US3744220A - Device for imparting a twist to a flow of raw gas in a tornado flow separator - Google Patents

Device for imparting a twist to a flow of raw gas in a tornado flow separator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3744220A
US3744220A US00192142A US3744220DA US3744220A US 3744220 A US3744220 A US 3744220A US 00192142 A US00192142 A US 00192142A US 3744220D A US3744220D A US 3744220DA US 3744220 A US3744220 A US 3744220A
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Prior art keywords
inlet duct
raw gas
flow
twist
tornado
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00192142A
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English (en)
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H Klein
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C3/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex flow following a screw-thread type line remains unchanged ; Devices in which one of the two discharge ducts returns centrally through the vortex chamber, a reverse-flow vortex being prevented by bulkheads in the central discharge duct
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/02—Construction of inlets by which the vortex flow is generated, e.g. tangential admission, the fluid flow being forced to follow a downward path by spirally wound bulkheads, or with slightly downwardly-directed tangential admission
    • B04C5/04—Tangential inlets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to device for producing a twist in raw gas which is supplied into a tornado flow generator or separator to be purified therein.
  • Such tornado flow generators are usually employed for separating solid or liquid particles from gases, particularly for the removal of dust, and are formed of a cylindrical vortex chamber having a coaxial inlet duct therein for the raw gas that is located at one end of the vortex chamber and a coaxial outlet for the gas, that has been purified, located at the other end of the vortex chamber.
  • the tornado flow generator also is provided with auxiliary gas inlets disposed in the housing or wall of the vortex chamber at an inclination and opposite to the flow direction of the incoming raw gas so as to produce a tornado flow.
  • the tornado flow principle involves socalled relative forces in flowing media subjected to a rotational flow having a potential-flow component and a circulatory-flow component and resulting in vortex source and sink formation within the vortex chamber.
  • the tornado flow itself is formed of an outer, substantially helical potential circulatory flow and an inside rotational flow traveling substantially helically and in the same direction asthe potential circulatory flow, the axial flow components of the potential circulatory flow and of the inner rotational flow are in opposite directions.
  • the particles to be separated are carried radially outwardly from the inner rotational flow in direction toward the wall or housing of the vortex chamber and are removed through an annular discharge slot surrounding the axial inlet duct.
  • the tornado flow is produced on the one hand, by auxiliary gas flowing through the inlet therefor that extends tangentially to the wall or housing of the vortex chamber, and, on the other hand, by imparting a twist to the raw gas flow within the inlet duct to which it is supplied.
  • auxiliary gas flowing through the inlet therefor that extends tangentially to the wall or housing of the vortex chamber
  • imparting a twist to the raw gas flow within the inlet duct to which it is supplied It has been known heretofore to provide a twist-imparting device for producing a twist in the raw gas flow.
  • This known device is formed of spherically arched guide vanes, which extend radially outwardly from an axial flow body or streamlined guide member located in the raw gas inlet duct.
  • Such guide vanes have been found to be unsuitable for specific types of dust and particularly for separating or extracting dust of a useful nature because the contact of such useful dust with the guide vanes causes an alteration in the grain structure of the dust, especially when the dust impinges upon the leading edges of the guide vanes. Moreover, there is a danger that certain types of dust will adhere to or cake on such twist devices.
  • a tornado flow separator including a cylindrical vortex chamber defined by a cylindrical chamber wall, an inlet duct for raw gas to be purified in the separator disposed within and coaxially with the chamber at one end thereof, an outlet for gas purified in the separator located at the other end of the chamber, auxiliary gas supply inlets extending tangentially to the chamber wall in the vicinity of the purified gas outlet and being inclined with respect to the chamber wall so as to supply a flow of auxiliary gas to the chamber opposite in direction to the flow of the raw gas therein, and means defining an annular discharge gap coaxially surrounding the raw gas inlet duct for discharging from the chamber particles separated from the raw gas supplied thereto, at least one raw gas supply to be connected tangentially to the inlet duct for supplying raw gas thereto, the inlet duct having a closed lower end having a substantially conical shape.
  • the supplied raw gas flow is provided with an adequate twist due to the fact that the raw gas flow is caused to rotate along the circular inner wall of the inlet duct and emerges into the vortex chamber proper in the form of a rotational flow.
  • the substantially conical shape of the lower closed end or base of the inlet duct simultaneously facilitates the deflection of the raw gas flow so that an axial component is applied to the raw gas flow in addition to a circulatory component.
  • a rotationally symmetrical elongated flow body within the raw gas inlet duct and extending along the axis thereof.
  • the substantially conical end of the inlet duct merges directly with the flow body.
  • the gas supply tube is disposed in a plane that is perpendicular to the axis of the raw gas inlet or is connected to the inlet duct at an angle to the axis of the inlet duct and substantially parallel to the incline of thesubstantially conical end of the inlet duct.
  • annular diaphragm on the outside of the inlet duct, above the supply tubes for the raw gas.
  • nozzles for supplying additional air are provided in the inlet duct wall above the annular diaphragm, the nozzles being disposed tangentially to the cylindrical inlet duct wall and being inclined to the direction of flow of the raw gas within the inlet duct.
  • An air film or layer is thereby formed on the inner wall surface of the inlet duct so as to prevent the size or shape of the particles from becoming altered due to contact thereof with the wall surface, a feature which is of particular importance, as aforementioned, with respect to dusts or powders which provide a useful purpose.
  • FIG. 1a is a diagrammatic longitudinal sectional view of a tornado flow generator or separator provided with a flow body and with raw gas supply tubes connected tangentially with an inlet duct;
  • FIG. 1b is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of FIG. 1a taken along the line [B IB in the direction of the arrows;
  • FIG. 2 is a partial view similar to that of FIG. 1a of another embodiment of the tornado flow separator having vertically inclined raw gas supply tubes and an inlet duct having a closed conical base or end;
  • FIG. 3a is a diagrammatic longitudinal sectional view similar to part of FIG. 1a of yet another embodiment of the'tornado flow separator wherein two parallel raw gas inlet tubes are provided which extend tangentially to the inlet duct;
  • FIG. 3b is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of FIG. 3a taken along the line IIIB IlIB in the direction of the arrows;
  • FIG. 4a is a view similar to that of FIG. 3a of a further embodiment of the invention showing two additional or supplementary air nozzles provided in the wall of the inlet duct;
  • FIG. 4b is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of FIG. 4a taken'along the line IVB IVB in the direction of the arrows.
  • FIGS. 1a and lb thereof there is shown a tornado flow generator or separator having a cylindrical vortex chamber I in which an inlet duct 2 of smaller diameter is disposed coaxially therewith at a lower region thereof, as viewed in FIG. 1.
  • An outlet 3 for gas puritied in the tornado flow separator is located at an opposite end of the vortex chamber 1.
  • an upper region of the vortex chamber 1 as viewed in FIG.
  • auxiliary or secondary air supply nozzles 4 are provided extending tangentially to the cylindrical wall of the vortex chamber I and inclined so as to direct the auxiliary air flow in a direction opposite to the direction of flow of the raw gas supplied to the vortex chamber I through the inlet duct 2 and so as to produce a radially outer circulatory flow.
  • the auxiliary air supply nozzles4 are supplied with auxiliary air from a common surrounding chamber 5 and a supply line 6.
  • the inlet duct 2 has a closed lower end or base 7 and, as seen more clearly in FIG. 1b, is provided with two raw gas supply tubes 8 and 9 which extend tangentially to the wall of the inlet duct 2 and communicate through respective openings l0 and 11 with the interior of the inlet duct 2.
  • a twist is thereby applied to the incoming flow of raw gas due to the deflection thereof at the inner wall surface of the inlet duct 2 and, furthermore, due to the substantially conical surface 12 of the closed base 7 an axial component is applied to the raw gas flow.
  • a rotationally symmetrical elongated flow body or streamlined guide member 14 is disposed along the axis of the inlet duct 2, the lower part of the flow body 14 merging or joining directly with the conical end or base 12.
  • the mode of operation of the tornado flow generator of the invention as shown in FIGS. la and 1b is as follows:
  • the raw gas which flows tangentially through supply tubes 8 and 9 into the inlet duct 2, is caused to rotate and is deflected in upward direction.
  • the raw gas then traverses the vortex chamber 1 in the form of a rotational flow 13.
  • a vortex source is produced above the mouth of the raw gas inlet duct 2, which greatly aids in the precipitation or separation of the solid or liquid particles, as the case may be, that are contained or entrained in the raw gas flow.
  • the particles that are to be separated are driven radially outwardly not only due to the action of centrifugal force, but also the radial components of the drag forces of the gas flow additionally act thereon in radially outward direction, i.e., in the same direction as that in which the centrifugal force acts.
  • the removal of very small or light particles is thereby facilitated so that tornado flow generators or separators of the aforedescribed type are of particular importance for separating dusts in the fine and very fine ranges below 51.4. diameter.
  • the secondary air which is supplied through the auxiliary gas supply nozzles 4 produces circulatory flow 15 that travels substantially helically downwardly in a region adjacent the wall of the vortex chamber 1.
  • the particles hurled radially outwardly from the inner rotational flow 13 are captured by the circulatory flow 15 and carried downwardly through an annular gap or slot 17, defined by a diaphragm 16 located on the outside of the inlet duct 2 and by the inner surface of the vortex chamber wall 1, into a partially illustrated bin or bunker 18.
  • Part of the descending flow 15 branches off, at an approximate location 19, from the branch 20 thereof which flows into the bin 18 and is deflected above the raw gas inlet duct 2 toward the axis of the vortex chamber 1, so as to form a vortex sink.
  • the branched-off portion of the circulatory flow there joins the upwardly traveling rotational flow 13, thereby also increasing the twist of the inner rotational flow 13.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown another embodiment of the raw gas inlet or supply to the tornado flow separator according to the invention.
  • the lower base of the inlet duct 2 is shaped as a cone 12.
  • the raw gas supply tubes 21 extend diagonally from below into the inlet duct 2, i.e., substantially in parallel with the incline of the conical surface 12, an axial force component being applied to the resulting rotational flow merely due to the inclination of the raw gassupply tube 21, alone.
  • the gas inlets 8 and 9 communicate with the inlet duct from different sides thereof. This necessitates a rather complex branching of the supply upstream of the tornado flow generator. It is consequently also possible, as illustrated in FIGS. 3a and 3b to divide the raw. gas into two parallel supply tubes 22 and 23 at the entry thereof into the inlet duct 2, the radially inner supply tube 22 communicating with the inlet duct 2, in the given manner of the tubes 8 and 9 of FIG.
  • additional or supplementary tangential nozzles 26 and 27 upwardly inclined in the flow direction of the raw gas, are disposed, as shown in FIG. 4 above the diaphragm 16. These nozzles 26 and 27 are supplied with supplemental air from an additional annular chamber 28. In the vicinity of the wall surface of the inlet duct 2, another helically traveling flow 29 is thus formed which encloses or surrounds the inner gas flow 13, thereby preventing the particles from adhering to the inner wall surface of the inlet duct 2.
  • the inlet duct 2 and the tangential supply tubes for the raw gas With the aforedisclosed construction of the inlet duct 2 and the tangential supply tubes for the raw gas, trouble-free twisting of the raw gas is effected, and the particles contained therein do not alter their grain structure or adhere to obstructing inserts, such as conventional baffle plates.
  • the magnitude of the twist applied to the raw gas flow is variable within broad ranges.
  • a tornado flow separator including a cylindrical vortex chamber defined by a cylindrical chamber wall, an inlet duct for raw gas to be purified in the separator disposed within and coaxial with the chamber at one end thereof, an outlet for gas purified in the separator located at the other end of the chamber, auxiliary gas supply inlets extending tangentially to the chamber wall in the vicinity of the purified gas outlet and being inclined with respect to the chamber wall so as to supply a flow of auxiliary gas to the chamber opposite in direction to the flow of raw gas therein, and means defining an annular discharge gap coaxially surrounding the raw gas inlet duct for discharging from the chamber particles separated from the raw gas supplied thereto, a device for applying a twist to the raw gas supplied to the separator comprising at least one raw gas supply tube connected tangentially to the inlet duct for supplying raw gas thereto, the inlet duct having a closed lower end having a substantially conical shape.
  • Device for applying a twist to raw gas supplied to a tornado flow separator including a rotationally symmetrical elongated flow body located within the inlet duct and extending along the axis thereof.
  • Device for applying a twist to raw gas supplied to a tornado flow separator including at least two gas supply tubes extending parallel to and adjacent one another, one of said gas supply tubes being located radially outwardly from the other and partly surrounding the inlet duct, said one gas supply tube communicating with the interior of the inlet duct at a location offset from a location at which the other gas supply tube communicates with the interior of the inlet duct.
  • Device for applying a twist to raw gas supplied to a tornado flow separator including an annular diaphragm mounted on the outside of the inlet duct above said raw gas supply tube.
  • Device for applying a twist to raw gas supplied to a tornado flow separator including nozzles for supplying additional air provided in the wall of the inlet duct above said annular diaphragm, said nozzles being disposed tangentially to the inlet duct wall and being inclined to the direction of flow of the raw gas within the inlet duct.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
US00192142A 1971-07-24 1971-10-26 Device for imparting a twist to a flow of raw gas in a tornado flow separator Expired - Lifetime US3744220A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2137128A DE2137128C3 (de) 1971-07-24 1971-07-24 Vorrichtung zur Drallerzeugung in einem Drehströmungswirbler

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US (1) US3744220A (cs)
JP (1) JPS5250069Y2 (cs)
AT (1) AT321256B (cs)
CH (1) CH525714A (cs)
CS (1) CS163258B2 (cs)
DE (1) DE2137128C3 (cs)
ES (1) ES198138Y (cs)
FR (1) FR2147545A5 (cs)
GB (1) GB1358904A (cs)
HU (1) HU170072B (cs)
RO (1) RO61563A (cs)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3885931A (en) * 1972-06-12 1975-05-27 Donaldson Co Inc Vortex forming apparatus and method
US3917568A (en) * 1972-04-26 1975-11-04 Siemens Ag Rotary flow separator for fine grain particles
US3972698A (en) * 1973-08-17 1976-08-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Arrangement for energy recovery in the pure-gas outlet of a centrifugal separator
US3985526A (en) * 1976-01-08 1976-10-12 Aerodyne Development Corporation Dust collector with spaced volutes
US5096467A (en) * 1986-05-09 1992-03-17 Japan Air Curtain Company, Ltd. Artificial tornado generating mechanism and method of utilizing generated artificial tornados
US5971765A (en) * 1996-03-22 1999-10-26 Reel Efx, Inc. Method and system for generating artificial tornadoes and related vortex phenomena
US6279254B1 (en) 1998-10-26 2001-08-28 James C. Gill Fan advertising device
US6294001B1 (en) * 1996-11-19 2001-09-25 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Apparatus and a method for separating particles from hot gases
US20050115273A1 (en) * 2001-12-31 2005-06-02 Hillegonda Bakker Multistage fluid separation assembly and method
US20090178232A1 (en) * 2007-05-07 2009-07-16 Hyun Kie-Tak Dust separating apparatus of vacuum cleaner
US20090293224A1 (en) * 2007-03-16 2009-12-03 Hyun Kie-Tak Vacuum cleaner and dust separating apparatus thereof
EP2142065A1 (en) * 2007-04-12 2010-01-13 Lg Electronics Inc. Dust separating apparatus of vacuum cleaner
WO2010008325A1 (en) * 2008-07-14 2010-01-21 Metso Fiber Karlstad Ab Cyclone with improved separation of gas from gas laden liquid streams also at reduced flow volumes
GB2486910A (en) * 2010-12-30 2012-07-04 Cameron Int Corp Apparatus for controlling fluid flow
CN101708416B (zh) * 2009-11-30 2012-11-07 龙波 消除烟气中有害物质烟、粉尘、硫的设施
RU2667548C1 (ru) * 2017-07-27 2018-09-21 Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт молочной промышленности (ФГБНУ "ВНИМИ") Способ дисперсно-жидкостной очистки газов в поле центробежных сил и устройство для его осуществления

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS49107448A (cs) * 1973-02-15 1974-10-12
JPS5465628U (cs) * 1977-10-18 1979-05-10
JPS59190307U (ja) * 1983-06-01 1984-12-17 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 気泡除去装置
DE3520032A1 (de) * 1985-06-04 1986-12-04 Istvàn Oberwil Majoros Vorrichtung zum umwandeln einer fluidstroemung
DE3523571C1 (de) * 1985-07-02 1986-11-20 Carl Still Gmbh & Co Kg, 4350 Recklinghausen Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entstaubung von mit Feststoffen beladenen heißen Gasen
DE4434038A1 (de) * 1994-09-23 1996-03-28 Voest Alpine Krems Finaltech Vorrichtung zum Abtrennen wenigstens eines Stoffes aus einem Medium
DE29621183U1 (de) * 1996-12-06 1997-02-20 Eder Gmbh Maschfab Franz Vorrichtung zum Abscheiden von Flüssigkeiten und/oder Feststoffen oder Gasen mit anderem spezifischem Gewicht aus einem Gasstrom
IT1393821B1 (it) * 2009-04-20 2012-05-11 Progettazioni Innovative Di Gandinil & C S A S Aspiratore a ciclone
US20120302420A1 (en) * 2009-12-15 2012-11-29 Basf Se Centrifugal droplet separator for separating liquid droplets out of a feed gas stream comprising them
CN106000665A (zh) * 2016-05-31 2016-10-12 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 一种双进口水力旋流分离器
WO2022228938A1 (de) 2021-04-26 2022-11-03 Basf Se Vorrichtung und verfahren zum abscheiden von flüssigkeitstropfen aus einem gasstrom mittels eines zentrifugaltropfenabscheiders

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2320345A (en) * 1939-11-22 1943-06-01 Foster Wheeler Corp Apparatus for the separation of fluids
US3358844A (en) * 1965-08-17 1967-12-19 Siemens Ag Device for increasing the total amount of separation of a vortex separator

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2320345A (en) * 1939-11-22 1943-06-01 Foster Wheeler Corp Apparatus for the separation of fluids
US3358844A (en) * 1965-08-17 1967-12-19 Siemens Ag Device for increasing the total amount of separation of a vortex separator

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3917568A (en) * 1972-04-26 1975-11-04 Siemens Ag Rotary flow separator for fine grain particles
US3885931A (en) * 1972-06-12 1975-05-27 Donaldson Co Inc Vortex forming apparatus and method
US3972698A (en) * 1973-08-17 1976-08-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Arrangement for energy recovery in the pure-gas outlet of a centrifugal separator
US3985526A (en) * 1976-01-08 1976-10-12 Aerodyne Development Corporation Dust collector with spaced volutes
US5096467A (en) * 1986-05-09 1992-03-17 Japan Air Curtain Company, Ltd. Artificial tornado generating mechanism and method of utilizing generated artificial tornados
US5971765A (en) * 1996-03-22 1999-10-26 Reel Efx, Inc. Method and system for generating artificial tornadoes and related vortex phenomena
US6294001B1 (en) * 1996-11-19 2001-09-25 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Apparatus and a method for separating particles from hot gases
US6279254B1 (en) 1998-10-26 2001-08-28 James C. Gill Fan advertising device
US20050115273A1 (en) * 2001-12-31 2005-06-02 Hillegonda Bakker Multistage fluid separation assembly and method
US20090293224A1 (en) * 2007-03-16 2009-12-03 Hyun Kie-Tak Vacuum cleaner and dust separating apparatus thereof
US8316507B2 (en) 2007-03-16 2012-11-27 Lg Electronics Inc. Vacuum cleaner and dust separating apparatus thereof
EP2142065A4 (en) * 2007-04-12 2011-07-06 Lg Electronics Inc DUST REMOVAL DEVICE FOR A VACUUM CLEANER
EP2142065A1 (en) * 2007-04-12 2010-01-13 Lg Electronics Inc. Dust separating apparatus of vacuum cleaner
US8302252B2 (en) 2007-05-07 2012-11-06 Lg Electronics Inc. Dust separating apparatus of vacuum cleaner
US20090178232A1 (en) * 2007-05-07 2009-07-16 Hyun Kie-Tak Dust separating apparatus of vacuum cleaner
US20110185894A1 (en) * 2008-07-14 2011-08-04 Krister Olsson Cyclone with improved separation of gas from gas laden liquid streams also at reduced flow volumes
WO2010008325A1 (en) * 2008-07-14 2010-01-21 Metso Fiber Karlstad Ab Cyclone with improved separation of gas from gas laden liquid streams also at reduced flow volumes
US8366802B2 (en) * 2008-07-14 2013-02-05 Metso Paper Sweden Ab Cyclone with improved separation of gas from gas laden liquid streams also at reduced flow volumes
CN101708416B (zh) * 2009-11-30 2012-11-07 龙波 消除烟气中有害物质烟、粉尘、硫的设施
GB2486910A (en) * 2010-12-30 2012-07-04 Cameron Int Corp Apparatus for controlling fluid flow
GB2486910B (en) * 2010-12-30 2014-05-14 Cameron Int Corp Apparatus and method for fluid separation
NO340879B1 (no) * 2010-12-30 2017-07-03 Cameron Int Corp Apparatur for fluidseparasjon, og brønnhodeinstallasjon
RU2667548C1 (ru) * 2017-07-27 2018-09-21 Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт молочной промышленности (ФГБНУ "ВНИМИ") Способ дисперсно-жидкостной очистки газов в поле центробежных сил и устройство для его осуществления

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5110677U (cs) 1976-01-26
AT321256B (de) 1975-03-25
CH525714A (de) 1972-07-31
RO61563A (cs) 1977-03-15
JPS5250069Y2 (cs) 1977-11-14
ES198138Y (es) 1975-10-16
FR2147545A5 (cs) 1973-03-09
GB1358904A (en) 1974-07-03
HU170072B (cs) 1977-03-28
CS163258B2 (cs) 1975-08-29
DE2137128A1 (de) 1973-02-08
ES198138U (es) 1975-05-16
DE2137128B2 (de) 1978-02-09
DE2137128C3 (de) 1978-10-05

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