange 12 of container 10 and end plate 18 so that gasket 20 is subjected to a pressure of about 5,000 pounds per inch of gasket length.
  • Such means take the form of a plurality of clamps 24, each of which comprise a C-shaped body 26 and an adjustable threaded bolt 28 having a pair of nuts 30 and 32 associated therewith.
  • bolt 28 extends through an unthreaded hole 34 in clamp body 26 and takes up into nut 32 which is understood to be rigidly secured as by welding to body 26.
  • lock nut 30 is loosened and bolt 28 is turned to move it the desired distance and to exert the required pressure. Then, lock nut 30 is moved up tight against nut 32 to prevent inadvertent movement of bolt 28.
  • collar 38 which fits around container adjacent surface 16 of flange 12 thereof.
  • collar 38 is made in two sections 38a and 38b, as FIGS. 3 and 4 show, so that it need not be slipped onto container 10 axially.
  • collar 38 is metallic and its sections 380 and 38b have overslipping and interlocking surfaces 38c and 38d, respectively, which prevent the ends from riding up on one another under compression.
  • a gasket 40 similar to gasket 20, is disposed between collar 38 and surface 16 of flange 12 of container 10 to effect even distribution of pressure on glass surface 16.
  • a shim 42 similar to shim 22 is provided around gasket 40 to prevent extrusion of gasket 40 under pressure.
  • the clamping arrangement should be flexible enough to allow for internally caused expansion and contraction of dissimilar materials.
  • the aforedescribed assembly shown in FIG. 1 is subjected to pressure caused by tightening the clamps 24 until the requisite amount of force (about 5,000 pounds per linear inch of gasket is applied and the components assume the configuration and positions shown in FIG. 2. At this point, however, no cold-welding or true bonded state exists between gasket 20 and metal surface 19 of plate 18 and gasket 20 and glass surface 14 of flange 12 of container 10. However, when the assembly is baked at a emperature of about 482F (250C) or above, the aluminum of gasket 20 adheres to the mating surfaces. The strength of the joint rises with temperature, and when the temperature exceeds 842F (450C), there is an intermetallic alloy formed.-
  • Heat is applied for a length of time sufficient to raise the interior of the aluminum gasket to the specified temperature, i.e., for about 10 minutes for gaskets of the size hereinbefore specified.
  • a joint in accordance with the present invention can withstand a squarely applied separating force of about two tons without separating or breaking.
  • a first aluminum gasket disposed on said flange means and surrounding the opening in said body, said gasket being constructed and arranged to abut the surface of said closure member adjacent to said flange means;
  • removable pressure exerting means operably connected to apply oppositely acting forces to said closure member and to said cushioning collar;

Abstract

The outwardly flanged end of a glass tube is hermetically sealed by means of a pure or indium coated aluminum wire gasket which is squeezed at a pressure of about 5,000 pounds per linear inch of wire between the glass flange and a metal closure plate and heated to about 482*F or above. The pressure is applied by Cclamps which grip the closure plate and a split ring collar surrounding the tube. An aluminum cushioning gasket is disposed between the collar and the glass flange to prevent glass fracture. Steel spacer shims surround both gaskets to prevent extrusion of the gaskets under pressure.

Description

United States Patent 1191 Wesoloski MEANS FOR PROVIDING I'IERMETIC SEALS [75] Inventor: HenryJ.Wesoloski,Milton,Mass.
[73 Assignee: Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company, Milwaukee, Wis.
22 Filed: Mar. 3, 1970 211 Appl. No.: 18,804
Related U.S. Application Data [62] Division of Ser. No. 691,421, Dec. 18, 1967,
abandoned.
[52] US. Cl. 220/2.3 R, 29/472.9, 29/473.1, 215/37 R, 215/88, 220/46 MS, 220/55 D,
[51] Int. Cl. H0lk 1/42 [58] Field of Search 220/2.3, 2.3 A, 2.1, 220/2.1 A, 55 D, 55 F, 67, 46 MS; 29/4729,
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,110,573 9/1914 Von Recklinghausen 220/2.1 R X 2,086,985 7/1937 Mitchell 220/2.3 R 2,134,578 10/1938 Remscheid 220/2.3 R X 2,915,153 12/1959 Hitchcock 220/2.3 R UX 3,006,067 10/1961 Anderson et a1. 29/473.1 X
1451 Aug. 28, 1973 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 144,087 2/1931 Switzerland 220/55 D Primary Examiner-Herbert F. Ross Assistant Examiner-James R. Garrett AnomeyThomas F. Kirby [57] ABSTRACT The outwardly flanged end of a glass tube is hermetically sealed by means of a pure or indium coated aluminum wire gasket which is squeezed at a pressure of about 5,000 pounds per linear inch of wire between the glass flange and a metal closure plate and heated to about 482'F or above. The pressure is applied by C- clamps which grip the closure plate and a split ring collar surrounding the tube. An aluminum cushioning gasket is disposed between the collar and the glass flange to prevent glass fracture. Steel spacer shims surround both gaskets to prevent extrusion of the gaskets under pressure.
3 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures MEANS FOR PROVIDING HERMETIC SEALS This is a division of application Ser. No. 691, 421, filed Dec. 18, 1967, now abandoned.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention relates generally to improved means for providing hermetic seals. More particularly, it relates to metal-to-glass seals for evacuated containers.
Some high voltage vacuum switches employ a hollow cylindrical container of ceramic or glass in which electrical contacts are housed and the container ends are closed by disk like metal end plates which are hermetically sealed to the container. Formerly, for example, if the seal was permanently made, subsequent separation for inspection and repair was impossible. On the other hand, if releasable seals such as O-ring gaskets were used, they deteriorated and introduced contaminants into the vacuumized container. Further, the use of finely ground mating surfaces required extensive, accurate and costly machining processes. Finally, various types of'cements and solder have not always proven satisfactory.
In accordance with the present invention, a resealable hermetic seal between similar and dissimilar materials, such as glass-glass or glass-metal, is provided by means of a pure or indium coated aluminum gasket which is disposed between the two materials and subjected to pressure of about 5,000 pounds per inch length of gasket and heated to about 482F or above. Pressure is applied and maintained by suitable clamping means which can be removed when the seal is to be broken.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, there is provided a tube made of frangible material such as glass having an opening and at least one outwardly flanged end which is hermetically sealed by means of a pure or indium coated aluminum gasket which is squeezed at about 5,000 pounds per linear inch between the glass flange and a metal closure plate and heated to about 482F or above. Pressure is applied and maintained by C-clampswhich grip the closure plate and a split ring collar surrounding the glass tube. An aluminum cushioning gasket is disposed between the collar and the glass flange to prevent glass fracture. Steel spacer shims surround both gaskets to prevent extrusion of the gaskets under pressure.
OBJECTS It is an object of the present invention to provide improved means for providing hennetic seals which can be subsequently unsealed and resealed.
Another object is to provide hermetic seals of the aforesaid character which are useful to join similar materials, such as glass-glass or metal-metal, or to join dissimilar materials such as glass-metal.
Another object is to provide hermetic seals of the aforesaid character which are especially well adapted to seal off cavities in which an uncontaminated high vacuum is to be maintained.
Another object is to provide hermetic seals of the aforesaid character which are applicable to make a seal between the end of a hollow glass tube and a disk type metallic end plate.
Another object is to provide an improved resealable hermetic seal for 'use on vacuum type electric circuit interrupters.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will hereinafter appear.
DRAWINGS The accompanying drawing illustrates a preferred embodiment of the invention, but it is to be understood that the embodiment illustrated susceptible of modifications with respect to details thereof without departing from the cope of the appended claims.
In the drawing:
FIG. I is a cross sectional view showing one end of a hollow cylindrical glass container with an end plate and sealing means associated therewith prior to formation of a hermetic seal;
FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 but showing the components after formation of the hermetic seal;
FIG. 3 is an end elevational view, reduced in scale, of the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2; and
FIG. 4 is a detailed view taken along line IV-IV of FIG. 3.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION tainer or body which, for example, could be part of the housing of a vacuum type electric circuit interrupter. Container 10 has an opening at least at one end and is provided at that one end with an outwardly extending annular flange 12 which is provided with an upper surface 14 and a lower surface'l6. Flange I2 is shown as continuous but it is to be understood that it could take. the tom of separate projections.
A closure member or end plate 18 having surfacesl9 and 21 is disposed adjacent the end of container 10 and is of sufficient size so as to overlie a substantial portion of surface 14 of flange 12. In a practical embodiment of a vacuum circuit interrupter, end plate 18 is preferably metallic for electrical and mechanical reasons but it could be made of other material such as glass. Prefer.- ably, end plate 18 is made of stainless steel and its surface l9, at least near the periphery, is machined to a l0 micro-inch surface finish.
A gasket 20 formed into'a ring by fusing together the ends of a length of wire is disposed between end plate 18 and surface 14 of flange 12 ofcontainer l0..ln ac.- cordance with one aspect of the invention, gasket 20 is pure aluminum which has been chemically cleaned to remove insofar as possible any oxide coating which may have formed thereon. In accordance with another.
aspect of the invention, gasket 20 may be pure aluminum which is provided with a coating of indiumwhich flows under pressure to help fillany imperfections or voids which may exist on the aluminum or on the surfaces 19 or 14.
. A first spacer shim 22 is also disposed between the surface 19 and 14 around the outer periphery of gasket 20'to prevent inadvertent extrusion of gasket. 20 underpressure. In practice, shim 22 is preferably formed" by punching from steel shim stock which is on the order of 0.01 inch to 0.004 inch thick, if gasket 20ison the order of the diameter of No. 20 size wire.
Referring to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, means are provided to exert evenly distributed clamping pressure on flange 12 of container 10 and end plate 18 so that gasket 20 is subjected to a pressure of about 5,000 pounds per inch of gasket length. Such means take the form of a plurality of clamps 24, each of which comprise a C-shaped body 26 and an adjustable threaded bolt 28 having a pair of nuts 30 and 32 associated therewith. As will be understood, bolt 28 extends through an unthreaded hole 34 in clamp body 26 and takes up into nut 32 which is understood to be rigidly secured as by welding to body 26. In practice, lock nut 30 is loosened and bolt 28 is turned to move it the desired distance and to exert the required pressure. Then, lock nut 30 is moved up tight against nut 32 to prevent inadvertent movement of bolt 28.
In practice, it is undesirable that the heads of the bolts 28 bear directly against glass flange 12 of container 10, as this would damage the glass. Accordingly, means are provided for cushioning and take the form of a collar 38 which fits around container adjacent surface 16 of flange 12 thereof. For convenience, collar 38 is made in two sections 38a and 38b, as FIGS. 3 and 4 show, so that it need not be slipped onto container 10 axially. Preferably, collar 38 is metallic and its sections 380 and 38b have overslipping and interlocking surfaces 38c and 38d, respectively, which prevent the ends from riding up on one another under compression.
A gasket 40, similar to gasket 20, is disposed between collar 38 and surface 16 of flange 12 of container 10 to effect even distribution of pressure on glass surface 16. A shim 42, similar to shim 22 is provided around gasket 40 to prevent extrusion of gasket 40 under pressure. The clamping arrangement should be flexible enough to allow for internally caused expansion and contraction of dissimilar materials.
During fabrication, the aforedescribed assembly shown in FIG. 1 is subjected to pressure caused by tightening the clamps 24 until the requisite amount of force (about 5,000 pounds per linear inch of gasket is applied and the components assume the configuration and positions shown in FIG. 2. At this point, however, no cold-welding or true bonded state exists between gasket 20 and metal surface 19 of plate 18 and gasket 20 and glass surface 14 of flange 12 of container 10. However, when the assembly is baked at a emperature of about 482F (250C) or above, the aluminum of gasket 20 adheres to the mating surfaces. The strength of the joint rises with temperature, and when the temperature exceeds 842F (450C), there is an intermetallic alloy formed.-
Heat is applied for a length of time sufficient to raise the interior of the aluminum gasket to the specified temperature, i.e., for about 10 minutes for gaskets of the size hereinbefore specified.
A joint in accordance with the present invention can withstand a squarely applied separating force of about two tons without separating or breaking.
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. In combination;
a tubular frangible body having an opening at one end;
radial outwardly extending flange means on the exterior of said body adjacent the opening at the one end;
a closure member overlying the opening of said body in registering engagement with said flange means;
a first aluminum gasket disposed on said flange means and surrounding the opening in said body, said gasket being constructed and arranged to abut the surface of said closure member adjacent to said flange means;
a cushioning collar surrounding said body and disposed adjacent to the undersurface of said flange means;
a second aluminum gasket disposed between said cushioning collar and said flange means; and,
removable pressure exerting means operably connected to apply oppositely acting forces to said closure member and to said cushioning collar;
whereby both of said aluminum gaskets are compressed into vacuum tight sealing engagement with the surfaces they engage. v
2. The combination according to claim 1 wherein there is also provideda first circular shim disposed between said flange means and said closure member and surrounding said first aluminum gasket; and,
a second circular shim disposed between said cushioning collar and said flange means and surrounding said second aluminum gasket;
whereby said shims operate to limit the extrusion of said gaskets to a predetermined amount.
3. The combination according to claim 1 wherein said cushioning collar is constructed in two sections wih the ends of the sections being formed with mating overslipping and interlocking surfaces.

Claims (3)

1. In combination; a tubular frangible body having an opening at one end; radial outwardly extending flange means on the exterior of said body adjacent the opening at the one end; a closure member overlying the opening of said body in registering engagement with said flange means; a first aluminum gasket disposed on said flange means and surrounding the opening in said body, said gasket being constructed and arranged to abut the surface of said closure member adjacent to said flange means; a cushioning collar surrounding said body and disposed adjacent to the undersurface of said flange means; a second aluminum gasket disposed between said cushioning collar and said flange means; and, removable pressure exerting means operably connected to apply oppositely acting forces to said closure member and to said cushioning collar; whereby both of said aluminum gaskets are compressed into vacuum tight sealing engagement with the surfaces they engage.
2. The combination according to claim 1 wherein there is also provideda first circular shim disposed between said flAnge means and said closure member and surrounding said first aluminum gasket; and, a second circular shim disposed between said cushioning collar and said flange means and surrounding said second aluminum gasket; whereby said shims operate to limit the extrusion of said gaskets to a predetermined amount.
3. The combination according to claim 1 wherein said cushioning collar is constructed in two sections wih the ends of the sections being formed with mating overslipping and interlocking surfaces.
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3946898A (en) * 1974-11-11 1976-03-30 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Strain-limiting fastening apparatus
US3951327A (en) * 1975-01-28 1976-04-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Ceramic to metal seal
US4930676A (en) * 1982-12-23 1990-06-05 Ferranti International Plc Joint between articles of materials of different coefficients of thermal expansion
US4946090A (en) * 1987-08-18 1990-08-07 Ferranti International Signal, Plc Seals between ceramic articles or between ceramic articles and metal articles
US5594301A (en) * 1994-06-30 1997-01-14 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Electron tube including aluminum seal ring
US5736675A (en) * 1995-09-11 1998-04-07 Rockwell International Corporation Apparatus for providing a hermetically sealed environment
US5950860A (en) * 1996-10-08 1999-09-14 Dover Corp. Adjustable length storage tank sumps
US20120267494A1 (en) * 2010-01-05 2012-10-25 Joseph Michael Manahan Enclosure Clamps And Clamp Systems

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1110573A (en) * 1903-11-12 1914-09-15 Cooper Hewitt Electric Co Gas or vapor converter device.
CH144087A (en) * 1930-06-16 1930-12-15 Boller & Co E Flange connection on liquid and gas containers.
US2086985A (en) * 1935-11-21 1937-07-13 Rca Corp Weld-splash shield
US2134578A (en) * 1935-12-14 1938-10-25 Gen Electric Insulating and sealing means for evacuated devices
US2915153A (en) * 1956-02-29 1959-12-01 William J Hitchcock Salt crystal-to-glass seal
US3006067A (en) * 1956-10-31 1961-10-31 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Thermo-compression bonding of metal to semiconductors, and the like
US3137385A (en) * 1960-09-21 1964-06-16 Raytheon Co Titanium ceramic bond using an intermediate layer of nickel
US3270910A (en) * 1963-06-28 1966-09-06 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Joint structure
US3483089A (en) * 1966-05-31 1969-12-09 B D Lab Inc Anaerobe jar closure assembly
US3609470A (en) * 1968-02-19 1971-09-28 Ibm Semiconductor devices with lines and electrodes which contain 2 to 3 percent silicon with the remainder aluminum
US3632008A (en) * 1969-10-15 1972-01-04 Tektronix Inc Indium alloy seal and cathode-ray tube envelope employing such seal

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1110573A (en) * 1903-11-12 1914-09-15 Cooper Hewitt Electric Co Gas or vapor converter device.
CH144087A (en) * 1930-06-16 1930-12-15 Boller & Co E Flange connection on liquid and gas containers.
US2086985A (en) * 1935-11-21 1937-07-13 Rca Corp Weld-splash shield
US2134578A (en) * 1935-12-14 1938-10-25 Gen Electric Insulating and sealing means for evacuated devices
US2915153A (en) * 1956-02-29 1959-12-01 William J Hitchcock Salt crystal-to-glass seal
US3006067A (en) * 1956-10-31 1961-10-31 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Thermo-compression bonding of metal to semiconductors, and the like
US3137385A (en) * 1960-09-21 1964-06-16 Raytheon Co Titanium ceramic bond using an intermediate layer of nickel
US3270910A (en) * 1963-06-28 1966-09-06 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Joint structure
US3483089A (en) * 1966-05-31 1969-12-09 B D Lab Inc Anaerobe jar closure assembly
US3609470A (en) * 1968-02-19 1971-09-28 Ibm Semiconductor devices with lines and electrodes which contain 2 to 3 percent silicon with the remainder aluminum
US3632008A (en) * 1969-10-15 1972-01-04 Tektronix Inc Indium alloy seal and cathode-ray tube envelope employing such seal

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3946898A (en) * 1974-11-11 1976-03-30 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Strain-limiting fastening apparatus
US3951327A (en) * 1975-01-28 1976-04-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Ceramic to metal seal
US4930676A (en) * 1982-12-23 1990-06-05 Ferranti International Plc Joint between articles of materials of different coefficients of thermal expansion
US4946090A (en) * 1987-08-18 1990-08-07 Ferranti International Signal, Plc Seals between ceramic articles or between ceramic articles and metal articles
US5594301A (en) * 1994-06-30 1997-01-14 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Electron tube including aluminum seal ring
US5736675A (en) * 1995-09-11 1998-04-07 Rockwell International Corporation Apparatus for providing a hermetically sealed environment
US5950860A (en) * 1996-10-08 1999-09-14 Dover Corp. Adjustable length storage tank sumps
US20120267494A1 (en) * 2010-01-05 2012-10-25 Joseph Michael Manahan Enclosure Clamps And Clamp Systems
US8602245B2 (en) * 2010-01-05 2013-12-10 Cooper Technologies Company Enclosure clamps and clamp systems
US9221587B2 (en) 2010-01-05 2015-12-29 Cooper Technologies Company Enclosure clamps and clamp systems
US9284101B2 (en) 2010-01-05 2016-03-15 Cooper Technologies Company Enclosure clamps and clamp systems

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