US3748514A - Multi-beam cathode ray tube character display - Google Patents
Multi-beam cathode ray tube character display Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3748514A US3748514A US00172756A US3748514DA US3748514A US 3748514 A US3748514 A US 3748514A US 00172756 A US00172756 A US 00172756A US 3748514D A US3748514D A US 3748514DA US 3748514 A US3748514 A US 3748514A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- plural
- beams
- ray tube
- cathode ray
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
- H01J29/46—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the ray or beam, e.g. electron-optical arrangement
- H01J29/48—Electron guns
- H01J29/50—Electron guns two or more guns in a single vacuum space, e.g. for plural-ray tube
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2229/00—Details of cathode ray tubes or electron beam tubes
- H01J2229/48—Electron guns
- H01J2229/4824—Constructional arrangements of electrodes
- H01J2229/4827—Electrodes formed on surface of common cylindrical support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2229/00—Details of cathode ray tubes or electron beam tubes
- H01J2229/48—Electron guns
- H01J2229/50—Plurality of guns or beams
- H01J2229/505—Arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2229/00—Details of cathode ray tubes or electron beam tubes
- H01J2229/48—Electron guns
- H01J2229/50—Plurality of guns or beams
- H01J2229/507—Multi-beam groups, e.g. number of beams greater than number of cathodes
Definitions
- ABSTRACT 313/70 313/86 313/86 SP A multi-beam cathode ray tube having a cathode with [51 ⁇ Int. Cl H013 29/50, H01 31/16 Si Sided channels definin s bstantia hone 6 mb
- Field of Search 313/69, 69 c, 70 R, g a u Y y type structure havlng electron em1ss1on coatings on flat 313/86 KM faces thereof lying in a single plane and facing the target area.
- the present invention relates in general to cathode ray tubes, and more particularly to cathode ray tubes for computer displays and other applications requiring very high writing speeds.
- cathode ray tubes for computer displays has created a demand for cathode ray tube writing speeds much higher than those that were readily available from previous cathode ray tube constructions, for example writing speeds up to 1200 BAUD.
- One approach to providing such higher writing speeds has been through use of the concept of multi-beam, single gun cathode ray tube designs.
- multi-beam cathode ray tube which has been marketed has seven electron beams, and certain experimental multi-beam cathode ray tubes have been provided with a still higher number of controllable beams.
- Two major factors which have imposed serious design problems for multi-beam cathode ray tubes are low individual beam currents and the occurrence of beam divergence arising from mutual repulsion by charges of like polarity.
- An object of the present invention is the provision of a novel multi-beam cathode ray tube capable of increased writing speeds, wherein a novel cathode structure is provided to achieve uniform electron emission with maximum resistance to heat warpage and overcome low power density characteristics of multicathode systems.
- Another object of the present invention is the provision of a novel multi-beam cathode ray tube construction wherein a special acceleration anode construction is employed to eliminate beam divergence otherwise resulting from the repulsion of charges of like polarity of electron beams, to permit use of a large number of beams in the cathode ray tube.
- Yet another object of the present invention is the provision of a novel multi-beam cathode ray tube construction employing unique multi-grid control and beam shaping elements characterized by freedom from pre-fabrication oxidation and ability to remain stable at tube fabrication or operating temperatures.
- FIG. 1 is a somewhat diagrammatic perspective view of a multi-beam cathode ray tube constructed in accordance with the present invention, with parts of the deflection yoke and focus coil broken away and parts within the neck portion of the cathode ray tube shown as visible through the glass neck portion;
- FIG. 2 is a detailed section view, to enlarged scale, of the honeycomb cathode construction illustrating the design of the cathode element;
- FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section view through the cathode ray tube, taken along the line 33 of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 4 is a front elevation view of the cathode
- FIG. 5 is a side elevation view of the cathode assembled to the control grid, shown to enlarged scale;
- FIG. 6 is a somewhat diagrammatic front elevation view of the control grid, showing the connections therefore.
- FIG. 7 is an enlarged section view through one of the holes of the control grid, taken along the line 77 of FIG. 6.
- the multi-beam cathode ray tube of the present invention is indicated generally by the reference character 10 and comprises the usual glass envelope including an elongated neck section 11 and a face plate section 12 of larger cross-section than the neck section terminating in the front face 13 carrying the phosphor target indicated in outline at 13A.
- the glass neck section 11 of the cathode ray tube 10 adjacent its juncture with the face plate section 12 is encircled by the usual deflection yoke 14 and focus coil 15.
- the electron gun in the illustrated embodiment includes a cathode generally indicated at 17, a control grid generally indicated at 18, a first anode indicated at 19 and a rectangular tubular accelerating anode 20. These elements may be preassembled on a supporting framework generally indicated by longitudinally extending frame members 21 and inserted as a unit in the neck section 11 of the cathode ray tube during manufacture.
- the low power density characteristic of multicathode systems employed in some multi-beam cathode ray tubes is overcome in the present invention by employing a unique nickel cathode design for the cathode 17 wherein the cathode has the appearance of a segment of a honeycomb when viewed from the end or in section as illustrated in FIG. 2. As will be seen from FIG. 2,
- the cathode 17 is formed from a pair of nickel sheet members 23, 24 each having a series of five spaced parallel outwardly projecting ribs or channel formations 23A, 24A having outwardly convergent, similarly inlclined sides 23B, 24B and flat outer walls 23C, 24C paralleling the main plane of the cathode, giving the channels a truncated isosceles triangular configuration.
- the flat outer walls 23C and 24C of the rib or channel portions extend the full width of the cathode, and the sheets 23 and 24 are assembled at each end and between each of the elongated channel formations 23A, 24A by spotwelding, thereby providing a most rigid and stable cathode design.
- the filament windings are formed of spiral tungsten filaments, indicated at 25, insulated by an insulating layer of high temperature ceramic such as alumina or fused aluminum oxide.
- the honeycomb design provides maximum resistance to heat warpage from heating the cathode to operating temperatures, thus assuring that the cathode will remain parallel to the control grid for maximum efficiency of electron emission.
- the rectangular and parallel cathode surfaces 23C on which the cathode material is deposited, as indicated at 26, are of sufficient axial length, extending from one end of the cathode to the other, to assure maximum electron emission from as many as seven controllable grid apertures at a current density to enable each electron beam to develop 50 to 60 microamperes of current.
- each of the channel formations 23A which include the flats 23C carrying the cathode coating is heated by the spiral tungsten filament 25.
- the cathode flat areas 23C are coated by spray, paint, or electrophoretic deposits of standard cathode material, such as that referred to commercially as Tri-Carbonate.
- This cathode coating is protected from atmosphere poisoning by a layer of organic lacquer until the cathode ray tube is activated in the final fabrication stages.
- the honeycomb structure herein described lends itself to rapid manufacture and ease of fabrication by machine stamping or die rolling, and when assembled by spotwelding at the ends of the sheets 23, 24 and between each cathode flat, provides a stable and rigid cathode design.
- the control grid provides control for each individual beam intensity and current.
- the control grid 18 in the preferred embodiment is in the general configuration of a rectangular panel, similar to the panel or substrate for a printed circuit board, having a plurality of holes or apertures 18A arranged in rows along axes paralleling and aligned with the center axes of the five flats 23C of the cathode carrying the cathode material 26. To provide the 35 electron beams, five rows of control grid apertures 18A are provided, each row having seven control grid apertures 18A therein.
- the ceramic substrate indicated at 18B in FIG.
- the ceramic substrate 18B is provided with a gold plating, indicated at 18C formed by first applying an initial thickness of approximately 1,000 Angstrom units (or about one ten thousandths of a millimeter) of gold by a vacuum process known as sputtering. This sputter gold layer is applied to both surfaces of the substrate 18B and to the inside walls of the grid apertures 18A to assure firm adhesion of the metallic gold to the ceramic substrate.
- the control grid substrate is then electroplate to increase the thickness of the gold to 0.001 inch (or 0.025 millimeters).
- cooper may first be applied to the ceramic substrate,.after which the substrate is then electroplated with nickel to provide a thickness of about 0.001 inch.
- a photo-sensitive etch resist such as Eastman Kodak Companys KPR or KMER or KTFR resist.
- This photo-sensitive etch resist is then exposed to a precision glass photographic plate containing a negative image of the control apertures and their attachment metal paths, and the resist is then processed in accordance with the manufacturers recommeda tions for the type of resist employed and is etched in an Aqua Regia solution composed of one part hydrochloric acid mixed with three parts nitric acid for etching away the unwanted metal gold.
- the unwanted metal gold can be etched away by a solution of sodium cyanide containing hydrogen peroxide or by electrolytic etching with alkaline cyanide solutions and a steel cathode using six volts D. C. power.
- the first anode 19 is similar to the control grid 18, in that the ceramic substrate 19B may be of the identical size and design as the control grid substrate and is likewise provided with 35 apertures 19A. However, whereas the control grid 18 contains 35 individual conductive attachment paths 18C leading to grid connections at the edges of the control grid, the first anode 19 has the surface facing away from the control grid or toward the target provided with a layer of metal gold like the one provided on the control grid before etching, the layer of metal gold on the first anode being broken only by the beam apertures 19A. The other surface of the first anode 19, which faces the control grid, contains no gold except for a rim around the apertures about 0.001 inch wide. Each of the control grid 18 and first anode 19 may be about 1.5 millimeters in thickness.
- the cathode ray tube is provided with a gradient field helical anode 28 provided in the neck section 11 between the conventional rectangular tubular accelerating anode 20 and the forward end of the neck section.
- the gradient helix 28 is formed as a two millimeter conducting path extending in a helical pattern along the inside wall of the glass neck 11 of the cathode ray tube in encircling relation to the electron beams and having such resistance and composition as to exhibit a drop in potential of about 14,000 volts over the total length of the helix 28.
- the helix 28 thus has an overall resistance of approximately megohms at full beam current of 50 microamperes for each of the 35 individual beams.
- the end of the helix nearest the cathode in one embodiment, is connected to minus 24,000 volts D. C., with the first anode 19 connected to about minus 24,000 to minus 24,500 volts D. C. and the cathode connected to about minus 24,000 volts D. C..
- the graduated intensity of negative high voltage surrounding the electron beam paths through the cathode ray tube from the cathode to the target eliminates the normal beam divergence arising from repulsion of like charges of the beam.
- the helix potential is at a maximum negative potential at the cathode end of the helix, where the electron velocity of each beam is slowest and the beam divergence is maximum.
- This negative potential of the helix 28 gradually diminishes toward the target area and simultaneously the electron speed increases to require lessnegative potential to maintain beam alignment.
- the helix anode terminates with a junction with a metal distortion correction anode, schematically indicated at 30 in FIG. 3, connected to a potential of about minus 10,000 volts D. C., to eliminate pincushioning or barrel distortion typical of 70 deflection systems.
- the honeycombed type of cathode structure providing five elongated cathode flats carrying the cathode material, in association with the control grid and first anode elements having five rows of seven apertures cach aligned with the cathode material flats of the cathode
- an advantageous design is provided for a cathode ray tube having as many as 35 controllable beams.
- the cathode ray tube will contain a maximum of 35 times the writing speed of conventional single electron beam cathode ray tubes and five times the writing speed of existing multibeam cathode ray tubes.
- the honeycombed cathode construction provides uniform electron emission and minimum cathode distortion from filament heat.
- control grid 18 and first anode l9 employing metallic gold provides a non-oxidizing or tarnishing metal conductor capable of maintaining excellent conductivity through fine lines and provides freedom from prefabrication oxidation and ability to remain stable at tube fabrication or operating temperatures.
- the gradient helical accelerating anode 28 provides means for elimination of the inherent divergence of multielectron beams arising from repulsion of like charges.
- a multi-beam cathode ray tube construction for producing a matrix display pattern from plural electron beams arranged in plural rows and plural columns to generate display images of alpha-numeric characters formed from spot elements of the matrix pattern, comprising a glass envelope including an elongated generally cylindrical neck section and a face plate section jointed thereto having a phosphor target; a single electron gun within the rear region of said neck section including a cathode for emitting electrons, beam control and shaping perforated electrode means having plural rows of plural holes for controlling and shaping the electrons emitted by said cathode into plural rows of plural beams to form the matrix pattern, each of said holes being lined with conductivematerial connected by conductor strips to terminals for applying selected potentials to the lining material; and accelerating anode means for accelerating the electrons in said beams toward the target to form a spot image on the target for each of the beams, said anode means including a gradient field helical anode formed of a narrow band of resistance material extending in
Landscapes
- Cathode-Ray Tubes And Fluorescent Screens For Display (AREA)
- Electrodes For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US17275671A | 1971-08-18 | 1971-08-18 | |
US00343030A US3843901A (en) | 1971-08-18 | 1973-03-20 | Multi-beam cathode ray tube construction |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3748514A true US3748514A (en) | 1973-07-24 |
Family
ID=26868426
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00172756A Expired - Lifetime US3748514A (en) | 1971-08-18 | 1971-08-18 | Multi-beam cathode ray tube character display |
US00343030A Expired - Lifetime US3843901A (en) | 1971-08-18 | 1973-03-20 | Multi-beam cathode ray tube construction |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00343030A Expired - Lifetime US3843901A (en) | 1971-08-18 | 1973-03-20 | Multi-beam cathode ray tube construction |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US3748514A (da) |
AU (1) | AU467425B2 (da) |
BE (2) | BE845915Q (da) |
CA (1) | CA945617A (da) |
CH (1) | CH565449A5 (da) |
DE (1) | DE2240824A1 (da) |
FR (1) | FR2149530B1 (da) |
GB (2) | GB1401230A (da) |
NL (1) | NL7202479A (da) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3843901A (en) * | 1971-08-18 | 1974-10-22 | A Standaart | Multi-beam cathode ray tube construction |
US4142133A (en) * | 1976-10-20 | 1979-02-27 | Balandin Genrikh D | Cathode-ray tube with variable energy of beam electrons |
EP0009963A2 (en) * | 1978-10-04 | 1980-04-16 | English Electric Valve Company Limited | Display arrangements |
US4301389A (en) * | 1979-12-12 | 1981-11-17 | International Business Machines Corp. | Multiple beam cathode ray tube with apertured cathode and control grid |
EP0157445A1 (de) * | 1984-03-12 | 1985-10-09 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Elektronenstrahlröhre |
US4616160A (en) * | 1983-09-30 | 1986-10-07 | Honeywell Information Systems Inc. | Multiple beam high definition page display |
US6696780B1 (en) * | 1998-12-21 | 2004-02-24 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Electron gun comprising a tubular electrode having a coiled portion formed therein |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3999097A (en) * | 1975-06-30 | 1976-12-21 | International Business Machines Corporation | Ion implantation apparatus utilizing multiple aperture source plate and single aperture accel-decel system |
US4563613A (en) * | 1984-05-01 | 1986-01-07 | Xerox Corporation | Gated grid structure for a vacuum fluorescent printing device |
NL8500905A (nl) * | 1985-03-28 | 1986-10-16 | Philips Nv | Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een inrichting met een elektrische weerstandslaag en toepassing van de werkwijze. |
CN107703712B (zh) * | 2017-11-13 | 2023-11-14 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | 一种硬x射线条纹相机及其探测硬x射线能段的方法 |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2272165A (en) * | 1938-03-01 | 1942-02-03 | Univ Leland Stanford Junior | High frequency electrical apparatus |
US2393890A (en) * | 1944-02-18 | 1946-01-29 | Invex Corp | Television system |
US2796549A (en) * | 1952-09-12 | 1957-06-18 | Paul E Fiske | Electronics matrix solver tube |
US2811668A (en) * | 1956-05-29 | 1957-10-29 | Gen Dynamics Corp | Electron beam deflection control system |
US2862144A (en) * | 1958-03-21 | 1958-11-25 | Gen Dynamics Corp | Simplified system for character selection in a shaped beam tube |
US3198976A (en) * | 1960-04-28 | 1965-08-03 | Rank Precision Ind Ltd | Electric discharge tubes and applications thereof |
US3375390A (en) * | 1966-01-03 | 1968-03-26 | Gen Electric | Electron optical system having spiral collimating electrode adjacent the target |
US3432710A (en) * | 1966-08-08 | 1969-03-11 | Donald G Gumpertz | Display tube having character mask with electron gun individual to each character |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3686727A (en) * | 1971-03-22 | 1972-08-29 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Method of fabricating a multibeam electron gun structure |
US3748514A (en) * | 1971-08-18 | 1973-07-24 | A Standaart | Multi-beam cathode ray tube character display |
-
1971
- 1971-08-18 US US00172756A patent/US3748514A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1972
- 1972-02-25 NL NL7202479A patent/NL7202479A/xx unknown
- 1972-08-10 GB GB545374A patent/GB1401230A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-08-10 GB GB3726572A patent/GB1401229A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-08-16 AU AU45624/72A patent/AU467425B2/en not_active Expired
- 1972-08-17 CA CA149,649A patent/CA945617A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-08-17 FR FR7229495A patent/FR2149530B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-08-17 CH CH1220872A patent/CH565449A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-08-18 DE DE2240824A patent/DE2240824A1/de active Pending
-
1973
- 1973-03-20 US US00343030A patent/US3843901A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1976
- 1976-09-07 BE BE170404A patent/BE845915Q/xx active
- 1976-09-07 BE BE170403A patent/BE845914Q/xx active
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2272165A (en) * | 1938-03-01 | 1942-02-03 | Univ Leland Stanford Junior | High frequency electrical apparatus |
US2393890A (en) * | 1944-02-18 | 1946-01-29 | Invex Corp | Television system |
US2796549A (en) * | 1952-09-12 | 1957-06-18 | Paul E Fiske | Electronics matrix solver tube |
US2811668A (en) * | 1956-05-29 | 1957-10-29 | Gen Dynamics Corp | Electron beam deflection control system |
US2862144A (en) * | 1958-03-21 | 1958-11-25 | Gen Dynamics Corp | Simplified system for character selection in a shaped beam tube |
US3198976A (en) * | 1960-04-28 | 1965-08-03 | Rank Precision Ind Ltd | Electric discharge tubes and applications thereof |
US3375390A (en) * | 1966-01-03 | 1968-03-26 | Gen Electric | Electron optical system having spiral collimating electrode adjacent the target |
US3432710A (en) * | 1966-08-08 | 1969-03-11 | Donald G Gumpertz | Display tube having character mask with electron gun individual to each character |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3843901A (en) * | 1971-08-18 | 1974-10-22 | A Standaart | Multi-beam cathode ray tube construction |
US4142133A (en) * | 1976-10-20 | 1979-02-27 | Balandin Genrikh D | Cathode-ray tube with variable energy of beam electrons |
EP0009963A2 (en) * | 1978-10-04 | 1980-04-16 | English Electric Valve Company Limited | Display arrangements |
EP0009963A3 (en) * | 1978-10-04 | 1980-04-30 | English Electric Valve Company Limited | Display arrangements |
US4301389A (en) * | 1979-12-12 | 1981-11-17 | International Business Machines Corp. | Multiple beam cathode ray tube with apertured cathode and control grid |
US4616160A (en) * | 1983-09-30 | 1986-10-07 | Honeywell Information Systems Inc. | Multiple beam high definition page display |
EP0157445A1 (de) * | 1984-03-12 | 1985-10-09 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Elektronenstrahlröhre |
US6696780B1 (en) * | 1998-12-21 | 2004-02-24 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Electron gun comprising a tubular electrode having a coiled portion formed therein |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2240824A1 (de) | 1973-03-01 |
GB1401229A (en) | 1975-07-16 |
AU4562472A (en) | 1974-02-21 |
FR2149530A1 (da) | 1973-03-30 |
BE845914Q (fr) | 1976-12-31 |
US3843901A (en) | 1974-10-22 |
CH565449A5 (da) | 1975-08-15 |
CA945617A (en) | 1974-04-16 |
BE845915Q (fr) | 1976-12-31 |
FR2149530B1 (da) | 1976-10-29 |
NL7202479A (da) | 1973-02-20 |
GB1401230A (en) | 1975-07-16 |
AU467425B2 (en) | 1975-12-04 |
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