US3749530A - Governor for pneumatic motor - Google Patents

Governor for pneumatic motor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3749530A
US3749530A US00220252A US3749530DA US3749530A US 3749530 A US3749530 A US 3749530A US 00220252 A US00220252 A US 00220252A US 3749530D A US3749530D A US 3749530DA US 3749530 A US3749530 A US 3749530A
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United States
Prior art keywords
motor
governor
washer
speed
combination according
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00220252A
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English (en)
Inventor
G Amador
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Dresser Industries Inc
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Dresser Industries Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C20/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines or engines
    • F01C20/28—Safety arrangements; Monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C20/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines or engines
    • F01C20/08—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines or engines characterised by varying the rotational speed
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0971—Speed responsive valve control
    • Y10T137/1026—Speed change and excess speed valve control
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0971—Speed responsive valve control
    • Y10T137/108—Centrifugal mass type [exclusive of liquid]

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A safety governor operable on failure of the primary governor to arrest operation of the motor with which it is associated.
  • An annular spring-washer that includes weights supported peripherally distributed about its face, is secured to the drive spindle proximately displaced opposite inlet air passages to the motor. In response to centrifugal forces of rotation, the weights bend or deflect the spring-washer in an axial direction increasingly toward the inlet air passages until, at a predetermined overspeed, passage closure is effected interrupting air supply to the motor.
  • the field of art to which the invention pertains includes the art of pneumatic motors and more particu larly to component apparatus for limiting speed of such motors.
  • the primary governors are themselves occasionally subject to malfunction from corrosion, particle interference, or the like causing one or more components to bind or freeze. This has occasioned use of a backup or safety governor employed in conjunction with or independent of the primary governor to provide overriding safety should failure of the latter occur.
  • safety governors in accordance with the prior art achieve their overriding objectives in various structural arrangements. Some operate combined with the primary governor and are known to occasionally become ineffective from the same malfunction affecting the latter. Others operate on the principle of a shearing or similar destruction of one or more components to reduce or eliminate speed by rendering the tool inoperable. Still others act to arrest rotation by a mechanical braking interference applied to the drive shaft in one form or other. Whatever technique is employed, safety governor devices of the prior art are characterized by a general lack of reliability, complexity and/or undesirable destruction of components. This has caused them to be reliably ineffectual for the purposes intended or excessively expensive to fabricate and/or maintain. Despite recognition of these inherent drawbacks, it has not been previously possible to effect their elimination by a safety governor construction that is more simple, reliable and relatively inexpensive to manufacture and maintain as compared to such similar purpose constructions of the prior art.
  • This invention relates to a governor and particularly to a safety governor for preventing overspeed of a pneumatic motor. More specifically, the invention relates to a safety governor operably able to interrupt the air supply to the motor of a pneumatic tool at any predetermined overspeed relative to the operating speed intended to be limited by the primary governor.
  • the safety governor is frictionless in its operation and is operably independent of the primary governor as not to be rendered ineffectual by failure of the latter.
  • the safety governor hereof impose any form of destruction or mechanical braking interference as has been common with such similar purpose devices of the prior art.
  • novelty in the safety governor hereof resides in its simplicity, reliability and a relatively inexpensive manufacture of a frictionless device for interrupting motor operation at any desired predetermined overspeed condition.
  • FIG. 1 is a pictorial representation of a hand-held grinder employing a safety governor in accordance herewith;
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section through the grinder of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged section through the primary and safety governors with the air motor inoperative
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 generally representing normal operating relation of the motor
  • FIG. 5 is a section as viewed substantially along the lines 55 of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a fragmentary view of the safety governor in its shutoff or operative relation.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings in which for purposes of description there is illustrated a hand-held grinder designated 10 exemplifying a type of pneumatic tool with which a safety governor is frequently utilized.
  • Other tools also using such gover nors include sanders, polishers, drills, etc.
  • Grinder I is comprised of a generally cylindrical housing 11 from which radially extends a pair of angularly displaced elongated gripping handles 12 and 13.
  • Gripping handle 13 includes an air inlet 14 normally connected to a hose or the like (not shown) delivering compressed operating air from a remote source to the grinder in a well known manner.
  • Actuating the grinder for operation is by means of a depressable thumb throttle lever 18 whereby operating air is delivered from the inlet to a motor 22 for rotating abrasive cup 19.
  • Throttle lever 18 controls throttle 20 for opening port 21 to air supplied at inlet 14. From port 21, entering air is admitted into a cavity 24 from which it flows to a through passage 25 of housing 11 and then upward through cavity 26. From that point, the air being delivered passes through port 27 in middle cap 28 into chamber 29 formed between the middle cap and a top cap 33.
  • Compressed air in chamber 29 enters an aperture 34 in the middle cap to a chamber 36 at which location flow is regulated by a main governor 35 as will be later described. From chamber 36 flow is delivered through a plurality of angularly displaced ports or passages 37 (see also FIG. 3) formed in a seal plate 38. Passages 37 connect to a chamber 42 surrounding a rear bearing plate 43 which in turn defines a through-port 44 leading to the inlet of air motor 22.
  • the air motor is of a conventional construction comprising the usual cylinder S0, rotor 51, blades 52, spindle 53, rear bearing plate 43 and front bearing plate 54. Secured to the outboard end of spindle S3 is the grinding wheel including abrasive cup 19.
  • primary governor 35 includes a spider 58 threadedly secured to the rear of spindle 53 for conjoint rotation therewith.
  • a pair of weights 59 and 60 pivotally supported by pivot pins 61 on opposite sides of the spider respond to centrifugal forces of rotation to force governor valve 62 slideably toward middle cap aperture 34 in opposite air flow. Movement of valve 62 toward the aperture reduces the effective flow area therethrough whereby under usual operating conditions motor speed is both regulated and uniformly limited.
  • a compressed spring 66 coiled about the lower end of screw 67 between an adjusting nut 68 and a radial spider flange 69. Via a cross pin 70 supported in open slots 71 the biasing force of spring 66 is transmitted to valve 62 urging increased flow area through aperture 34.
  • main governor 35 Operation of main governor 35 can be best understood by comparing the normally inoperative and operative relations of the governor contrasted in FIGS. 3 and 4 respectively. Should a malfunction occur in any governor component such as binding occasioned by corrosion or the like that prevents the intended forward movement of valve 62, an overspeed or runaway speed condition can occur. Marketed grinding wheels for example are characteristically unable to withstand the increase forces associated with speeds much beyond rated operation, tending to fragment or explode at about 50 percent over rated speed. To preclude the latter, there is provided a safety governor 75 in accor' dance herewith as will now be described with continuing reference to FIGS. 3-6.
  • Safety governor is comprised of a dish-like annular spring washer 76, shaped conically concave on its upper surface facing toward aperture 34.
  • the washer is centrally bored for coaxial mounting onto the exterior of spindle 53.
  • An annular spacer 78 provides a somewhat critical spacing from the top face plane of bearing 77 to place the rear or bottom washer face proximate passages 37 for reasons as will be understood.
  • Drag thin rubber grommet 79 maintains the washer secured to the spindle and seated against under spacer 78.
  • Supported on the washer top face are a plurality of cylindrical weights 80 uniformly distributed near the periphery thereof and each secured to the washer by means of a mounting screw 81. While for purposes of disclosure, eight weights 80 are illustrated, the exact quantity and size of each to be employed are a function of their intended operating level as will likewise be understood.
  • weight axes are angularly diverging in the manner illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • Tripping throttle lever 18 energizes the motor and initiates rotation of spindle 53.
  • weights 80 oppose the directionally inherent spring forces of spring washer 76 to bend, pivot or deflect the washer axially downward about a pivot axis defined by spacer 78 from its concave relation in FIG. 3 toward its radially flat normal operating relation of FIG. 4.
  • This places the weight axes substantially parallel to the spindle axis in a relation representing normal operating conditions with all components including primary governor 35 functioning in the manner intended. Should however, the primary governor bind, freeze or otherwise incur malfunction that prevents sleeve 62 from advancing toward aperture 34 to limit motor speed, an overspeed will be incurred almost instantaneously.
  • the weights react to increasingly bend, pivot or deflect spring washer 76 axially downward beyond its normal operating relation.
  • the washer shape is altered from its radially flat relationship shown solid in FIG. 4 to a convex popover relation phantom outlined in FIG. 4 and shown solid in FIG. 6.
  • the spring washer is peripherally positioned overlaying seal plate 38 and may extend within annular groove or recess communicating with air inlet passages 37.
  • springwasher 76 should be selected of physical properties characterized to give the appropriate response. It has been found that materials such as spring steel, beryllium copper or other common spring materials of appropriate thickness available from various commercial sources are suitable for these purposes.
  • the washer was of heat treated beryllium copper on the order of about 2-3/16 inches in diameter, of 1/64 inche thickness and with an original cone height of about three sixty-fourth inche. Another important factor is a matching of annular washer seal plate space area with the area of aperture 34 in middle cap 28 in order to maintain flow quantity necessary for maximum horsepower.
  • the quantity and magnitude of weights 80 secured to the spring-washer face should be closely matched with the spring characteristics to effect motor shutoff at a desired predetermined overspeed.
  • thickness of spacer 78 is critical in that it governs the proximate washer displacement from seal plate 38 to ensure washer seating on being actuated to its shutoff position.
  • a pneumatic motor having a drive spindle for providing a rotational output
  • inlet means to receive operating air from a supply source for delivery to said motor
  • governor means located in the delivery path of the air between said inlet means and said motor for limiting operating speed of said motor
  • said governor means being responsive to the rotational speed of said motor to frictionlessly move toward interrupting said delivery path concomitantly with increases in said rotational speed.
  • said governor means comprises an annular springwasher proximately displaced from at least the inlet of one air passage to said motor and weight means secured uniformly distributed about the face of said washer, said weights means being responsive to the centrifugal forces of rotation to effect said frictionless movement by deflecting said washer from its proximate displaced relation with said one passage toward a superposed transverse relation therewith at a predetermined rate correlated with the rotational speed of said motor.
  • a pneumatic motor having a drive spindle for providing a rotational output
  • inlet means to receive operating air from a supply source for delivery to said motor
  • a main governor for modulating the flow of said delivered air to effectively limit the operating speed of said motor
  • a safety governor operative independent of said main governor at a predetermined motor speed exceeding the limit speed to be effected by said main governor;
  • said safety governor including operative means frictionlessly effective at said predetermined motor speed to interrupt delivery of operating air to said motor.
  • said safety governor operative means comprises an annular spring-washer proximately displaced from at least the inlet of one air passage to said motor and weight means secured uniformly distributed about the face of said washer, said weights means being responsive to the centrifugal forces of rotation to effect said frictionless speed to said predetermined motor.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)
US00220252A 1972-01-24 1972-01-24 Governor for pneumatic motor Expired - Lifetime US3749530A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US22025272A 1972-01-24 1972-01-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3749530A true US3749530A (en) 1973-07-31

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00220252A Expired - Lifetime US3749530A (en) 1972-01-24 1972-01-24 Governor for pneumatic motor

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3749530A (de)
JP (1) JPS5645163B2 (de)
AR (1) AR199890A1 (de)
CA (1) CA969821A (de)
DE (1) DE2303942C2 (de)
GB (1) GB1411034A (de)
IT (1) IT974131B (de)
SE (1) SE394014B (de)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3930764A (en) * 1974-12-26 1976-01-06 Cooper Industries, Inc. Air tool overspeed shutoff device
US3932071A (en) * 1974-08-28 1976-01-13 Chicago Pneumatic Tool Company Overspeed saftey control mechanism for rotary tools
DE2821074A1 (de) * 1978-05-13 1979-11-22 Bosch Gmbh Robert Druckluftwerkzeug mit umlaufmotor
EP0010080A1 (de) * 1978-10-11 1980-04-16 Atlas Copco Aktiebolag Sicherheitsvorrichtung zur Drehzahlbegrenzung
FR2473110A1 (fr) * 1980-01-07 1981-07-10 Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co Limiteur de la vitesse de rotation d'un instrument motorise pneumatique
EP0079319A1 (de) * 1981-10-21 1983-05-18 Atlas Copco Aktiebolag Pneumatisch angetriebenes Drehwerkzeug
EP0080443A1 (de) * 1981-10-21 1983-06-01 Atlas Copco Aktiebolag Sicherheitsvorrichtung gegen Überdrehzahl
US4443164A (en) * 1982-03-15 1984-04-17 The Aro Corporation Secondary speed sensor for governed air grinders
US4729436A (en) * 1986-09-19 1988-03-08 Dresser Industries, Inc. Ball and disc over-speed shut-off mechanism for a rotary pneumatic tool
US5347764A (en) * 1993-03-02 1994-09-20 Indresco Inc. Handle arrangement for air power tool
US5609475A (en) * 1994-05-17 1997-03-11 Wankel Rotary Gmbh Compressor with a hypotrochoidal design having a fluid delivery which is not solely dependent on a drive RPM
US6179552B1 (en) * 1998-03-27 2001-01-30 Atlas Copco Tools Ab Speed control unit for a pneumatic rotation motor
EP2694817A2 (de) * 2011-04-07 2014-02-12 Graco Minnesota Inc. Geschwindigkeitssteuerung eines verstellbaren fliehkraftreglers
US20150328762A1 (en) * 2014-05-16 2015-11-19 Robert Bosch Tool Corporation Speed Limiting Governor of a Rotating Shaft in Air

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4090821A (en) * 1976-06-29 1978-05-23 Ingersoll-Rand Company Governor device
CN114800077B (zh) * 2022-05-18 2022-12-23 扬州森源电力科技有限公司 一种用于电力设备轴承套加工用内圆磨床

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2422733A (en) * 1945-04-02 1947-06-24 Ingersoll Rand Co Speed responsive fluid motor throttling and shutoff valve means
US2586968A (en) * 1949-11-16 1952-02-26 Ingersoll Rand Co Safety device for rotary motors
US3043273A (en) * 1960-09-29 1962-07-10 Thomas C Wilson Inc Overspeed safety device
US3071115A (en) * 1961-07-06 1963-01-01 Thomas C Wilson Inc Pneumatic motor with overspeed safety device
US3257913A (en) * 1962-01-30 1966-06-28 Broom & Wade Ltd Pneumatic motors
US3279485A (en) * 1963-04-22 1966-10-18 Rockwell Mfg Co Safety governor for pneumatic tool
US3421414A (en) * 1966-03-15 1969-01-14 Ingersoll Rand Co Flyweight
US3519372A (en) * 1968-09-19 1970-07-07 Ingersoll Rand Co Speed control

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1506862A (en) * 1921-09-03 1924-09-02 Ingersoll Rand Co Governor for fluid-actuated rotary tools
US2149645A (en) * 1937-04-28 1939-03-07 Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co Governor for fluid motors
US3374680A (en) * 1965-09-13 1968-03-26 Carrier Corp Shaft speed limiting device

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2422733A (en) * 1945-04-02 1947-06-24 Ingersoll Rand Co Speed responsive fluid motor throttling and shutoff valve means
US2586968A (en) * 1949-11-16 1952-02-26 Ingersoll Rand Co Safety device for rotary motors
US3043273A (en) * 1960-09-29 1962-07-10 Thomas C Wilson Inc Overspeed safety device
US3071115A (en) * 1961-07-06 1963-01-01 Thomas C Wilson Inc Pneumatic motor with overspeed safety device
US3257913A (en) * 1962-01-30 1966-06-28 Broom & Wade Ltd Pneumatic motors
US3279485A (en) * 1963-04-22 1966-10-18 Rockwell Mfg Co Safety governor for pneumatic tool
US3421414A (en) * 1966-03-15 1969-01-14 Ingersoll Rand Co Flyweight
US3519372A (en) * 1968-09-19 1970-07-07 Ingersoll Rand Co Speed control

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3932071A (en) * 1974-08-28 1976-01-13 Chicago Pneumatic Tool Company Overspeed saftey control mechanism for rotary tools
US3930764A (en) * 1974-12-26 1976-01-06 Cooper Industries, Inc. Air tool overspeed shutoff device
DE2821074A1 (de) * 1978-05-13 1979-11-22 Bosch Gmbh Robert Druckluftwerkzeug mit umlaufmotor
EP0010080A1 (de) * 1978-10-11 1980-04-16 Atlas Copco Aktiebolag Sicherheitsvorrichtung zur Drehzahlbegrenzung
US4298317A (en) * 1978-10-11 1981-11-03 Atlas Copco Aktiebolag Overspeed safety device
FR2473110A1 (fr) * 1980-01-07 1981-07-10 Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co Limiteur de la vitesse de rotation d'un instrument motorise pneumatique
US4278103A (en) * 1980-01-07 1981-07-14 Chicago Pneumatic Tool Company Overspeed control means for pneumatic tools
DE3100081A1 (de) * 1980-01-07 1981-11-19 Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co., 10017 New York, N.Y. Ueberdrehsteuereinrichtung fuer pneumatische werkzeuge
US4465443A (en) * 1981-10-21 1984-08-14 Atlas Copco Aktiebolag Pneumatic power tool with speed governor and overspeed safety device
EP0079317A1 (de) * 1981-10-21 1983-05-18 Atlas Copco Aktiebolag Pneumatisch angetriebenes Werkzeug
JPS5882682A (ja) * 1981-10-21 1983-05-18 アトラス・コプコ・アクチボラグ 空気圧動力工具
EP0080443A1 (de) * 1981-10-21 1983-06-01 Atlas Copco Aktiebolag Sicherheitsvorrichtung gegen Überdrehzahl
US4444272A (en) * 1981-10-21 1984-04-24 Atlas Copco Aktiebolag Overspeed safety device
EP0079319A1 (de) * 1981-10-21 1983-05-18 Atlas Copco Aktiebolag Pneumatisch angetriebenes Drehwerkzeug
US4586884A (en) * 1981-10-21 1986-05-06 Atlas Copco Aktiebolag Pneumatic power tool with speed governor
JPH0474148B2 (de) * 1981-10-21 1992-11-25
US4443164A (en) * 1982-03-15 1984-04-17 The Aro Corporation Secondary speed sensor for governed air grinders
US4729436A (en) * 1986-09-19 1988-03-08 Dresser Industries, Inc. Ball and disc over-speed shut-off mechanism for a rotary pneumatic tool
US5347764A (en) * 1993-03-02 1994-09-20 Indresco Inc. Handle arrangement for air power tool
US5609475A (en) * 1994-05-17 1997-03-11 Wankel Rotary Gmbh Compressor with a hypotrochoidal design having a fluid delivery which is not solely dependent on a drive RPM
US6179552B1 (en) * 1998-03-27 2001-01-30 Atlas Copco Tools Ab Speed control unit for a pneumatic rotation motor
EP2694817A2 (de) * 2011-04-07 2014-02-12 Graco Minnesota Inc. Geschwindigkeitssteuerung eines verstellbaren fliehkraftreglers
CN103597216A (zh) * 2011-04-07 2014-02-19 格瑞克明尼苏达有限公司 可调节的离心调速器速度控制装置
EP2694817A4 (de) * 2011-04-07 2015-03-25 Graco Minnesota Inc Geschwindigkeitssteuerung eines verstellbaren fliehkraftreglers
US9470232B2 (en) 2011-04-07 2016-10-18 Graco Minnesota Inc. Adjustable centrifugal governor speed control
CN103597216B (zh) * 2011-04-07 2017-03-15 固瑞克明尼苏达有限公司 可调节的离心调速器速度控制装置
AU2017201044B2 (en) * 2011-04-07 2018-11-08 Graco Minnesota Inc. Adjustable centrifugal governor speed control
US20150328762A1 (en) * 2014-05-16 2015-11-19 Robert Bosch Tool Corporation Speed Limiting Governor of a Rotating Shaft in Air
US10293472B2 (en) * 2014-05-16 2019-05-21 Robert Bosch Tool Corporation Speed limiting governor of a rotating shaft in air

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE394014B (sv) 1977-05-31
GB1411034A (en) 1975-10-22
IT974131B (it) 1974-06-20
DE2303942C2 (de) 1983-11-17
JPS4883235A (de) 1973-11-06
AR199890A1 (es) 1974-10-08
DE2303942A1 (de) 1973-08-02
JPS5645163B2 (de) 1981-10-24
CA969821A (en) 1975-06-24

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