US3748491A - Variable rate load setback circuit - Google Patents

Variable rate load setback circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
US3748491A
US3748491A US00264799A US3748491DA US3748491A US 3748491 A US3748491 A US 3748491A US 00264799 A US00264799 A US 00264799A US 3748491D A US3748491D A US 3748491DA US 3748491 A US3748491 A US 3748491A
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United States
Prior art keywords
load
reference signal
operational amplifier
control circuit
setback
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00264799A
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English (en)
Inventor
C Barrigher
C Devlin
P Malone
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Publication date
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F01D21/14—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to other specific conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/20—Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted
    • F01D17/22—Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted the operation or power assistance being predominantly non-mechanical

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to control circuitry for a turbine system and is especially applicable to control of steam turbine systems.
  • It is a further object of this invention't'o provide a new and improved variable load setback circuit for a steam turbine which responds at the fastest desired rate and to the lowest desired level automatically.
  • variable rateload setback circuit comprising an integrator and a limiter.
  • the load reference signal When an amplifier in the integrator and an amplifier in the limiter are individually biased at a value determined by the operator, the load reference signal will be decreased from its operating value at a predetermined rate and clamped at a predetermined level to form a load setback reference signal.
  • the load setback reference signal provides a means for the adjustment of the rate of power reduction by controlling the steam control valve and thus compensate for the rate of loss of steam in a turbine system with a failed component in the steam generating loop.
  • FIG- URE is a circuit diagram illustrating the basic components of a variable rate load setback circuit in accordance with this invention.
  • input terminal 11 provides a connection to receive a load reference signal or voltage from an amplifier which in the prior art is used to control a steam control valve.
  • the load on the turbine is proportional to this load reference signal.
  • the input terminal 11 is connected through diode 12 to a point A.
  • the voltage at point A is held at a value corresponding to the load reference signal;
  • Point A with respect to ground is also the output of the variable rate load setback circuit and this output ultimately controls a steam control valve (not shown).
  • Resistors 13 and 14 are impressed with a voltage to provide a positive biasing voltage to diode 12.
  • Diode 15 which also receives a positive bias through resistors 13 and 14, is shown connected in a first feedback loop of integrator 17 and in a second feedback loop of limiter 18.
  • a current amplifier 16 comprises resistors 19 and 20, which produce voltage drops to allow a transistor 21 to perform its normal current amplification function, and are connected to the collecter and emitter respectively of transistor 21.
  • the emitter of transistor 21 is also connected to point A through diode 15. Note that diode 15 forms an overall low value gate between the integrator 17, limiter l8, and the load reference signal applied at input terminal 11.
  • Integrator 17 which will provide a linearly decreasing voltage (from the load reference signal) at pointA, is determined by an operator mandated setting of a control. Integrator 17 is connected in a feedback loop from'the output of an operational amplifier 23 through a diode.24 to the base of transistor 21 in currentamplifier 1'6 and serially through the emitter of transistor 21 and diode 15 'to the input of integrator 17 through capacitor 22. Input resistors 25 and 26 form a voltagedividerand along with.normally closed relaycontact 27 apply a fixed positivebiasito operational amplifier 23 to keep operational amplifier 23 in negative'saturation. Also connected at an input to operational amplifier'23 is resistor 28, the other end of which resistor is connected to ground.
  • Resistor 28 is utilized'toreducethe input impedance of operational amplifier 23 to overcome the extremely high impedance of amplifier 23 which would cause capacitor 22 to slowly continue chargingand'thus produce large steps whenever the integrator 17 was operating.
  • Resistor 29 is utilized to control the amount of input voltage, as a preset bias, to be applied to an input of operational amplifier 23 through an input resistor 31 when normally open contact 30 is closed.
  • Limiter 18 which clamps the load reference setback signal at a preset value controlled by the operator, is connected to point A in a second feedback loop through resistor 32 to an input of operational amplifier 33.
  • the output of operational amplifier 33 is applied to the base of transistor 21 in current amplifier 16 through a high value gate or diode 34 and from the emitter of transistor 21 through diode 15 to point A.
  • Resistor 35 applies a negative voltage through input resistor 36 to an input of operational amplifier 33 to maintain operational amplifier 33 in positive saturation.
  • Resistor 37 controls the voltage or preset bias applied to an input of operational amplifier 33 through closure of contact 38, which is normally open, and serially connected input resistor 39.
  • normally closed contact 27 is opened and normally open contact 30 in integrator 17 and contact 38 in limiter 18 are set, or closed. This is done in a manner well known in the art, such as energizing a coil of a relay which in turn closes contacts 30 and 38 and opens contact 27.
  • the voltage at point A is initially held at whatever value corresponds with the load reference signal applied to input terminal 11.
  • the operational amplifier 23 in integrator 17 Before the operator activates the setback circuit, the operational amplifier 23 in integrator 17 has a positive bias applied to its input to keep amplifier 23 saturated negatively, and the capacitor 22 charges to the voltage value at point A.
  • the positive bias applied to amplifier 23 allows for a very fast integration rate. Therefore, the capacitor can rapidly follow changes in the voltage at point A.
  • the negative bias applied through resistors 35 and 36 to operational amplifier 33 keeps amplifier 33 in positive saturation because of the low value gate diode l blocking feedback voltage in the second feedback loop of limiter 18.
  • the voltage value of the negative bias applied to operational amplifier 33 is kept at a small increment above the largest positive voltage at point A, ever to be encountered in order to prevent diode from conducting.
  • the conduction of diode 15 is prevented due to the polarity reversal of operational amplifier 33 inherent in such an amplifier.
  • a turbine control circuit comprising:
  • a turbine control circuit as in claim 1 wherein said means for linearly decreasing the load reference signal is an integrator.
  • a turbine control circuit as in claim 1 wherein said means for clamping the load setback reference signal is a limiter.
  • a turbine control circuit as in claim 3 wherein said means for connecting the first preset bias is remotely controlled.
  • a turbine control circuit as in claim 6 wherein said means for connecting the second preset bias is remotely controlled.
  • a turbine control circuit comprising:
  • an integrator circuit for linearly decreasing the load reference signal at a predetermined rate to form a load setback reference signal, said integrator circuit further comprising a first operational amplifier having a first feedback loop, a capacitor in series in said first feedback loop, and means for connecting a first preset bias to an input of said first operational amplifier;
  • a limiter circuit for clamping said load setback reference signal at a preset level comprising a second operational amplifier having a second feedback loop and means for connecting a second preset bias to an input of said second operational amplifier.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
US00264799A 1972-06-21 1972-06-21 Variable rate load setback circuit Expired - Lifetime US3748491A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US26479972A 1972-06-21 1972-06-21

Publications (1)

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US3748491A true US3748491A (en) 1973-07-24

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00264799A Expired - Lifetime US3748491A (en) 1972-06-21 1972-06-21 Variable rate load setback circuit

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US (1) US3748491A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
JP (1) JPS5840002B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
CA (1) CA975076A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
CH (1) CH559855A5 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
DE (1) DE2330776B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
GB (1) GB1431384A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4053746A (en) * 1972-04-26 1977-10-11 Westinghouse Electric Corporation System and method for operating a steam turbine with digital computer control having integrator limit
US4136286A (en) * 1977-07-05 1979-01-23 Woodward Governor Company Isolated electrical power generation system with multiple isochronous, load-sharing engine-generator units
US4337615A (en) * 1979-03-21 1982-07-06 The Garrett Corporation Gas turbine fuel control system
US20090110213A1 (en) * 2007-10-24 2009-04-30 Winbond Electronics Corporation Programmable integrated microphone interface circuit
US8499874B2 (en) 2009-05-12 2013-08-06 Icr Turbine Engine Corporation Gas turbine energy storage and conversion system
CN103485837A (zh) * 2012-06-08 2014-01-01 爱默生过程管理电力和水解决方案公司 带有冗余的泄放歧管的电子可控且可测试的涡轮机跳闸系统及方法
US8669670B2 (en) 2010-09-03 2014-03-11 Icr Turbine Engine Corporation Gas turbine engine configurations
US8866334B2 (en) 2010-03-02 2014-10-21 Icr Turbine Engine Corporation Dispatchable power from a renewable energy facility
US8984895B2 (en) 2010-07-09 2015-03-24 Icr Turbine Engine Corporation Metallic ceramic spool for a gas turbine engine
US9051873B2 (en) 2011-05-20 2015-06-09 Icr Turbine Engine Corporation Ceramic-to-metal turbine shaft attachment
US10094288B2 (en) 2012-07-24 2018-10-09 Icr Turbine Engine Corporation Ceramic-to-metal turbine volute attachment for a gas turbine engine

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH03128005U (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * 1989-07-31 1991-12-24

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3340883A (en) * 1966-04-12 1967-09-12 Gen Electric Acceleration, speed and load control system with redundant control means
US3561216A (en) * 1969-03-19 1971-02-09 Gen Electric Thermal stress controlled loading of steam turbine-generators
US3643437A (en) * 1969-10-16 1972-02-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Overspeed protection system for a steam turbine generator

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3340883A (en) * 1966-04-12 1967-09-12 Gen Electric Acceleration, speed and load control system with redundant control means
US3561216A (en) * 1969-03-19 1971-02-09 Gen Electric Thermal stress controlled loading of steam turbine-generators
US3643437A (en) * 1969-10-16 1972-02-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Overspeed protection system for a steam turbine generator

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4053746A (en) * 1972-04-26 1977-10-11 Westinghouse Electric Corporation System and method for operating a steam turbine with digital computer control having integrator limit
US4136286A (en) * 1977-07-05 1979-01-23 Woodward Governor Company Isolated electrical power generation system with multiple isochronous, load-sharing engine-generator units
US4337615A (en) * 1979-03-21 1982-07-06 The Garrett Corporation Gas turbine fuel control system
US20090110213A1 (en) * 2007-10-24 2009-04-30 Winbond Electronics Corporation Programmable integrated microphone interface circuit
US8335328B2 (en) * 2007-10-24 2012-12-18 Winbond Electronics Corporation Programmable integrated microphone interface circuit
US8708083B2 (en) 2009-05-12 2014-04-29 Icr Turbine Engine Corporation Gas turbine energy storage and conversion system
US8499874B2 (en) 2009-05-12 2013-08-06 Icr Turbine Engine Corporation Gas turbine energy storage and conversion system
US8866334B2 (en) 2010-03-02 2014-10-21 Icr Turbine Engine Corporation Dispatchable power from a renewable energy facility
US8984895B2 (en) 2010-07-09 2015-03-24 Icr Turbine Engine Corporation Metallic ceramic spool for a gas turbine engine
US8669670B2 (en) 2010-09-03 2014-03-11 Icr Turbine Engine Corporation Gas turbine engine configurations
US9051873B2 (en) 2011-05-20 2015-06-09 Icr Turbine Engine Corporation Ceramic-to-metal turbine shaft attachment
CN103485837A (zh) * 2012-06-08 2014-01-01 爱默生过程管理电力和水解决方案公司 带有冗余的泄放歧管的电子可控且可测试的涡轮机跳闸系统及方法
CN106837433A (zh) * 2012-06-08 2017-06-13 爱默生过程管理电力和水解决方案公司 入口歧管、跳闸控制系统、跳闸歧管系统及其操作方法以及测试方法
CN103485837B (zh) * 2012-06-08 2017-09-26 爱默生过程管理电力和水解决方案公司 入口歧管、跳闸控制系统、跳闸歧管系统及其操作方法以及测试方法
US10094288B2 (en) 2012-07-24 2018-10-09 Icr Turbine Engine Corporation Ceramic-to-metal turbine volute attachment for a gas turbine engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1431384A (en) 1976-04-07
JPS4956006A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1974-05-30
DE2330776A1 (de) 1974-01-10
DE2330776B2 (de) 1980-03-06
CA975076A (en) 1975-09-23
JPS5840002B2 (ja) 1983-09-02
CH559855A5 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1975-03-14

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