US3742482A - Method and apparatus for generating a traveling display - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for generating a traveling display Download PDF

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Publication number
US3742482A
US3742482A US00178690A US3742482DA US3742482A US 3742482 A US3742482 A US 3742482A US 00178690 A US00178690 A US 00178690A US 3742482D A US3742482D A US 3742482DA US 3742482 A US3742482 A US 3742482A
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characters
display
character
memory
address
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US00178690A
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F Albrecht
S Grosky
W Baxter
R Duggan
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Bunker Ramo Corp
Honeywell International Inc
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Bunker Ramo Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G1/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with cathode-ray tube indicators; General aspects or details, e.g. selection emphasis on particular characters, dashed line or dotted line generation; Preprocessing of data
    • G09G1/06—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with cathode-ray tube indicators; General aspects or details, e.g. selection emphasis on particular characters, dashed line or dotted line generation; Preprocessing of data using single beam tubes, e.g. three-dimensional or perspective representation, rotation or translation of display pattern, hidden lines, shadows
    • G09G1/14—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with cathode-ray tube indicators; General aspects or details, e.g. selection emphasis on particular characters, dashed line or dotted line generation; Preprocessing of data using single beam tubes, e.g. three-dimensional or perspective representation, rotation or translation of display pattern, hidden lines, shadows the beam tracing a pattern independent of the information to be displayed, this latter determining the parts of the pattern rendered respectively visible and invisible
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G1/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with cathode-ray tube indicators; General aspects or details, e.g. selection emphasis on particular characters, dashed line or dotted line generation; Preprocessing of data
    • G09G1/02—Storage circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G1/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with cathode-ray tube indicators; General aspects or details, e.g. selection emphasis on particular characters, dashed line or dotted line generation; Preprocessing of data
    • G09G1/04—Deflection circuits ; Constructional details not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method and apparatus for generating traveling display on a cyclically scanned electronic display device such as a cathode ray tube (CRT).
  • the characters to be displayed are stored in a memory means with space being provided in the memory for a'number of buffer characters waiting to be displayed.
  • a determination is [52] 340/324 A 340/154 340/1725 made of the number of buffer characters then awaiting [51] Illl. Cl... G06I 3/14 display.
  • Each character is formed from a plurality of 5 81 a of Search 340/324 strokes.
  • the display is shifted left by a selected number of character strokes for each display cycle.
  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for generating a traveling display and more particularly to the generating of a traveling display on acyclically scanned electronic display device such as a cathode ray tube (CRT).
  • acyclically scanned electronic display device such as a cathode ray tube (CRT).
  • Traveling displays are normally utilized to display various types of information such as advertising material, newswines or stock market prices.
  • the later application is commonly referred to as a stock market ticker display.
  • traveling signs are of two general types.
  • characters are either mechanically or electrically formed in a character generator and are then physically moved by a belt or similar device past a viewing area.
  • This type of display includes the projection ticker where a moving tape having printing thereon is projected on a screen.
  • a matrix of lamps is provided with characters being stepped from column to column on the lamps in response to timed strobe pulses. Between strobe pulses, the information is either stored within the lamps themselves, where gas discharge or other lamps having storage capability are utilized, or a separate storage device may be provided with each lamp.
  • Displays of the type indicated above are relatively large and expensive and generally require frequent maintenance. They are also relatively inflexible being adapted only for traveling display applications. There are applications where it is desired to display traveling information such as, for example, stock market ticker or newswine, on a general purpose display device such as a CRT. The ability to do this permits this information to be provided as part of a total information system rather than as a separate item and generally provides a lower cost, more reliable, and more flexible display.
  • a control system must be provided to store the information to be displayed and to provide the simulated movement.
  • the display In order to achieve an esthetically pleasing display, the display should appear to be moving at a fairly uniform rate.
  • devices of this type are normally adapted to receive character information from a memory and to feed this information through a character generator to obtain a full character on the display. Shifting the information in full character steps would, however, give the display an unpleasant jerking appearance. A requirement therefore exists for providing a means to shift the information in partial character segments across the CRT screen so as to provide a smooth data flow.
  • the rate in which information is recieved may not necessarily be uniform.
  • the rates at which information moves across the display must vary as the input data rate varies. A cotnrol must thus be provided for varying the rate at which information is shifted.
  • a more specific object of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for permitting characters to be advanced across a display of the type indicated above in small steps of less than a full character each.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for advancing information across a display of the type indicated above at a rate whichvaries as a function of the rate at which input data is recieved.
  • GENERAL DESCRIPTION for indicating the starting address of the first predetermined number of characters (i.e. the characters being displayed) and a second means is provided for indicating the address at which a new buffered character is to be stored.
  • a means which'is operative at a predetermined time in each cycle of the display'device, such as for example during frame retrace, utilizes at least one of the indicatingmeans to determine the number of buffered characters waiting to-be displayed and increments the address indicated in -the first indicating means by an amount which is dependent on the determined number.
  • the first predetermined number of characters is read out from the memory means by a suitable means, starting at the address indicated in the first indicating mean to control the display on the display device.
  • the address incremented in the first indieating means is a column or stroke address
  • means are provided responsive to the column address in the first indicating means for controlling the number of columns of the character indicated by the first indicating means which are displayed, then the desired shifting in small incremental steps is achieved.
  • the desired rate control of the traveling sign dependent uon the input data rate is achieved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a display which might be obtained utilizing the invenition.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a portion of the display shown in FIG. 2 one display cycle time later
  • FIG. 4 is a memory map illustrating the positions in which the characters shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are stored for display.
  • FIG. 2 shows the face of a cathode ray tube (CRT) on which is displayed, at the top of the screen, the New York Stock Exchange ticker and the American Stock Exchange ticker. In the middle portionof the screen additional stock market related data is displayed and in the lower portion of the screen a newswire appears.
  • CTR cathode ray tube
  • a display device which for purposes of the following discussion will be assumed to be a CRT adapted to display information such as that shown in FIG. 2.
  • the CRT is cyclically refreshed with a raster pattern which is made up of, for example, 24 full lines each of which is made up of a plurality of strokes. Characters are formed by selectively intensifying some combination of seven index points on each of five strokes.
  • Synchronizing pulses are applied through'a line 11, OR gate 16 and line 18 to display 10 to control the various ramp generators. Stroke and line sync pulses generated by a sync pulse source 12 are applied directly to line 11 while the horizontal-sync pulses from source 12 are applied to line 1 1 through variable delay 14. The function of delay 14 will be described later.
  • the sync pulses are generated under the control of clocks on line 20, and a signal on line 21 indicating that it is the sync pulses for a ticker display which are required.
  • the clock signals on lines 20 and at other points in the circuit are derived from a clock source 22.
  • This circuit generates outputs to indicate the bit, stroke, character and line count for the raster on display 10 at each instant of time as well as providing various clocks to control the reading and writing of information from random access memory 24.
  • no attempt has been made to connect the outputs from clock source 22 to the various points in the circuit at which they are utilized.
  • the video code for the characters to be displayed on device 10 is obtained from character generator 26 through OR gate 16 and line 18.
  • the input to character generator 26 is output line 28 from memory 24.
  • memory 24 is a large random access memory which may, for example, be a magnetic core matrix array.
  • Various segments of this memory store information of various types for display on one or more display devices 10. For purposes of the present discussion only the portion of memory 24 which contains NYSE ticker information will be considered. New information is stored in memory 24 over line 30 from input buffer register 32.
  • the input to this register is NYSE ticker line 34.
  • a signal is applied through line 38 to one input of AND- gate 40.
  • the other input to AND gate 40 is a clock line 42.
  • information is read out of memory 24 in synchronism with the tracing of the characters on display device 10. Since the memory access speed is many times greater than the rate at which characters are refreshed by the CRT raster, one or more memory cycles are available for writing information into the memory between each read-out cycle. Signals appear on clock line 42 during times when the memory is available to be written into.
  • a second input to circuit 46 is derived from input address counter 48.
  • This counter contains the address in memory 24 at which the next ticker character is to be stored.
  • the stock ID portion of the ticker input is stored in a different segment of memory from the price and volume indications. The reason for this is that these items are displayed a half-line apart on the display and are therefore formed on different horizontal lines of the display. More will be said on this point later in conjunction with the description of memory read-out.
  • an indication must also be applied to circuit 46 of the segment. This information is obtained over line 49 from ident-price volume detector 51.
  • Detector 51 may, for example, be a flip flop which is set by a signal on line 38 when the character in register 32 is indicated by a bit therein as being an indent character and is reset by a signal on line 38 if the bit is not present.
  • Circuit 46 thus controls the character address in memory 24 at which the character on line 30 is stored.
  • the signal on load line 44 is also applied to increment the address in counter 48 so that the next character received will be stored in a proper character position in the appropriate segment.
  • each segment of the memory 24 shown in FIG. 4 contains 56 character address positions.
  • a character may appear in the character position having a given number in only one of the segments.
  • characters appear in character positions 4, 5 and 6 of segment 1 and in 7-12 of segment 2.
  • a single register or counter may be utilized to indicate the character position at which the display starts. This information is contained in display address counter 50 (FIG.
  • This register contains both a character address and a stroke address.
  • the character portion of the address is applied through line 52 as the starting address input to read-out control circuit 54.
  • the character position indicated in counter 50 would be character position 4.
  • the S in character position 4 of segment 1 would be read-out.
  • the I in character position 5 would be read-out and so on.
  • character times 4-9 when character positions 7-12 are being accessed no character or blank characters would be read-out and, as may be seen in FIG. 2, blank spaces would appear on the display during these character times.
  • the read-out from memory segment 1 would continue under control of the clock signals on line 56 until character position 51 is reached at which time all 48 characters to be displayed will have been read-out.
  • AND gate 72 is clock line 74 which has a signal applied to it for each frame retrace clock except the first.
  • AND gate 72 is fully conditioned to generate an output on line 76 which increments the count in counter 66 to 3 and decrements the count in buffer counter 62 to 7.
  • AND gate 72 is still conditioned when the FR 3 clock pulse is applied to AND gate 72.
  • the resulting output on line 76 is operative to increments counter 66 to a count of 4 and to decrement the count in counter 62 to 6.
  • the character counts in counters 50 and 56 now match removing the mis-match signal from line 70 to prevent further changes in the counts in counters 66 and 62 and causing a signal to appearon match line 78 from compare circuit 68.
  • the signal on line 78 conditions gate 80 to pass the count in counter 62 to 'a bank of detectors 82-85.
  • detector 85 Since the count in buffer counter 62 is 6, detector 85 is energized .by the output on line from gate 80 to generate an output on line 91 which is applied to set shift 2 flip flop 92 to its one state and through OR gate 94 to reset shift I flip flop 96.to its zero state.
  • One-side output line 98 from flip flop 92 is connected as one of the inputs to AND gate 100.
  • N of frame retrace which for the embodiment of the invention indicated above could be clock time FR 10 or some clock time thereafter, a signal appears on line 102 fully conditioning AND gate to generate an output on line 104 which is applied to increment the stroke portion of the address in display address counter 50 by two.
  • Output line 106 from the stoke portion of counter 50 is connected as a control input to variable delay 14.
  • Delay 14 also has an input on line 107 which permits the variable delay function to be performed only when a line 1, 1.5 or 2 of a ticker segment is being terminated.
  • variable delay 14 To understand the function of variable delay 14, refer now to FIG. 3. From this figure it is seen that line 1 of the display is only 8 characters long. At the end of this line a horizontal sync or horizontal retrace pulse is generated by source 12. This pulse is delayed by delay read-out from from memory 24. Thus, the read-out memory 24 is twostrokes out of phase with the display, or in other words, the display is two stroke positions to the left of where the circuit clock indicates it is. Thus, an effective two stroke shift operation is performed. The effect of this two stroke shift left operation is shown in FlG. 3. Similarly, the horizontal retrace sync pulse at the end of line 15 is also delayed by two strokes in circuit 14. However, since this character position, character position 52, is blank for line 1.5, nothing is displayed during these strokes.
  • buffer counter 62 will be stepped down to a count of one before a match is detected in comparitor 68 and detector 83 will thus be energized to generate an output on line 116.
  • the signal on line 116 is applied through OR gate 118 and line 120 to set shift 1 flip flop 96 to its one state, and through OR gate 122 and line 124 to reset flip flop 92 to its zero state.
  • the count in input address counter 48 is suitably incremented. It should be noted that since the characters stored in character positions 4-9 of the memory are no longer being utilized for display, these characters may now be written over. Assume that four or less characters are in the buffer after the input data is received. Under these conditions, at the end of the frame during which the new data was received, the buffer counter is decremented to a count between one and four before a match is detected. Detector 84 is thus energized to generate an output on line 110.
  • flip flop 92 Since flip flop 92 is now reset generating an output on line 114, AND gate 112 is fully conditioned to generate an output'which is applied through OR gate 118 to set flip flop 96 to its 1 state.
  • the circuit thus starts shifting by one or continues shifting by one in a manner previously indicated. If more characters are received while the shift-1 flip flop is set, so that the total number of characters in the buffer portion of memory is 5 or greater, then shift-2 flip flop 92 is set and the rate at which characters are shifted across the screen increased.
  • a system has thus been provided which permits characters to be shifted across the face of a cathode ray tube or similar display device in relatively small steps so as to give the appearance of a smooth flow of data aross the screen.
  • the system is.also capable of varying the rate of which characters are shifted across the screen depending on the rate at which input characters are received.
  • cathode ray tube display device While for the preferred embodiment of the invention, a cathode ray tube display device has been specified, it is apparent that the teachings of this invention could be utilized with any display device which is cyclically energized. Further, the particular type of memory utilized is not critical, provided it is capable of performing the required functions. The manner in which information I is stored and read out from memory 24 may also vary.
  • ticker line 34 may be applied first to a processing unit which performs various operations on the information before storing it in memory 24.
  • detectors 36 and 51 would be dispensed with and the information provided by these detectors would be derived directly from the processing unit.
  • the stroke shifting is accomplished by delaying the display, what is required is that a change be effected in the synchronization between the display raster and the clock controlling memory read-out.
  • the shift could also be effected 'by delaying or otherwise altering the clock signals utilized for memory read-out.
  • the particular method utilized for determining the number of buffer characters awaiting display and the buffer character counts at which changes in the shift rate occur may also be altered while still remaining within the scope of the invention.
  • the number of strokes by which shifting occurs during each retrace cycle may also be increased to three or more for applications where information is being more rapidly received.
  • line 18 has been shown as being connected to a single display device 10, it is apparent that this line could be connected to cause the same display to simultaneously appear on a number of display devices.
  • the information in portion 24 may be displayed in different ones of the display segments. Shown in FIG. 2 on different ones of the devices (see beforementioned copending appliclation Ser. No. 178,728).
  • a circuit for generating a traveling display comprising:
  • a display device which is cyclically scanned; an addressable memory means, said memory means having addressable positions for storing a first predetermined number of characters being displayed and addressable positions adapted to store up to a 10 second predetermined number of buffered characters waiting to be displayed; means for indicating the starting address of said first predetermined number of characters; means operative at a predetermined time in each cycle of said display device for determining the number of said buffered characters waiting to be displayed and for incrementing the address indicated'by said indicating means by'an amount which is dependent on said determined number; and means for reading out the first predetermined number of characters from said memory means in a predetermined sequence, starting at the address indicated by said indicating means, to control the display on said display device.
  • said number of buffered character indication generating means includes means responsive to a mismatch in said comparing means for incrementing the count in said new buffered character address indicating means, and means for determining the number of times said address must be incremented before a match is detected in said comparing means, said number serving as an indication of said number of buffered characters.
  • discrete amount by which an address is incremented may vary for a given number of buffered characters depending on the previous history of the number of buffered character determination.
  • each character to be refreshed on a display device is stored in said memory means as one of said first predetermined number of characters and is read out in synchronism with the refresh of the character to control the refresh thereof.
  • said memory includes separately identifiable areas for storing characters to be displayed on each of said lines;
  • the address indicated in said starting address indicating means may be in the area of memory for either of said lines depending on which area is storing a character at the indicated address.
  • the address incremented in said indicating means is a column address; and including means responsive to the column in said indicating means for controlling the number of columns of the character at the address indicated by said indicating means which are displayed. eadoout means and the diplay 9.
  • said characters reading out means reads characters out in synchronism with the display of said characters on said display device;
  • said number of columns controlling means includes means for altering the synchronism between said read out means and the display by the time required to form a number of columns equal to the amount by which said column address is incremented.
  • said number of columns controlling means includes means for eliminaing a number of columns equal to the number by which said column address is incremented from the beginning of the display, adding said number of columns to characters at the end of the display, and shifting the remaining characters of the display in the direction of the beginning of the display by said number of columns.
  • said memory reading out means reads characters out of said memory in synchronism with the raster pattern reaching the points on the .CRT where the characters are to be displayed;
  • said columns controlling means includes means for altering the timing of the raster to delay line retrace by a time equal to the trace time of the columns indicated by said column address, whereby the cynchronism between said memory and raster is altered.
  • a method for generating a traveling display on a cyclically scanned display device comprising the steps storing in an addressable memory means a first predetermined number of characters being displayed and a second predetermined number of characters waiting to be displayed;
  • a method of the type described in claim 12 including the steps of indicating the address at which a.
  • a circuit for generating a traveling ticker display on a cathode ray tube (CRT) having a display screen which is cyclically refreshed, characters being formed on said screen by selectively intensifying spots on a selected number of vertical strokes comprising: a memory having an area for storing stock l.D.
  • a circuit of the type described in claim 14 wherein said means operative during each succeeding refresh cycle includes means for altering the synchronism between the reading out of information from said memory and the refresh of characters on said CRT by the time required for said CRT to form said number of strokes.
  • said synchronism altering means includes means for altering the timing of the CRT raster to delay line retrace by said time required to form said number of strokes.
  • a circuit of the type described in claim 16 including means for generating an extra horizontal scan of said screen before said first horizontal scan and an extra horizontal scan of said screen after said second horizontal scan, the first extra scan having said numberof strokes added after the last characters of its raster, and the second extra scan having said number of strokes subtracted from its first character raster, whereby raster synchronism is reestablished.
  • a circuit of the type described in claim 14 wherein there are a plurality of buffer charater storing positions in each of said areas of memory;

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US00178690A 1971-09-08 1971-09-08 Method and apparatus for generating a traveling display Expired - Lifetime US3742482A (en)

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US3827041A (en) * 1973-08-14 1974-07-30 Teletype Corp Display apparatus with visual segment indicia
US3913089A (en) * 1973-07-27 1975-10-14 Bunker Ramo Method and apparatus for generating a traveling display
US4014017A (en) * 1975-08-13 1977-03-22 Sperry Rand Corporation System for editing characters
US4104624A (en) * 1975-12-29 1978-08-01 Hitachi, Ltd. Microprocessor controlled CRT display system
US4107664A (en) * 1976-07-06 1978-08-15 Burroughs Corporation Raster scanned display system
US4196430A (en) * 1977-01-21 1980-04-01 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. Roll-up method for a display unit
US4204206A (en) * 1977-08-30 1980-05-20 Harris Corporation Video display system
US4278973A (en) * 1978-10-02 1981-07-14 International Business Machines Corporation Video display terminal with partitioned screen
US4284988A (en) * 1977-09-26 1981-08-18 Burroughs Corporation Control means to provide slow scrolling positioning and spacing in a digital video display system
US4441104A (en) * 1981-12-31 1984-04-03 Mattel, Inc. Graphic effects generator
US4442495A (en) * 1980-02-27 1984-04-10 Cadtrak Corporation Real time toroidal pan
US4470042A (en) * 1981-03-06 1984-09-04 Allen-Bradley Company System for displaying graphic and alphanumeric data
US4491834A (en) * 1980-09-22 1985-01-01 Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. Display controlling apparatus
US4517654A (en) * 1982-08-09 1985-05-14 Igt Video processing architecture
US5125671A (en) * 1982-12-22 1992-06-30 Ricoh Co., Ltd. T.V. game system having reduced memory needs
US5454104A (en) * 1993-02-25 1995-09-26 Steidlmayer Software, Inc. Financial data event flow analysis system with study conductor display
US5708453A (en) * 1995-02-28 1998-01-13 Sony Corporation Ramp signal producing method, ramp signal producing apparatus, and liquid crystal drive/display apparatus

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DE102013202447B4 (de) * 2013-02-14 2015-12-24 Technisat Digital Gmbh Verfahren zum Empfangen und Anzeigen einer Textinformation mit einer Rundfunkempfangseinrichtung

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3913089A (en) * 1973-07-27 1975-10-14 Bunker Ramo Method and apparatus for generating a traveling display
US3827041A (en) * 1973-08-14 1974-07-30 Teletype Corp Display apparatus with visual segment indicia
US4014017A (en) * 1975-08-13 1977-03-22 Sperry Rand Corporation System for editing characters
US4104624A (en) * 1975-12-29 1978-08-01 Hitachi, Ltd. Microprocessor controlled CRT display system
US4107664A (en) * 1976-07-06 1978-08-15 Burroughs Corporation Raster scanned display system
US4196430A (en) * 1977-01-21 1980-04-01 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. Roll-up method for a display unit
US4204206A (en) * 1977-08-30 1980-05-20 Harris Corporation Video display system
US4284988A (en) * 1977-09-26 1981-08-18 Burroughs Corporation Control means to provide slow scrolling positioning and spacing in a digital video display system
US4278973A (en) * 1978-10-02 1981-07-14 International Business Machines Corporation Video display terminal with partitioned screen
US4442495A (en) * 1980-02-27 1984-04-10 Cadtrak Corporation Real time toroidal pan
US4491834A (en) * 1980-09-22 1985-01-01 Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. Display controlling apparatus
US4470042A (en) * 1981-03-06 1984-09-04 Allen-Bradley Company System for displaying graphic and alphanumeric data
US4441104A (en) * 1981-12-31 1984-04-03 Mattel, Inc. Graphic effects generator
US4517654A (en) * 1982-08-09 1985-05-14 Igt Video processing architecture
US5125671A (en) * 1982-12-22 1992-06-30 Ricoh Co., Ltd. T.V. game system having reduced memory needs
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Also Published As

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JPS4838032A (https=) 1973-06-05
FR2151819A5 (https=) 1973-04-20
GB1395922A (en) 1975-05-29
CA1017882A (en) 1977-09-20
DE2226312A1 (de) 1973-03-15

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