US3753688A - Method of melting metal - Google Patents

Method of melting metal Download PDF

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Publication number
US3753688A
US3753688A US00228248A US3753688DA US3753688A US 3753688 A US3753688 A US 3753688A US 00228248 A US00228248 A US 00228248A US 3753688D A US3753688D A US 3753688DA US 3753688 A US3753688 A US 3753688A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
metal
gas
cupola furnace
furnace
melting
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00228248A
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English (en)
Inventor
L Marienbakh
I Kurbatsky
A Cherny
V Grachev
N Pavlenko
S Fomin
E Sosnovsky
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority claimed from SU1096478A external-priority patent/SU269947A1/ru
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3753688A publication Critical patent/US3753688A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/08—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces heated otherwise than by solid fuel mixed with charge
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Metals are melted in a gas cupola furnace by introducing a hydrocarbon such as natural gas to the high temperature regions of the furnace, preferably after preheating the hydrocarbon.
  • the present invention relates to the field of metallurgy, and more particularly to methods of melting metals.
  • the shaft of this cupola furnace is provided with two shoulders: a lower shoulder for maintaining the column of charge materials and an upper shoulder for preventing the charge from falling into the lower part of the cupola furnace.
  • the melting and superheating of metal are effected in the cupola furnace shaft as a result of the combustion of a gaseous fuel in the lower part thereof.
  • This cupola furnace makes it possible to carry into effect the operations of melting and superheating of metal directly in the shaft, which enables liquid metal to be obtained at a temperature sufficient for casting thin-walled articles.
  • the productive capacity of the gas cupola furnace is thereby higher than that of a coke cupola furnace of the same size, the former being simpler as to its construction and requiring a smaller floor space.
  • the process of melting metal in this cupola furnace does not readily lend itself to adjusting the composition of the furnace gas atmosphere.
  • the furnace atmosphere is of an oxidizing character, since the combustion products contain large amounts of CO and H,O capable of oxidizing metal and its impurities at a high temperature.
  • An object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages.
  • Other objects and advantages of the invention will become more fully apparent from the description given hereinblow.
  • the objects of the invention are achieved by the provision of a method of melting metals in a gas cupola furnace, involving the introduction of a hydrocarbon, for example, natural gas, into the high-temperature region of the cupola furnace.
  • a hydrocarbon for example, natural gas
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of the gas cupola furnace for effecting the method of melting according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the same cupola furnace, taken along line "-1! of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the same cupola furnace, taken along line lIl-Jll of FIG. 2.
  • the shaft of the gas cupola furnace is provided with two shoulders, namely, a lower shoulder 1 (FIG. I) for maintaining the column of charge materials and an upper shoulder 2 for preventing the charge from falling into the lower part of the cupola furnace shaft wherein is the chamber for the superheating of metal.
  • a lower shoulder 1 (FIG. I) for maintaining the column of charge materials
  • an upper shoulder 2 for preventing the charge from falling into the lower part of the cupola furnace shaft wherein is the chamber for the superheating of metal.
  • the bottom of the lower part of the superheating chamber is provided with a basin 3 adapted to contain liquid metal during the melting process and serving for the superheating thereof.
  • a plurality of tunnels 4 for the combustion of gas are uniformly disposed in the shaft lining over the basin throughout the periphery of the shaft. Gas and air can be preheated in special arrangements.
  • annular collector 5 to which natural gas (or some other reducing gas) is furnished by pipe 6, which gas may be preheated for effecting the thermal cracking.
  • a plurality of pipes 7 of small diameter are connected to the annular collector 5, said pipes passing through the lining and energing above the upper row of the burner tunnels 4, on the periphery between the lower end of the upper shoulders, and on the periphery of a semi-annular internal cavity.
  • pipes 8 for supplying air to effect complete combustion of the exit gases.
  • the gas cupola furnace operates in the following manner, carrying into effect the method of melting according to the invention.
  • the gas cupola furnace Before starting of the melt, the gas cupola furnace is preheated for raising the temperature of the superheating chamber to a temperature on the order of l,600C. Then a charge, composed of metal, metal oxides and fluxes, is charged into the furnace shaft. While the metal charge passes between the shoulders into the shaft, hot gases melt the metal charge, which flows dropwise and falls from the shoulder 1 into the basin, filling it thereby with molten metal. Slag also collects in the basin, but it is continuously drained into a forehearth from the metal surface. In such a manner, the surface of metal is permanently kept clean of slag, which thus does not interfere with the superheating of the metal.
  • the coefficient air excess factor here is maintained within a range of from 0.6 to 0.7.
  • a still greater volume of natural gas is supplied into the melting zone, said gas being subjected to thermal cracking when passing along the pipes 7 provided in the hot lining of the cupola furnace.
  • the air excess factor in the melting zone is maintained approximately within a range of 0.4 to 0.5.
  • the gaseous phase contains soot carbon and free carbon, which are capable of reducing metal from its oxides. When passing through the melting zone and shaft, the reducing gases and soot carbon cause the reduction of metal from its oxides; saturation of the metal with carbon is also possible thereby.
  • the reducing gases and soot carbon which have not reacted with metal oxides, burn completely in the upper part of the shaft where the air excess factor is increased approximately to 1.1 by supplying secondary air into the furnace shaft through pipes 8. Heat evolved thereby is utilized for preheating the charge materials, and may also be employed for preheating air and natural gas to be consumed during the melting.
  • the superheated metal both molten and reduced from the oxides is fed from the basin into the forehearth, whence it is tapped as required.
  • the method of melting metal according to the invention allows the use of cheap materials in the charge, including such that are remelted only in a blast furnace, i.e., oxidized chips and cuttings, and ore, which contributes to an increase in the economical efficiency of the process.
  • excess air factor as employed above is used in the art to characterize the minimum amount of air, determined by calculation, which is required for the complete combustion of a unit of mass or volume of a given fuel.
  • the quantity of air actually required for the combustion of fuel is greater than the theoretical amount, and the air excess factor a is expressed by the ratio a az'l lh wherein A Actual consumption of air A Theoretical minimum amount of air required. This term is found in numerous publications containing information on the combustion of fuel.
  • a method for use with a gas cupola furnace having a refractory lining defining a generally vertical shaft in which a melting zone is superposed over a super-heated chamber and in which vertically spaced horizontally staggered shoulders are interposed between the said zone and chamber while allowing communication therebetween, said furnace further including a basin beneath said chamber for collecting molten metal; said method comprising charging a metal into said melting zone and heating the furnace to melt said metal so that the latter flows between said shoulders and falls dropwise into said basin wherein the molten metal is collected, directing flames against the molten metal in said basin thereby creating over the molten metal a layer of hot gases, introducing part of a hydrocarbon reducing gas into said superheating chamber above said flames and passing the remainder of the reducing gas through the refractory lining into the melting zone whereby said remainder is subjected to thermal cracking on the way to said melting zone and whereby the composition of said layer is controlled.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
US00228248A 1966-08-06 1972-02-22 Method of melting metal Expired - Lifetime US3753688A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SU1096478A SU269947A1 (ru) 1966-08-06 Способ плавки металла в газовой вагранке

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3753688A true US3753688A (en) 1973-08-21

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ID=20439604

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00228248A Expired - Lifetime US3753688A (en) 1966-08-06 1972-02-22 Method of melting metal

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3753688A (xx)
BE (1) BE702319A (xx)
DE (1) DE1583279B1 (xx)
FR (1) FR1561093A (xx)
GB (1) GB1206976A (xx)
NL (1) NL6710812A (xx)
SE (1) SE339534B (xx)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3960547A (en) * 1972-12-18 1976-06-01 Youngstown Sheet And Tube Company Steelmaking process
US4203760A (en) * 1977-03-10 1980-05-20 Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Method for producing steel from sponge metal by using a gas plasma
US4556418A (en) * 1984-10-03 1985-12-03 Thermal Systems Engineering, Inc. Process for melting a ferrous burden
US4896810A (en) * 1987-12-14 1990-01-30 Deutsche Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Apparatus for melting scrap
US6056914A (en) * 1998-03-11 2000-05-02 Van Dril; William A. Apparatus for charging a shaft-type cupola furnace
US20110294082A1 (en) * 2006-02-26 2011-12-01 Igor Mikhaylovich Distergeft Metal heat treating methods and devices

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3916503C1 (xx) * 1989-05-20 1990-12-13 La Bonvarite S.A.R.L., Comines, Fr
FR3083199A1 (fr) 2018-06-27 2020-01-03 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif deflecteur pour roue de vehicule automobile
FR3088294B1 (fr) 2018-11-14 2022-07-08 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif deflecteur pour roue de vehicule automobile et vehicule comprenant un tel dispositif
FR3089194A1 (fr) 2018-12-03 2020-06-05 VALEO SYSTEMES THERMIQUES - Service propriété Industrielle Dispositif déflecteur pour roue de véhicule automobile
FR3089483A1 (fr) 2018-12-07 2020-06-12 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif déflecteur pour roue de véhicule automobile
FR3089482A1 (fr) 2018-12-10 2020-06-12 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif déflecteur pour roue de véhicule automobile
FR3089939A1 (fr) 2018-12-14 2020-06-19 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif déflecteur pour roue de véhicule automobile
FR3089942A1 (fr) 2018-12-17 2020-06-19 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif déflecteur pour roue de véhicule automobile

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US342607A (en) * 1886-05-25 kendill
US1329055A (en) * 1920-01-27 Mektuei
US2799576A (en) * 1953-11-11 1957-07-16 Strikfeldt & Co W Process for operating shaft blast furnaces
US2952553A (en) * 1959-01-12 1960-09-13 Diamond Alkali Co Method for forming a metal casting mold
US2986458A (en) * 1958-09-05 1961-05-30 Strategic Materials Corp Production of iron from ferrous slag materials
GB930329A (en) * 1961-02-17 1963-07-03 Power Gas Ltd Improvements in or relating to apparatus and methods for the discharge of molten slag from shaft furnaces and to methods of operating such furnaces
US3101268A (en) * 1959-06-26 1963-08-20 Inst Francais Du Petrole Continuous process for reducing iron ores
US3338707A (en) * 1963-03-15 1967-08-29 Dalmine Spa Plants for the igneous extraction of metals from their ores and remelting of the metals for foundry purposes or further treatment

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US342607A (en) * 1886-05-25 kendill
US1329055A (en) * 1920-01-27 Mektuei
US2799576A (en) * 1953-11-11 1957-07-16 Strikfeldt & Co W Process for operating shaft blast furnaces
US2986458A (en) * 1958-09-05 1961-05-30 Strategic Materials Corp Production of iron from ferrous slag materials
US2952553A (en) * 1959-01-12 1960-09-13 Diamond Alkali Co Method for forming a metal casting mold
US3101268A (en) * 1959-06-26 1963-08-20 Inst Francais Du Petrole Continuous process for reducing iron ores
GB930329A (en) * 1961-02-17 1963-07-03 Power Gas Ltd Improvements in or relating to apparatus and methods for the discharge of molten slag from shaft furnaces and to methods of operating such furnaces
US3338707A (en) * 1963-03-15 1967-08-29 Dalmine Spa Plants for the igneous extraction of metals from their ores and remelting of the metals for foundry purposes or further treatment

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3960547A (en) * 1972-12-18 1976-06-01 Youngstown Sheet And Tube Company Steelmaking process
US4203760A (en) * 1977-03-10 1980-05-20 Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Method for producing steel from sponge metal by using a gas plasma
US4556418A (en) * 1984-10-03 1985-12-03 Thermal Systems Engineering, Inc. Process for melting a ferrous burden
US4896810A (en) * 1987-12-14 1990-01-30 Deutsche Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Apparatus for melting scrap
US6056914A (en) * 1998-03-11 2000-05-02 Van Dril; William A. Apparatus for charging a shaft-type cupola furnace
US20110294082A1 (en) * 2006-02-26 2011-12-01 Igor Mikhaylovich Distergeft Metal heat treating methods and devices

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1561093A (xx) 1969-03-28
NL6710812A (xx) 1968-02-07
BE702319A (xx) 1968-02-05
DE1583279B1 (de) 1971-01-14
GB1206976A (en) 1970-09-30
SE339534B (xx) 1971-10-11

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