US3752456A - Vertical tubular furnace for high operating pressures - Google Patents

Vertical tubular furnace for high operating pressures Download PDF

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Publication number
US3752456A
US3752456A US00230898A US3752456DA US3752456A US 3752456 A US3752456 A US 3752456A US 00230898 A US00230898 A US 00230898A US 3752456D A US3752456D A US 3752456DA US 3752456 A US3752456 A US 3752456A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
furnace
strip
frame
insulating
mantle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00230898A
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English (en)
Inventor
H Larker
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ABB Norden Holding AB
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ASEA AB
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ASEA AB filed Critical ASEA AB
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Publication of US3752456A publication Critical patent/US3752456A/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/001—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a flexible element, e.g. diaphragm, urged by fluid pressure; Isostatic presses
    • B30B11/002—Isostatic press chambers; Press stands therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J3/04—Pressure vessels, e.g. autoclaves
    • B01J3/048—Multiwall, strip or filament wound vessels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/12—Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/0014—Devices wherein the heating current flows through particular resistances

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A cylindrical elongated electric furnace placed in a Appl' 230,898 pressure chamber for isostatic compression with its longitudinal axis substantially vertical.
  • a heat-insulating [3 Foreign Application Priority Dat mantle is provided for thermal isolation of the hot furnace chamber from the walls of the pressure chamber. Mar. 15, Sweden.. mantle i constructed of h n hee mew a ranged on a tubular frame and is free from insulating material [52] US. Cl. 263/40 R, 13/31, 263/50 of ceramic type
  • the sheet metal forms a plurality of [51] Int.
  • An extremely important element in the furnace is the heat-insulating mantle which thermally isolates the hot furnace chamber from the walls of the surrounding pressure chamber, which chamber takes up the forces generated by the compressed gas enclosed in the furnace and which must therefore be kept cool, possibly by forced cooling.
  • the surface of the insulating mantle facing the furnace chamber will be heated to l,300C, for example, whereas its outwardly facing surface which is close to the wall of the pressure chamber and cooled by this wall is only heated to 50 or 100C.
  • Argon is usually used as pressure medium. At the high pressure used, argon has very high density but at the same time very low viscosity, only 4 times that of air at atmospheric pressure, and it is therefore extremely mobile.
  • the gas Since with respect to its density the gas also has considerable heat capacity it is important that the insulation surrounding the actual furnace chamber be constructed in such a way that the least possible convection is obtained between the furnace chamber itself and the inner walls of the pressure chamber so that the heat losses will not be unreasonably great.
  • the decrease in convection also results in the temperature distribution in the longitudinal direction of the furnace becoming more uniform.
  • the object of the present invention is to achieve an improvement of this previously known type of insulation with the help of which the insulation properties will not deteriorate even after a long time in operation.
  • the insulation should also be relatively simple to make using economic manufacturing methods. This is achieved by means of an insulation constructed of sheet metal forming a plurality of surfaces of revolution (cylindrical or conical) on a tubular frame and having gas-filled spaces between them communicating at least at their bottoms with the space outside the mantle. A purely metallic insulation of the furnace chamber from the walls of the pressure chamber is therefore obtained. Such an insulation is extremely effective, and, since it is free from insulating material of ceramic type, its
  • heat-insulating properties will be stable as an insulation of this type cannot deteriorate because of alterations in volume and cracking.
  • the insulating mantle can be constructed in many different ways. For example it may with advantage consist of a plurality of truncated cones made of metal foil which are slipped onto the tubular frame and attached to the frame at the upper edges of the cones.
  • Another suitable method of effecting an insulation according to the present invention is to wind on metal foil in the form of a strip with an irregular edge'and attach this to the frame along a substantially helical line, for example by welding.
  • the irregular edge of the strip can be achieved by rolling, for example, or by other suitable methods as will be clear from the following description.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a section of a furnace according to the invention, placed in a pressure chamber for isostatic compression.
  • FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of a mantle insulation intended for this furnace.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show a second embodiment of such an insulation and how it is manufactured.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show two different ways of obtaining a metal strip for manufacturing the insulation in accordance with FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 7 shows finally a third embodiment of a mantle insulation according to the invention.
  • the pressure chamber 1 in FIG. 1 consists of a'thickwalled cylindrical steel tube 2, around which a wire mantle 3 of cold-rolled high-strength steel wire has been wound under pre-stressing. During the winding such great radial and tangential compressive stress are achieved in the tube wall that the cylindercan withstand an internal over-pressure of more than 3,000 bars. Argon is used as pressure gas.
  • the wire mantle 3 is water cooled.
  • the ends of the cylinder are sealed at the bottom by a plug 4 and at the top by a threaded lid 5.
  • the bottom plug 4 carries the furnace insert 6 placed in the pressure chamber 1 and is provided with lead-ins, f
  • the furnace 6 has a furnace chamber 7 in which electrical heating elements 8 are arranged.
  • the furnace chamber 7 is provided with heat insulation comprising a surrounding annular insulation mantle 9, a bottom part 10 and a lid 11.
  • the insulation parts 9', l0 and 11 prevent convection from the furnace chamber 7 to the annular gap 20 between the insulation mantle 9 and the walls of the pressure chamber 1.
  • the insulation mantle 9 is constructed of metal foil having a thickness of 0.01 0.1 mm.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of how such insulation can be constructed.
  • FIG. 4 tion according to the invention, the manufacturing of which is illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • This insulation is obtained by a strip 15 which has been given an irregular edge by rolling, for example, being wound on and attached (welded) to the tube 13.
  • the insulation mantle may be dimensioned in .the following way, for example (see the designations in FIG. 4): t 30 mm, r l50 mm, b
  • the irregular edged strip can be obtained by folding the edge of the strip as shown in FIG. 5. Another possibility is shown in FIG. 6.
  • An originally straight strip is here divided by cutting a number of trapezium-shaped parts A, B, C, D, E, and so on, alternate parts ED and so on, for example, being inverted and the parts then joined by means of welding, for example.
  • FIG. 7 shows finally a third embodiment of an insulation mantle according to the present invention.
  • This mantle is wound from metal foil 16 having the same width as the height of the insulation mantle.
  • the various layers are spaced-from each other with the help of narrow metal strips 17, for example 1 mm'in thickness, serving as spacer elements.
  • the stack obtained in this way is held together by rivets l8 distributed around the circumference of the mantle.
  • one or more sheet metal cylinders 19 may be arranged in the mantle.
  • Each metal strip 17 extends through only a part of the thickness of the insulation mantle and the various strips are displaced in relation to each other in the axial direction of the mantle so that no coherent heat-conducting bridges are formed between the two sides of the insulating mantle.
  • the insulation mantle shown in FIG. 7 need not be wound from one or more strips 16 in several layers. Instead it may consist of several coaxial cylinders made of metal foil between which substantially closed annular spaces are formed.
  • austenitic stainless steel heat-resistant material with an Ni base (Inconnel, Hastelloy), molybdenum, tungsten or a combination of two or more of these materials.
  • Cylindrical elongated furnace for treating material at high temperature in a gaseous atmosphere which is under high pressure, the furnace (6) being positioned in a pressure chamber (1) with the longitudinal axis of the furnace directedsubstantially vertically, said furnace (6) containing a furnace chamber (7) provided with heating elements (8), a heat-insulating sheath enclosing the furnace chamber comprising an insulating mantle (9') with an insulating lid (11) and an insulating bottom (10), in which at least the innermost part of the heat-insulating mantle (9) comprises a tubular frame (13) and thin sheet metal on the tubular frame (13) forminga plurality of layers shaped as'surfaces of revolution located radially one outside the other and having gas-filled spaces (14) between them, said spaces extending substantially in the longitudinal direction of the furnace (6) and communicating with the space outside the tubular frame at the lower parts of the spaces (14).
  • the thin sheet metal is a metal foil having athickness of 0.1 mm at the most.
  • the sheet metal is constructed of a plurality of truncated cones (12) made of metal foil which surround the tubular frame l3) and are arranged one above the other with the cone apex pointing upwardly, the upper edges of the cones (12) being attached to the frame (13).
  • the sheet metal is a metal foil in the form of a strip (15) with irregular edges which is wound around the frame (13) and attached to the frame along the upper edge of the strip 15) following a substantially helical line.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
US00230898A 1971-03-15 1972-03-01 Vertical tubular furnace for high operating pressures Expired - Lifetime US3752456A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE03282/71A SE350831B (es) 1971-03-15 1971-03-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3752456A true US3752456A (en) 1973-08-14

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00230898A Expired - Lifetime US3752456A (en) 1971-03-15 1972-03-01 Vertical tubular furnace for high operating pressures

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3752456A (es)
AT (1) AT316489B (es)
DE (1) DE2208137A1 (es)
FR (1) FR2129680A5 (es)
GB (1) GB1374515A (es)
SE (1) SE350831B (es)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3940245A (en) * 1974-12-18 1976-02-24 Autoclave Engineers, Inc. Convection shield for isostatic bonding apparatus
US4103100A (en) * 1976-10-14 1978-07-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Cell adapted for producing high temperatures and high pressures
US4235841A (en) * 1979-02-21 1980-11-25 Autoclave Engineers, Inc. Double chambered high pressure furnace
US4471949A (en) * 1982-04-13 1984-09-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Hot isostatic pressing system
DE3928181A1 (de) * 1988-08-27 1990-06-28 Kobe Steel Ltd Kuehlvorrichtung fuer ein hochtemperatur-, hochdruckgefaess
US6124573A (en) * 1999-12-28 2000-09-26 Hall; David R. Metallized graphite heater for a high-pressure high-temperature reaction vessel
US8074566B1 (en) 2009-01-16 2011-12-13 Us Synthetic Corporation Cell assembly for use in a high-pressure cubic press

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3621996A1 (de) * 1986-07-01 1988-01-14 Pfeiffer Vakuumtechnik Anlage zum waermebehandeln von werkstoffen im vakuum und unter druck

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3317203A (en) * 1963-10-28 1967-05-02 Union Carbide Corp Radiation shield for induction furnace
US3438618A (en) * 1966-09-08 1969-04-15 Alco Standard Corp Vacuum heat treating furnace
US3456935A (en) * 1967-09-20 1969-07-22 Alco Standard Corp Heat treating furnace with shielding packs

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3317203A (en) * 1963-10-28 1967-05-02 Union Carbide Corp Radiation shield for induction furnace
US3438618A (en) * 1966-09-08 1969-04-15 Alco Standard Corp Vacuum heat treating furnace
US3456935A (en) * 1967-09-20 1969-07-22 Alco Standard Corp Heat treating furnace with shielding packs

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3940245A (en) * 1974-12-18 1976-02-24 Autoclave Engineers, Inc. Convection shield for isostatic bonding apparatus
US4103100A (en) * 1976-10-14 1978-07-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Cell adapted for producing high temperatures and high pressures
US4235841A (en) * 1979-02-21 1980-11-25 Autoclave Engineers, Inc. Double chambered high pressure furnace
US4471949A (en) * 1982-04-13 1984-09-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Hot isostatic pressing system
DE3928181A1 (de) * 1988-08-27 1990-06-28 Kobe Steel Ltd Kuehlvorrichtung fuer ein hochtemperatur-, hochdruckgefaess
US4968009A (en) * 1988-08-27 1990-11-06 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Cooling device for a high temperature, high pressure vessel
US6124573A (en) * 1999-12-28 2000-09-26 Hall; David R. Metallized graphite heater for a high-pressure high-temperature reaction vessel
US8074566B1 (en) 2009-01-16 2011-12-13 Us Synthetic Corporation Cell assembly for use in a high-pressure cubic press
US8371212B1 (en) 2009-01-16 2013-02-12 Us Synthetic Corporation Cell assembly for use in a high-pressure cubic press

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT316489B (de) 1974-07-10
DE2208137A1 (de) 1972-09-28
SE350831B (es) 1972-11-06
FR2129680A5 (es) 1972-10-27
GB1374515A (en) 1974-11-20

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