US3749159A - Heat transporting device - Google Patents

Heat transporting device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3749159A
US3749159A US00155996A US15599671A US3749159A US 3749159 A US3749159 A US 3749159A US 00155996 A US00155996 A US 00155996A US 15599671 A US15599671 A US 15599671A US 3749159 A US3749159 A US 3749159A
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United States
Prior art keywords
heat
mass
walls
container
porous
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00155996A
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English (en)
Inventor
R Meijer
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
    • F28D15/046—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure characterised by the material or the construction of the capillary structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2225/00—Reinforcing means
    • F28F2225/04—Reinforcing means for conduits

Definitions

  • Meijer HEAT TRANSPORTING DEVICE [75] Inventor: Roelf Jan Meijer, Emmasingel,
  • a heat transporting device comprising a closed container having at least one first and at least one second heat transmission wall, and a heat transporting medium which absorbs thermal energy through the first heat transmission wall while changing from the liquid phase into the vapor phase and supplies thermal energy to the second heat transmission wall while changing from the vapor phase into the liquid phase; the container furthermore comprises a porous mass which connects the second to the first heat transmission wall in such manner that the medium condensed through said mass on the second heat transmission wall can flow back to the first heat transmission wall due to capillary action.
  • One or more supporting elements are arranged in the container for supporting the walls of the container against pressure forces exerted thereon from without, which supporting elements permit the flow of medium vapor in the direction of heat transport.
  • the invention relates to a heat transporting device comprising a closed container having on the one hand at least one first and on the other hand at least one second heat transmission wall, said container comprising a heat transporting medium which absorbs thermal energy through the first heat transmission wall while changing from the liquid phase into the vapour phase and supplies thermal energy to the second heat transmission wall while changing from the vapour phase into the liquid phase, the container furthermore comprising a porous mass which connects the second to the first heat transmission wall in such manner that through said mass the medium condensed on the second heat transmission wall can flow back to the first heat transmission wall due to capillary action.
  • porous mass ensures in all circumstances that condensate can flow back from the second to the first heat transmission wall so even against gravity or without the effect of gravity.
  • Porous masses are to be understood to mean within the scope of the present invention not only masses which consist, for example, of ceramic materials, gauzes of wire or ribbon-shaped material, but also arrangements of pipes and systems of grooves in the wall of the container, whether or not in combination with one of the above-mentioned alternatives.
  • the porous mass which connects the first to the second heat transmission wall may cover the whole wall surface or only part of it.
  • the container is normally evacuated.
  • the vapour pressure of the heat transporting medium in the container lies below the ambient pressure not only at room temperature but also at the high operating temperature of the heat-transporting device.
  • the vapour pressure at 800 K is 8 Torr (1 Torr 1 mm mercury pressure), and at l,l K is 450 Torr.
  • the porous mass may work loose from the wall of the container and/or its capillary structure may be damaged to such an extent that it is no longer useful for the return of condensate.
  • the heat transporting device is characterized in that one or more supporting elements are arranged in the container so as to support the walls of the container against pressure forces exerted on them from without, said supporting elements permitting flow of medium vapour in the direction of heat transport.
  • the walls of the container are supported, they will maintain their original shape and cracking of the walls, implosion, or damage to the capillary structure of the porous mass is prevented.
  • the supporting elements in the device according to the invention also ensures that the porous mass is maintained in its place.
  • the supporting elements may be constituted, for example, by perforated metal plates which are interconnected or are not interconnected, by metal gauzes folded in a zigzag manner or by a structure of rods or pipes.
  • the supporting elements are formed by a compressed porous filling mass of wire or ribbon-shaped material, the pores of which have such a size that the relationship Zycos" /R A,,agh Zycos" HR,
  • the container can be filled with such a filling mass in a simple and cheap manner.
  • the wires or tapes can be provided in bulk in the container and then be compressed, which is of advantage in containers in which certain parts of the space inside are difficult of access, or the compression whether or not followed by sintering, can be carried out previously.
  • the left-hand term of the above relationship represents the resulting capillary force on liquid heat transporting medium in the porous mass, in which the hydraulic radius R is defined as 2 surface/circumference of the pores.
  • the angle of contact namely the angle between the liquid surface and the wall of the pore, depends for a given liquid on the material of the wall of the pore and the nature of the surface of the wall. If in the present case the material of the porous filling mass differs from that of the porous mass whilst the hydraulic radius is the same, the capillary rise may differ mutually.
  • the porous mass will have a capillary suction action for liquid which is so much larger than that of the porous filling mass that at the area of the second heat transmis sion wall all the condensate is absorbed by the porous mass and nothing by the filling mass, while also farther on in the direction from the second to the first heat transmission wall, condensate will not be transmitted from the porous mass to the filling mass.
  • vapour transport from the first to the second heat transmission wall through the filling mass takes place substantially without hindrance.
  • the pores of the filling mass have a larger hydraulic radius than the pores of the porous mass. Comparatively large dimensions of the pores of the filling mass are also desirable to minimize the flow losses of the vapour and hence the temperature gradient between the first and the second heat transmission wall.
  • steel wool is preferably used as a material for the filling mass.
  • Steel wool presents the advantage of a low price, can easily be compressed in all kinds of shapes and, in the compressed condition, can absorb considerable pressures per surface unit.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 of which show diagrammatically and not to scale four embodiments of the heat transporting device.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal crosssectional view (FIG. la) and a cross-sectional view (FIG. lb) taken on the line Ib-Ib of FIG. la
  • reference numeral 1 denotes a closed container having on the one hand a first heat transmission wall 2 and the other hand a heat transmission wall 3.
  • a porous mass 4 is provided which has a capillary structure.
  • the container is otherwise filled with a porous filling mass 5 serving as a supporting element and in this case consisting of a compressed steel wool, the structure of which is coarser than that of the porous mass 4, that is to say, the pores in the filling mass 5 have larger passages than the pores in the mass 4.
  • a porous filling mass 5 serving as a supporting element and in this case consisting of a compressed steel wool, the structure of which is coarser than that of the porous mass 4, that is to say, the pores in the filling mass 5 have larger passages than the pores in the mass 4.
  • the container furthermore contains a suitably chosen quantity of sodium as a heat transporting medium and is otherwise evacuated.
  • liquid sodium absorbs thermal energy through the first heat transmission wall 2 from a heat source not shown, so that said sodium evaporates.
  • the vapour then flows through the pores in the compressed steel wool to the second heat transmission wall 3 as a result of the lower vapour pressure there, due to the slightly lower temperature at the area, and condenses on said wall while delivering the heat of evaporation absorbed in the first heat transmission wall 2.
  • the condensate flows through the porous mass 4, due to capillary action while using the surface tension of the condensate, back to the first heat transmission wall 2 to be evaporated again there. Return of condensate takes place irrespective of the position of the container so even against gravity or without the effect of gravity.
  • the vapour pressure of the sodium in the container is much lower than the atmospheric outside.
  • the upper and lower walls of the container l with their large wall surface areas hence experience a considerable mechanical load.
  • the porous filling mass 5 formed in this case by compressed steel wool ensures that the container walls are supported.
  • the filling mass has a sufficient resistance to pressure to ensure that the container walls not bend inwards, tear and provide a possibility of implosion or damage the capillary structure of the porous mass 4, respectively cause said mass 4 to work loose from the walls and be removed therefrom.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 the same reference materials are used as in FIG. 1 for corresponding components.
  • the operation of the heat transporting devices shown in these figures is identical to that shown in FIG. 1, so that it need not be described in detail.
  • the supporting elements are constituted by a number of metal plates 6 arranged transverse to the heat transporting device and comprising a number of apertures 7 through which heat transporting medium in the form of vapour can flow from the first to the second heat transmission wall.
  • the plates 6 are rigidly secured to supporting beams 8 which likewise serve as supporting elements.
  • FIG. 3 shows a heat transporting device in which the supporting element consists of a construction of beams 9 and cross beams 10 which are rigidly connected together. Transport of the heat transporting medium in the form of vapour from the first heat transmission wall 2 to the second heat transmission wall 3 takes place in a direction parallel to the beams, through the rectangular apertures bounded by the cross beams 10.
  • FIG. 4 shows a heat transporting device in which a gauze 11 folded in a zigzag manner serves as a supporting element. Vapour of heat transporting medium flows through the meshes of the gauze 11 from the first to the second heat transmission wall. The forces exerted on the large surfaces of the upper and lower wall of the container 1 by the atmospheric pressure, are at least partly received via the gauze 11 by the two heat transmission walls 2 and 3.
  • a heat pipe device operable with a heattransporting medium having a vapor phase when heated sufficiently and a liquid phase then sufficient heat is extracted therefrom, this device being operable to receive thermal energy from a source and to supply thermal energy to a sink, and being subject to external pressure, the device comprising walls which define a closed container and inner surfaces of the walls defining a space therein, two of said walls being first and second spaced apart heat-transmitting walls, a quantity of said heat-transporting medium situated within said container, a porous mass along said inner surfaces the mass having structure permitting capillary flow of said liquid phase medium therethrough, and support means being a resilient mass and having strength in compression and situated within said container and contacting and providing substantially uninform pressure against said walls thereof for resisting said external pressure thereto, said supporting means being porous for permitting a flow of said vapor phase medium therethrough.
  • a heat pipe device as claimed in claim 2 characterized in that the material is steel wool.
  • a heat pipe comprising walls which define a closed container and inner surfaces of the walls defining a space therein, two of said walls being spaced-apart first and second heat-transmitting walls, heat transporting medium having vapor and liquid phases when heated and cooled respectively within said container, a porous mass along said inner surfaces interconnecting said heat transmitting walls, this mass permitting capillary flow of said liquid phase medium therethrough, support means having compression strength situated within and substantially filling space and contacting said walls inner surfaces for providing compression strength to said container, said support means being a resilient mass and being porous permitting flow of said vapor phase medium therethrough between said heat transmitting walls.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US00155996A 1970-07-04 1971-06-23 Heat transporting device Expired - Lifetime US3749159A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL707009932A NL153326B (nl) 1970-07-04 1970-07-04 Warmtetransportinrichting.

Publications (1)

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US3749159A true US3749159A (en) 1973-07-31

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US00155996A Expired - Lifetime US3749159A (en) 1970-07-04 1971-06-23 Heat transporting device

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US (1) US3749159A (enrdf_load_html_response)
JP (1) JPS527188B1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
AT (1) AT307464B (enrdf_load_html_response)
BE (1) BE769475A (enrdf_load_html_response)
CA (1) CA937561A (enrdf_load_html_response)
CH (1) CH534340A (enrdf_load_html_response)
DE (1) DE2128566A1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
DK (1) DK127697B (enrdf_load_html_response)
FR (1) FR2097188B1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
GB (1) GB1355422A (enrdf_load_html_response)
NL (1) NL153326B (enrdf_load_html_response)
NO (1) NO130371B (enrdf_load_html_response)
SE (1) SE387169B (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3967591A (en) * 1972-03-31 1976-07-06 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Steam generator for fast breeder reactor
US4523636A (en) * 1982-09-20 1985-06-18 Stirling Thermal Motors, Inc. Heat pipe
US5404272A (en) * 1991-10-24 1995-04-04 Transcal Carrier for a card carrying electronic components and of low heat resistance
US6227287B1 (en) * 1998-05-25 2001-05-08 Denso Corporation Cooling apparatus by boiling and cooling refrigerant
EP1048917A3 (en) * 1999-04-30 2002-05-29 Motorola, Inc. Two-phase thermosyphon including a porous structural material having slots disposed therein
US20040040696A1 (en) * 2002-08-21 2004-03-04 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Flat heat transferring device and method of fabricating the same
US6782942B1 (en) * 2003-05-01 2004-08-31 Chin-Wen Wang Tabular heat pipe structure having support bodies
US20050252643A1 (en) * 2000-05-16 2005-11-17 Swales & Associates, Inc. A Delaware Corporation Wick having liquid superheat tolerance and being resistant to back-conduction, evaporator employing a liquid superheat tolerant wick, and loop heat pipe incorporating same
US20050275589A1 (en) * 2004-06-15 2005-12-15 Raytheon Company Thermal management system and method for thin membrane type antennas
US20050284614A1 (en) * 2004-06-22 2005-12-29 Machiroutu Sridhar V Apparatus for reducing evaporator resistance in a heat pipe
US20070295494A1 (en) * 2006-06-26 2007-12-27 Celsia Technologies Korea Inc. Flat Type Heat Transferring Device and Manufacturing Method of the Same
US20090288808A1 (en) * 2008-05-26 2009-11-26 Chi-Te Chin Quick temperature-equlizing heat-dissipating device
CN110617634A (zh) * 2019-03-14 2019-12-27 山东大学 一种毛细部件的分布结构及其太阳能集热器
US20220381167A1 (en) * 2019-11-11 2022-12-01 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Lubricant Pan and Internal Combustion Engine for a Vehicle

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7114471A (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1971-10-21 1973-04-25 Philips Nv
JPS49132254U (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1973-03-19 1974-11-13
JPS5088944U (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1973-12-17 1975-07-28
JPS5628449Y2 (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1975-06-10 1981-07-07
JPS5628453Y2 (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1975-07-31 1981-07-07
JPS5628454Y2 (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1975-07-31 1981-07-07
JPS5229650U (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1975-07-31 1977-03-02
JPS5628455Y2 (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1975-07-31 1981-07-07
JPS5229651U (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1975-07-31 1977-03-02
JPS5229649U (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1975-07-31 1977-03-02
JPS5256657U (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1975-10-22 1977-04-23
JPS5290852A (en) * 1976-01-26 1977-07-30 Hitachi Heating Appliance Co Ltd Tabular, hollow generating plate
JPS5425552A (en) * 1977-07-28 1979-02-26 Oki Electric Cable Flat plate heat pipe
GB2117104A (en) * 1982-03-11 1983-10-05 Mahdjuri Sabet Faramarz Heat pipe for collecting solar radiation
AU628369B2 (en) * 1988-08-22 1992-09-17 Robert Kenneth Prudhoe Passive heat transfer building panel
AU639775B2 (en) * 1990-05-01 1993-08-05 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Heat pipe

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3152774A (en) * 1963-06-11 1964-10-13 Wyatt Theodore Satellite temperature stabilization system
US3503438A (en) * 1968-10-25 1970-03-31 Acf Ind Inc Hydrogen release for a heat pipe

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3967591A (en) * 1972-03-31 1976-07-06 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Steam generator for fast breeder reactor
US4523636A (en) * 1982-09-20 1985-06-18 Stirling Thermal Motors, Inc. Heat pipe
US5404272A (en) * 1991-10-24 1995-04-04 Transcal Carrier for a card carrying electronic components and of low heat resistance
US6227287B1 (en) * 1998-05-25 2001-05-08 Denso Corporation Cooling apparatus by boiling and cooling refrigerant
EP1048917A3 (en) * 1999-04-30 2002-05-29 Motorola, Inc. Two-phase thermosyphon including a porous structural material having slots disposed therein
US8397798B2 (en) * 2000-05-16 2013-03-19 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Evaporators including a capillary wick and a plurality of vapor grooves and two-phase heat transfer systems including such evaporators
US20050252643A1 (en) * 2000-05-16 2005-11-17 Swales & Associates, Inc. A Delaware Corporation Wick having liquid superheat tolerance and being resistant to back-conduction, evaporator employing a liquid superheat tolerant wick, and loop heat pipe incorporating same
US9103602B2 (en) 2000-05-16 2015-08-11 Orbital Atk, Inc. Evaporators including a capillary wick and a plurality of vapor grooves and two-phase heat transfer systems including such evaporators
US20040040696A1 (en) * 2002-08-21 2004-03-04 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Flat heat transferring device and method of fabricating the same
US7044201B2 (en) * 2002-08-21 2006-05-16 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Flat heat transferring device and method of fabricating the same
US6782942B1 (en) * 2003-05-01 2004-08-31 Chin-Wen Wang Tabular heat pipe structure having support bodies
US20050275589A1 (en) * 2004-06-15 2005-12-15 Raytheon Company Thermal management system and method for thin membrane type antennas
US7983042B2 (en) * 2004-06-15 2011-07-19 Raytheon Company Thermal management system and method for thin membrane type antennas
US20050284614A1 (en) * 2004-06-22 2005-12-29 Machiroutu Sridhar V Apparatus for reducing evaporator resistance in a heat pipe
US20070295494A1 (en) * 2006-06-26 2007-12-27 Celsia Technologies Korea Inc. Flat Type Heat Transferring Device and Manufacturing Method of the Same
US20090288808A1 (en) * 2008-05-26 2009-11-26 Chi-Te Chin Quick temperature-equlizing heat-dissipating device
US8813834B2 (en) * 2008-05-26 2014-08-26 Chi-Te Chin Quick temperature-equlizing heat-dissipating device
CN110617634A (zh) * 2019-03-14 2019-12-27 山东大学 一种毛细部件的分布结构及其太阳能集热器
US20220381167A1 (en) * 2019-11-11 2022-12-01 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Lubricant Pan and Internal Combustion Engine for a Vehicle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7009932A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1972-01-06
FR2097188B1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1975-02-07
FR2097188A1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1972-03-03
SE387169B (sv) 1976-08-30
BE769475A (fr) 1972-01-03
CA937561A (en) 1973-11-27
GB1355422A (en) 1974-06-05
DE2128566A1 (de) 1972-01-20
JPS471942A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1972-01-31
JPS527188B1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1977-02-28
NL153326B (nl) 1977-05-16
DK127697B (da) 1973-12-17
AT307464B (de) 1973-05-25
NO130371B (enrdf_load_html_response) 1974-08-19
CH534340A (de) 1973-02-28

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