US3741313A - Power operated impact wrench or screwdriver - Google Patents

Power operated impact wrench or screwdriver Download PDF

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Publication number
US3741313A
US3741313A US00160606A US3741313DA US3741313A US 3741313 A US3741313 A US 3741313A US 00160606 A US00160606 A US 00160606A US 3741313D A US3741313D A US 3741313DA US 3741313 A US3741313 A US 3741313A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
inertia
hammer
tool
power
torque
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00160606A
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English (en)
Inventor
R States
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Compressors and Tools Ltd
Original Assignee
Desoutter Brothers Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Desoutter Brothers Ltd filed Critical Desoutter Brothers Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3741313A publication Critical patent/US3741313A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/145—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for fluid operated wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/1453—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for fluid operated wrenches or screwdrivers for impact wrenches or screwdrivers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to portable power operated impact wrenches, screwdrivers and like rotary impact tools of the kind comprising relatively movable anvil and hammer members with means for automatically causing them to become engaged and disengaged as required in the operationof the tool, and is an improvement in or modification of the invention described and claimed in the specification of British Pat. No.
  • inertia means coupled to the hammer member by resilient means in such manner that, at values of torque below a predetermined value, the inertia means is constrained by the resilient means from moving relative to the hammer means, while at the predetermined value of torque the inertia means moves relative to the hammer means and thereby acts upon the said automatic means to increase the amount of disengagement movement of the members and operates control means to interrupt a supply of power to the tool.
  • the spring means for applying pressure of predetermined value to the inertia member is a torsion cylinder with axial slots in the wall thereof, and it has been found that the torsion cylinder is difficult and expensive to manufacture, and it is therefore proposed to provide for a linear motion of the inertia means instead of a rotary motion, thereby making it possible to use a spring which operates in a rectilinear manner instead of using a torsion spring.
  • the invention consists'in a power-operated impact wrench, screwdriver, or like rotary tool as claimed in our British Pat. specification No. 1180771, characterized in that the inertia means is supported upon and moves axially of the hammer member to operate control means to interrupt the supply of power to the tool.
  • the invention further consists in a power-operated tool as set forth in the preceding paragraph in which the inertia means is urged in a direction of the hammers by the resilient means to rest upon an abutment at values of torque below a predetermined value, while at the predetermined value of torque the inertia means moves away from the abutment against the action of the spring by cam means upon the hammer member and the inertia means.
  • the invention still further consists in a poweroperated tool as set forth in the preceding paragraph in which the cam means acts to move the inertia means relative to the hammer member due to relative rotational movement of the inertia means and the hammer member at the instance of impact of the hammers upon the anvils.
  • the invention still further consists in a poweroperated tool as set forth in the preceding paragraph in which the cam means comprises ramped surfaces upon the inertia means and the hammer member and a ball between and resting upon the ramp surfaces.
  • the invention still further consists in a poweroperated tool as set forth above in which the resilient means is adjustable to vary the maximum torque developed by the tool.
  • FIG. 1 is a part longitudinal section part elevation of the tool
  • FIG. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a section on the line 3--3 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a section on the line 4-4 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a section on the line 55 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 6 is a section on the line 6-6 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 7 is a side elevation of the junction between a relative longitudinal moving parts of the hammer member.
  • the tool illustrated is of the pistol grip type, and comprises a motor portion 1, a gear portion 2, a torque control and a hammer and anvil portion 3, a head portion 4 and a pistol grip portion 5.
  • the motor 6 is of the pneumatic vane type and is of conventional design, the shaft 7 of which is supported in bearings 8 and 9.
  • the shaft 7 drives the planetary gears 10, the output of which drives the shaft 11 at a reduced speed by way of the enlarged part 12 of the shaft 1 l.
  • the passage of air from a flexible hose connected to the connector 13 in the pistol grip portion 5 is controlled by a master valve 14, and passes up the passage 15 to forward direction of push button control valve 16 and a reverse direction push button control valve 17, from whence the air passes by channels, not shown, to the appropriate parts of the motor 6, to drive it in either direction.
  • a passage 18 connected at the upper end to a pressure release valve 19, and at its lower end to the valve 14, and also to the rear of the valve 16 by the passage 20.
  • the tool holder 22 in the head portion 4 of the tool is adapted to receive a wrench, screwdriver or other rotary tool, and is held for rotation in a bearing 23 in the outer casing 24, and is provided with an axial bore which receives the end 25 of the shaft 11, and is provided with a thrust ball 26.
  • the tool holder 22 has a pair of anvils 27 (see also FIG. 2) formed integral therewith, which are rotatable intermittently when struck by the continually rotating hammers 28.
  • the hammer members are for convenience of manufacture constructed in two parts, the outer ring 29 carrying the hammers 28, located longitudinally on the inner ring 30 by the balls 40, but free to move circumferentially thereon for a purpose to be described later.
  • the inner surface of the inner ring 30 is provided with spiral ramped surfaces which are engaged by a pair of balls 31, which also engage in grooves in the surface of the shaft 11, so that, when the hammers 28 are retarded by the anvils 27, the shaft 111, which is continually rotating urges the balls to roll up the ramps upon the inner ring 30 and urge the latter in an axial direction of the shaft 11, to compress the helical spring 32, thereby allowing the hammers 28 to become disengaged from the anvils 27, to pass over them and then re-enter between the anvils to repeat the cycle of operanon.
  • the ramps on the inner ring 30 and the grooves in the shaft 11 are of a V-shape in elevation, and therefore symmetrical about a plane passing through the axis of rotation, and the hammering cycle therefore takes place in a similar manner in either direction of rotation of the tool.
  • an inertia cylinder 33 is keyed to the inner ring 30 by the keys 34 in the keyway 35, and seeing that they make a sliding fit therein, the inertia cylinder 33 can move longitudinally against the action of the dished annular springs 36, but is unable to move circumferentially in relation to the inner ring 30.
  • the opposed, faces of the ends of the outer ring 29 and the inertia cylinder 33 are provided with conical depressions 37, which each house a ball 38, so that, at the instant the hammers strike the anvils, the outer ring 29 is caused to rotate around the inner cylinder 30 to a few degrees and due to the action of the balls 38 moves the inertia cylinder 33 longitudinally to the inner cylinder 30 and compresses the spring 36.
  • the energy used in compressing springs 36 is returned by their resilience and the rebound causes the hammer member to move a greater distance longitudinally than would be the case for torques below the predetermined maximum torque.
  • the mass of the inertia cylinder and the strength of the springs are chosen to fall within the desired range of maximum torques to be developed by the tool.
  • the abutment member 39 is movable longitudinally at the inner ring 30 to vary the compression of the springs 36 by means of a bevel-toothed wheel 41 having a screw threaded axial bore 42 on a screw thread on an extension 43 of the inner ring 40.
  • the casing 24 is provided with a bore 44 through which a tool 45 may be passed and engaged with the teeth on the toothed wheel 41 to rotate it.
  • the tool is provided with a projection which engages with a small bore 46 in the abutment member 39.
  • the abutment member 39 is prevented from rotating on the extension 43 of the inner ring 29 by a key 48, but which allows longitudinal movement when the value of torque is adjusted.
  • the toothed wheel is locked at each setting by an arcuate spring 49, which is engaged to release it by pressure upon the tool 45 engaged in the bore 47.
  • the bore 44 for the tool is closed by a screw threaded plug 50 when not in use.
  • the rear end of the extension 43 of the inner ring 30 is provided with an abutment 51 which engages the end of the rod 21 when the inner ring oscillates longitudinally the extra amount caused by the torque reaching the predetermined level of torque, and pressing upon the ball 19 opens the valve and stops the motor.
  • the torque control means only operates in the one direction of rotation, for example, when tightening up a nut, or screw, as it is not necessary when the tool rtates in the opposite direction to release a nut or remove a screw.
  • the tool is relatively simple in form and has few moving parts, which renders it robust, and that the degree of torque applied by the tool is readily adjustable as to its maximum value.
  • a power-operated impact wrench, screwdriver or like rotary tool of the kind comprising relatively movable hammer and anvil members with means for automatically causing them to become engaged and disengaged cyclically, and in which there is provided inertia means coupled to the hammer member by resilient means in such manner that, at values of torque below a predetermined value, the inertia means is constrained by the resilient means from moving relative to the hammer means, while at the predetermined value of torque the inertia means moves relative to the hammer means and thereby acts upon the said automatic means to increase the amount of disengagement movement of the members and operates control means to interrupt a supply of power to the tool, the improvement comprising in that at the values of torque below the said predetermined value, the inertia means rests against the hammer member under the action of the resilient means, while at the predetennined value of torque, the inertia mans moves away from the hammer member against the action of the resilient means to increase the amount of
  • a power-operated tool as claimed in claim 1 in which the hammer member is provided with an abutment against which the inertia member rests, while the resilient means is a spring which urges the inertia means against the abutment at values of torque below the said predetermined value, while at the predetermined value of torque the inertia means moves away from the abutment by cam means upon the hammer member and the inertia means.
  • a power-operated tool as claimed in claim 2 in which the cam means acts to move the inertia means away from the hammer member due to relative rotational movement of the hammer member and the inertia means at the instant of impact of the hammers upon the anvils.
  • cam means comprises ramped surfaces upon the inertia means and the hammer member, and a ball between and resting upon the ramped surfaces.
  • a power-operated tool as claimed in claim 5 in which the dished annular ring remote from the inertia means rests against an abutment which is movable towards and away from the inertia means to adjust the resilient means to vary the predetermined value of

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
US00160606A 1971-04-30 1971-07-08 Power operated impact wrench or screwdriver Expired - Lifetime US3741313A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1231971 1971-04-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3741313A true US3741313A (en) 1973-06-26

Family

ID=10002330

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00160606A Expired - Lifetime US3741313A (en) 1971-04-30 1971-07-08 Power operated impact wrench or screwdriver

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3741313A (ja)
JP (1) JPS5111840B1 (ja)
DE (1) DE2134188B2 (ja)
GB (1) GB1303571A (ja)
IT (1) IT992029B (ja)

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4844177A (en) * 1987-08-07 1989-07-04 The Aro Corporation Torque sensing, automatic shut-off and reset clutch for toggle controlled screwdrivers, nutsetters and the like
US5201373A (en) * 1991-01-05 1993-04-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Hand held power tool with safety coupling
US5531278A (en) * 1995-07-07 1996-07-02 Lin; Pi-Chu Power drill with drill bit unit capable of providing intermittent axial impact
US5738177A (en) * 1995-07-28 1998-04-14 Black & Decker Inc. Production assembly tool
US5836403A (en) * 1996-10-31 1998-11-17 Snap-On Technologies, Inc. Reversible high impact mechanism
US5890848A (en) * 1997-08-05 1999-04-06 Cooper Technologies Company Method and apparatus for simultaneously lubricating a cutting point of a tool and controlling the application rate of the tool to a work piece
US6105595A (en) * 1997-03-07 2000-08-22 Cooper Technologies Co. Method, system, and apparatus for automatically preventing or allowing flow of a fluid
US6158526A (en) * 1999-03-09 2000-12-12 Snap-On Tools Company Reversible impact mechanism with structure limiting hammer travel
US20100071923A1 (en) * 2008-09-25 2010-03-25 Rudolph Scott M Hybrid impact tool
US7806198B2 (en) 2007-06-15 2010-10-05 Black & Decker Inc. Hybrid impact tool
US20100276168A1 (en) * 2009-04-30 2010-11-04 Sankarshan Murthy Power tool with impact mechanism
CN101203645B (zh) * 2005-04-19 2010-12-08 布莱克和戴克公司 用于棘轮锤式机构的外轴承保持结构
US20110152029A1 (en) * 2009-12-23 2011-06-23 Scott Rudolph Hybrid impact tool with two-speed transmission
US20110232930A1 (en) * 2010-03-23 2011-09-29 Qiang Zhang Spindle bearing arrangement for a power tool
US20120043364A1 (en) * 2010-08-18 2012-02-23 Coleman Jr Jerry D Pneumatic staple or nail gun with dual trigger mechanism
US20120142484A1 (en) * 2010-12-03 2012-06-07 Chervon (Hk) Limited Power tool with an automatic speed regulating device
US20130299206A1 (en) * 2010-11-29 2013-11-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Hammer mechanism
US20150190908A1 (en) * 2012-09-28 2015-07-09 Hitachi Koki Co.,Ltd. Rotational Impact Tool
US9289886B2 (en) 2010-11-04 2016-03-22 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation Impact tool with adjustable clutch
US9463557B2 (en) 2014-01-31 2016-10-11 Ingersoll-Rand Company Power socket for an impact tool
US9469017B2 (en) 2014-01-31 2016-10-18 Ingersoll-Rand Company One-piece power socket for an impact tool
US20160354905A1 (en) * 2015-06-05 2016-12-08 Ingersoll-Rand Company Power tools with user-selectable operational modes
US9566692B2 (en) 2011-04-05 2017-02-14 Ingersoll-Rand Company Rotary impact device
CN111997478A (zh) * 2020-07-28 2020-11-27 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 一种便携式电动开舱盖辅助工具及其使用方法
US11260517B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2022-03-01 Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. Power tool housings
US11602832B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2023-03-14 Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. Impact tools with ring gear alignment features
US11784538B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2023-10-10 Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. Power tool user interfaces
US11992921B2 (en) 2011-04-05 2024-05-28 Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. Impact wrench having dynamically tuned drive components and method thereof

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2128916A (en) * 1982-10-19 1984-05-10 Black & Decker Inc Impact mechanism for power driven wrench
JPS61245699A (ja) * 1985-04-23 1986-10-31 Pioneer Electronic Corp スピ−カ用振動板
DE4328599C2 (de) * 1992-08-25 1998-01-29 Makita Corp Rotations-Schlagwerkzeug

Cited By (42)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4844177A (en) * 1987-08-07 1989-07-04 The Aro Corporation Torque sensing, automatic shut-off and reset clutch for toggle controlled screwdrivers, nutsetters and the like
US5201373A (en) * 1991-01-05 1993-04-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Hand held power tool with safety coupling
US5531278A (en) * 1995-07-07 1996-07-02 Lin; Pi-Chu Power drill with drill bit unit capable of providing intermittent axial impact
US5738177A (en) * 1995-07-28 1998-04-14 Black & Decker Inc. Production assembly tool
US5836403A (en) * 1996-10-31 1998-11-17 Snap-On Technologies, Inc. Reversible high impact mechanism
US6105595A (en) * 1997-03-07 2000-08-22 Cooper Technologies Co. Method, system, and apparatus for automatically preventing or allowing flow of a fluid
US5890848A (en) * 1997-08-05 1999-04-06 Cooper Technologies Company Method and apparatus for simultaneously lubricating a cutting point of a tool and controlling the application rate of the tool to a work piece
US6158526A (en) * 1999-03-09 2000-12-12 Snap-On Tools Company Reversible impact mechanism with structure limiting hammer travel
US6227308B1 (en) 1999-03-09 2001-05-08 Snap-On Tools Company Reversible impact mechanism with structure limiting hammer travel
CN101203645B (zh) * 2005-04-19 2010-12-08 布莱克和戴克公司 用于棘轮锤式机构的外轴承保持结构
US7806198B2 (en) 2007-06-15 2010-10-05 Black & Decker Inc. Hybrid impact tool
US20100071923A1 (en) * 2008-09-25 2010-03-25 Rudolph Scott M Hybrid impact tool
US10513021B2 (en) 2008-09-25 2019-12-24 Black & Decker Inc. Hybrid impact tool
US9193053B2 (en) 2008-09-25 2015-11-24 Black & Decker Inc. Hybrid impact tool
US8794348B2 (en) 2008-09-25 2014-08-05 Black & Decker Inc. Hybrid impact tool
US20100276168A1 (en) * 2009-04-30 2010-11-04 Sankarshan Murthy Power tool with impact mechanism
US8631880B2 (en) 2009-04-30 2014-01-21 Black & Decker Inc. Power tool with impact mechanism
US20110152029A1 (en) * 2009-12-23 2011-06-23 Scott Rudolph Hybrid impact tool with two-speed transmission
USRE46827E1 (en) 2009-12-23 2018-05-08 Black & Decker Inc. Hybrid impact tool with two-speed transmission
US8460153B2 (en) 2009-12-23 2013-06-11 Black & Decker Inc. Hybrid impact tool with two-speed transmission
US8584770B2 (en) 2010-03-23 2013-11-19 Black & Decker Inc. Spindle bearing arrangement for a power tool
US20110232930A1 (en) * 2010-03-23 2011-09-29 Qiang Zhang Spindle bearing arrangement for a power tool
US9216504B2 (en) 2010-03-23 2015-12-22 Black & Decker Inc. Spindle bearing arrangement for a power tool
US8444035B2 (en) * 2010-08-18 2013-05-21 Q.E.P. Co., Inc. Pneumatic staple or nail gun with dual trigger mechanism
US20120043364A1 (en) * 2010-08-18 2012-02-23 Coleman Jr Jerry D Pneumatic staple or nail gun with dual trigger mechanism
US9289886B2 (en) 2010-11-04 2016-03-22 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation Impact tool with adjustable clutch
US20130299206A1 (en) * 2010-11-29 2013-11-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Hammer mechanism
US9649757B2 (en) * 2010-11-29 2017-05-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Hammer mechanism
US8790210B2 (en) * 2010-12-03 2014-07-29 Chervon (Hk) Limited Power tool with an automatic speed regulating device
US20120142484A1 (en) * 2010-12-03 2012-06-07 Chervon (Hk) Limited Power tool with an automatic speed regulating device
US9566692B2 (en) 2011-04-05 2017-02-14 Ingersoll-Rand Company Rotary impact device
US11992921B2 (en) 2011-04-05 2024-05-28 Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. Impact wrench having dynamically tuned drive components and method thereof
US20150190908A1 (en) * 2012-09-28 2015-07-09 Hitachi Koki Co.,Ltd. Rotational Impact Tool
US9469017B2 (en) 2014-01-31 2016-10-18 Ingersoll-Rand Company One-piece power socket for an impact tool
US9463557B2 (en) 2014-01-31 2016-10-11 Ingersoll-Rand Company Power socket for an impact tool
US20160354905A1 (en) * 2015-06-05 2016-12-08 Ingersoll-Rand Company Power tools with user-selectable operational modes
US11260517B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2022-03-01 Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. Power tool housings
US11491616B2 (en) * 2015-06-05 2022-11-08 Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. Power tools with user-selectable operational modes
US11602832B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2023-03-14 Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. Impact tools with ring gear alignment features
US11707831B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2023-07-25 Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. Power tool housings
US11784538B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2023-10-10 Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. Power tool user interfaces
CN111997478A (zh) * 2020-07-28 2020-11-27 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 一种便携式电动开舱盖辅助工具及其使用方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT992029B (it) 1975-09-10
JPS5111840B1 (ja) 1976-04-14
DE2134188A1 (de) 1972-11-09
GB1303571A (ja) 1973-01-17
DE2134188B2 (de) 1974-03-28

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