Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
  • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
  • A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
  • A24B15/12—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of reconstituted tobacco
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
  • A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
  • A24D1/02—Cigars; Cigarettes with special covers

Definitions

• a ABSTRACT A carbon filled wrapper for smoking articles such as cigarettes, cigars and the like which significantly reducesthe total particulate matter yield and organic vapor phase constituents in the mainstream smoke therefrom while simultaneously reducing the visible sidestream smoke.
• the carbon filled wrapper is preferably used as an inner wrapper for the tobacco column in combination with an outer wrapping of conventional cigarette paper or cigar wrap.
• the carbon content of the wrapper may vary over a wide range depending upon the effect desired.
• Various types of carbon either activated or unactivated, may be used. Increased effects may be obtained if calcium carbonate is incorporated in the carbon filled sheet and the effects are further enhanced if the paper is treated with an oxidation catalyst such as the alkali metal hydroxides, bicarbonates and carbonates.
• the paper is also particularly suited as a means for introducing various flavorants to the cigarette since the carbon holds the flavor until released by the heat of the burning zone.
• This invention relates generally to smoking articles such as cigarettes, cigars and the like, and the wrapper for the tobacco column thereof, and more particularly to an improved wrapper for such smoking articles which when used either by itself or as an inner liner in combination with conventional. wrappers significantly reduces particulate and vapor phase constituents in the smoke drawn through the smoking article as well as reducing the amount of visible sidestream smoke that normally emanates therefrom.
• Cigarette papers are conventionally modified by the addition of various burning chemicals to improve the burning rate and ash characteristics of cigarettes as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,580,611, 2,652,834, and 2,733,720, but such papers have little, if any, effect upon the content of the cigarette smoke. Also, it is well known to use a calcium carbonate filter in the production of cigarette paper to improve the appearance and properties of the paper as the above patents disclose. However, such conventional cigarette papers do not have a significant effect upon the reduction of undesirable constituents in the cigarette smoke.
• a composite wrapper for cigarettes is disclosed in U. S. Pat. No. 3,395,714 in which the outer wrapper is conventional cigarette paper and the inner wrapper next to the tobacco column is a low-temperature melting point, heat-insulating plastic sheet material. Such a combination is stated to decreasethe burning zone temperature of the cigarette resulting in a lengthening of the cigaretteslow temperature distillation 'zone and an increase in the nicotine and flavor content of the smoke.
• U.S. Pat. No. 3,586,005 proposes a cigarette paper wrapper in which the paper is coated on either or both surfaces with a thin layer of a metal such as aluminum or aluminumbase alloys.
• a metal such as aluminum or aluminumbase alloys.
• the patentee asserts that cigarettes made with such wrappers have a higher peak burning temperature and form a relatively continuous and unbroken sheath or tube around the burned and burning tobacco.
• This tube is stated to oppose air entering the burning zone radially and acts as a lengthwise conduit for the air so that more air passes through the burning zone over its entire cross section making more oxygen available for'more complete combustion and higher burning temperatures.
• the-use of such metal coated paper as a wrapper for cigarettes is impractical since the long ash produced tends to pull the burning cone out of the cigarette when the ash is knocked off during smoking.
• a specific object is to provide a means for reducing the quantity of gaseous components in cigarette and cigar smoke as well as reducing the particulate constituents thereof as the smoking article is consumed without impairing the smoking characteristics thereof.
• a more specific object is to provide a wrapper for the tobacco column of ciga rettes, cigars and the like which accomplishes the foregoing objects.
• the-mainstream smoke therefrom contains a reduced quantity of organic vapor phase components, and total particulate matter normally found in the smoke of such smoking articles made with conventional wrappers.
• the visible sidestream smoke from the cigarette or cigar is substantially reduced giving the appearance of a smokeless cigarette or cigar during static burning.
• the carbon filled wrappers of this invention may be made using an ordinary paper furnish such as pulped wood or flax fibers to which is added a sufficient quantity of pulverized carbon filler.
• the furnish of fiber pulp and carbon filler is then used to make a paper sheet on conventional paper-making machines.
• The. particular fiber furnish from which the carbon filled wrapper is made is not critical and any of the cellulosic fiber pulps used in paper making can be employed.
• the fiber pulps customarily used to make paper wrappers for cigarettes or the tobacco materials used to make cigar wrap are preferred.
• the furnish may be pulped tobacco stalks or stems to which is added the carbon filler or the carbon may be added to the furnish used in making reconstituted tobacco sheets for cigar wrap.
• the carbon filled paper is used as an inner wrap under a normal outer wrap for the tobacco column of the cigarette or cigar.
• Conventional cigarette paper or cigar wrap is used as the outer wrapping for the smoking article.
• Such a combination reduces the tobacco weight necessary to make a satisfactory product, increases the tobacco rod firmness and does not alter the appearance of the cigarette or cigar since the outer wrap of conventional cigarette paper or cigar wrap hides the grey carbon filled inner liner.
• the construction is such that the carbon filled paper inner wrap can be sealed or unsealed. If left unsealed, the sealed outer wrap holds the inner wrap around the circumference of the cigarette.
• the carbon content of the wrapper may vary over a wide range depending upon the reduction of vapor phase and particulate matter desired. Carbon amounts of at least 5 percent by weight based upon the weight of the paper will give satisfactory results and amounts as high as percent can be used successfully. Higher amounts of carbon filler tend to produce greater reductions in particulate and vapor phase constituents. Either activated or unactivated carbon can be used in the carbon filled wrapper, although activated carbons are preferred. Carbons ranging from pulverized coal to very high activity coconut shell charcoal have been used successfully. Other typical examples are activated wood carbons, activated mill waste carbons, activated coal and petroleum base carbons, unactivated bituminous coal, and pulverized charcoal briquettes.
• the particle size of the carbon should be small enough so that visible lumps do not show in the paper. This is generally more important when the filled sheet is used as an inner wrap in cigarettes since larger carbon particles produce visible lumps under the cigarette paper outer wrap. Withcigars such lumps would be less noticeable and therefore not objectionable.
• the carbon is finely pulverized and we have found that particulate carbon that will pass through an 80 mesh screen or smaller is a desirable size range.
• the carbon filled wrapper produces the desired effect without the addition of any of the commonly used cigarette paper or cigar wrap burning chemicals.
• burning chemicals appears to act synergistically with the carbon to provide enhanced results in reduction of vapor phase components and total particulate matter in the smoke in addition to providing better burning rate control.
• the most efficient burning chemicals that we have found are the alkali metal hydroxides, bicarbonates and carbonates, although there are many other commonly known burning chemicals that can be used such as citrate, phosphate and nitrate salts. It is also possible to use burning retardants in combination with the carbon filler to modify the combustion properties of the wrapper.
• the porosity of the carbon filled paper can be tailored to fit the requirements of the finished cigarette or cigar such as the air dilution of the smoke desired.
• the carbon filled paper is used as an inner wrap,
• the porosity can vary over a wide range since porosity r of the total wrapper in the finished cigarette or cigar can be controlled with the regular outer wrap.
• This invention also provides an excellent method for the addition of flavorants to a cigarette or cigar since they are easily added to the carbon filled paper.
• the carbon holds the flavorant until it is released by the heat of the burning zone to go into the sidestream or mainstream smoke.
• Menthol, vanillin, and glycyrrhiza are examples of common flavorings for cigarettes and cigars that have been added to the carbon filled paper and used with very satisfactory results.
• the carbon filled wrapper normally increases the burning temperature of the smoking article. It is believed that this increase in burning temperature, particularly at the skin of the cigarette or cigar, is important in reducing yields in the smoke from cigarettes or cigars employing carbon filled paper wrappers, also the carbon in the wrapper downstream from the burning zone may tend to adsorb certain constituents in the smoke.
• EXAMPLE 1 Sample cigarettes were prepared using a carbon filled paper inner wrap for the tobacco column and a regular cigarette paper outer wrap. All samples were mm in length and approximately 8mm in diameter.
• the carbon filled paper inner wrap was made conventionally from fiaxfiberpulp using an activated wood pulp carbon filler. The particle size of the carbon was such that it would all pass through an mesh screen and approximately 25 to 50 percent would pass through a 325 mesh screen.
• Thefinal carbon filled sheet had a basis weight of 60 g/M and. contained about 70 percent by weight carbon. in half the samples prepared, the carbon filled paper for the inner wrap was further treated with an oxidation catalyst consisting of 5 percent solution of sodium carbonate.
• identical cigarette samples were prepared without a carbon filled paper inner wrap using the same tobacco and cigarette paper. The following table sets forththe'results obtained given as a per cent of the property measured as compared with the control cigarette having no carbon filled paper inner wrap, measuring the smoke obtained from burning 60mm of the tobacco column of each cigarette.
• the total particulate matter yield and major organic vapor phase yield in the mainstream smoke from cigarettes with the carbon filled inner wrap are substantially reduced when compared with the control cigarettes having a conventional cigarette paper wrapper. Very substantial reductions were also obtained in the visible sidestream smoke.
• carbons tested was such that they would pass through an 80 mesh screen or smaller.
• the carbon filled papers were made by conventional papermaking techniques using flax pulp as the basic fiber and the weight of each of the finished sheets was approximately 60 g/M.
• Each of the carbon filled sheets was then used in making a cigarette 70mm long and approximately 8mm in diameter with the carbon filled sheet 'as the inner wrap for the tobacco column under a conventional cigarette paper outer wrap.
• Identical control cigarettes were prepared from the same tobacco and using the same cigarette paper wrapping but without any carbon filled paper inner wrap. In the following table the results are given as a per cent of the property measured compared with the control cigarettes having no carbon filled paper inner wrap. All results are based on the smoke obtained from burning 60mm of each cigarette with approximately 10 standard 35cc puffs per cigarette.
• a smoking article of generally cylindrical form comprising a tobacco charge, an intermediate wrapper for said tobacco charge, said intermediate wrapper comprising a combustible porous paper sheet of cellulosic fibers and finely pulverized carbon particles, said carbon particles constituting at least 5 percent by weight of said sheet, and an outer wrapper for said tobacco charge selected from the group consisting of conventional cigarette paper and cigar wrap having good combustibility, said outer wrapper encircling and in contact with said intermediate wrapper, whereby upon burning of the smoking article a substantial decrease in the visible sidestream smoke emanating therefrom is manifested while also reducing the constituents in the mainstream smoke as compared to a smoking article of the same composition without said intermediate wrapper.
• a composite wrapper adapted to encircle a to bacco charge in a smoking article, said wrapper constituting two superposed sheets, the first of said sheets comprising a porous paper sheet of combustible cellulosic fibers and finely pulverized carbon particles, said carbon particles constituting at least 5 percent by 7.
• the composite wrapper of claim 6 in which the first said sheet contains an alkaline earth metal carbonate, said carbonate constituting at least 5 percent by weight of the first said sheet.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)
• Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=22747512

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (17)

Cited By (114)

Families Citing this family (13)

• 0
  • BE BE791758D patent/BE791758A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1971
  • 1971-11-24 US US00201837A patent/US3744496A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1972
  • 1972-10-24 CA CA154,761A patent/CA973443A/en not_active Expired
  • 1972-10-25 ZA ZA727599A patent/ZA727599B/xx unknown
  • 1972-10-26 AU AU48164/72A patent/AU452936B2/en not_active Expired
  • 1972-11-06 GB GB5099272A patent/GB1414502A/en not_active Expired
  • 1972-11-10 NL NL7215226A patent/NL7215226A/xx unknown
  • 1972-11-14 FI FI3187/72A patent/FI55758C/fi active
  • 1972-11-22 CH CH76874A patent/CH570126A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1972-11-22 NO NO4273/72A patent/NO130501C/no unknown
  • 1972-11-22 JP JP11763272A patent/JPS5327360B2/ja not_active Expired
  • 1972-11-22 IT IT54213/72A patent/IT988050B/it active
  • 1972-11-22 FR FR7241512A patent/FR2163008A5/fr not_active Expired
  • 1972-11-22 AT AT995672A patent/AT315052B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1972-11-22 DE DE2257317A patent/DE2257317C3/de not_active Expired
  • 1972-11-22 CH CH1702272A patent/CH558637A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1972-11-23 DK DK587072A patent/DK143834C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1972-11-23 SE SE7215279A patent/SE395346B/xx unknown

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