US3738534A - Apparatus for dispersing particulate materials - Google Patents

Apparatus for dispersing particulate materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US3738534A
US3738534A US00096507A US3738534DA US3738534A US 3738534 A US3738534 A US 3738534A US 00096507 A US00096507 A US 00096507A US 3738534D A US3738534D A US 3738534DA US 3738534 A US3738534 A US 3738534A
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United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
liquid
film
upstream
tank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00096507A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Abbott
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Coal Industry Patents Ltd
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Coal Industry Patents Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Publication of US3738534A publication Critical patent/US3738534A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
    • B01F35/711—Feed mechanisms for feeding a mixture of components, i.e. solids in liquid, solids in a gas stream
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/01—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation using flocculating agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
    • B01F35/712—Feed mechanisms for feeding fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
    • B01F35/714—Feed mechanisms for feeding predetermined amounts
    • B01F35/7141—Feed mechanisms for feeding predetermined amounts using measuring chambers moving between a loading and unloading position, e.g. reciprocating feed frames
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
    • B01F35/717—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer
    • B01F35/71815—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer using vibrations, e.g. standing waves or ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/75—Discharge mechanisms
    • B01F35/754—Discharge mechanisms characterised by the means for discharging the components from the mixer
    • B01F35/7547—Discharge mechanisms characterised by the means for discharging the components from the mixer using valves, gates, orifices or openings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
    • B01F35/717—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer
    • B01F35/71775—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer using helical screws

Definitions

  • polyacrylamide having particles which, if in con- 3O2/24 52; 259/4 tact on becoming wetted, agglomerate to form a non- 99 dispersable mass.
  • a vortex chamber is used to provide a hollow cylindrical rapidly flowing film of fluid onto [56] References C'ted the inner surface of which the material is introduced.
  • This invention relates to methods of, and apparatus for, dispersing particulate materials in fluids.
  • the invention relatesto methods of, and apparatus for, dispersing particulate materials having particles which, if in contact on becoming wetted, agglomerate to form a nondispersable mass.
  • One such particulate material is polyacrylamide which is used as a flocculating reagent in the treatment of coal.
  • a known method of dispersing polacrylamide in water requires slowly sprinkling the polyacrylamide by hand into a slow-moving current of water adjacent the vortex of a mixing tank.
  • This method has the disadvantage of being time-consuming, especially as mixes must be made frequently. Hand-sprinkling frequently leads to the wastage of polyacrylamide because some of the particles become agglomerated and are then ineffective for flocculation purposes. Also, since it is difficult to estimate the amount of polyacrylamide wasted-due to agglomeration, the exact concentration of the mix is usually not known. The agglomerates may also lead to blockage of the feed pipes from the mixing or flocculation tanks.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an improved method of dispersing such particulate material in fluids which overcomes the above mentioned disadvantages.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide apparatus for carrying out the improved method of dispersing such particulate material in fluids.
  • a stream of relatively slow moving particles of the material is passed onto the inner surface of a hollow cylindrical film of the fluid which moves relatively rapidly both about the axis of, and from one end to the other of, the cylinder.
  • apparatus for carrying out the above method of dispersing particular material in a fluid comprises a hollow vortex chamber having a tangential inlet for fluid at or adjacent one end of the chamber and adapted to cause the stream of fluid to form itself into a cylindrical film moving relatively rapidly bothabout the longitudinal axis of, and from the said one end towards the other end of the chamber, the film being confined by, and moving over,the inner cylindrical surface of the chamber, and means remote from the fluid which is arranged to release a stream of relatively slow moving particles of the material onto the inner surface of the film, the mixed fluid and material leaving the chamber at or adjacent the lower end thereof.
  • the longitudinal axis of the vortex chamber is inclined to the vertical plane, the said one end being uppermost.
  • the means may comprise a vibrating chute having its discharge end positioned within the vortex chamber.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan of a vortex chamber
  • FIG. 2 is a section along the line II of FIG. 1; and with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic sketch of automatically controlled equipment for mixing polyacrylamide with water.
  • the vortex chamber 2 is shown to comprise a large diameter portion 4 having a tangentially-arranged water inlet pipe 6 and a small diameter portion 8 forming the outlet from the portion 4.
  • An inner tube 10 extends from the wall of the portion 4 remote from the portion 8 to within the portion 8.
  • water is fed at relatively high pressure through the inlet pipe 6 from where it flows around the portion 4 moving inwards and increasing its speed until it reaches the diameter of the portion 8.
  • the water then flows around the inner wall of the portion 8 in the form of a rapidly moving film covering all the surface of the wall.
  • the film is held against the inner wall by strong centrifugal forces and is moved along the portion 8 as more water is fed into the chamber 2. Resulting from the large difference in the velocities of the fluid at the inner and outer surfaces of the film, large shear forces are created within the film.
  • the portion 4 is of a sufficiently large diameter to ensure that turbulence due'to the inlet has decayed away by the time the water reaches the portion 8.
  • the inner tube 10 forms only a guard to ensure that no water splashes towards the center of vortex chamber 2 and in alternative embodiments of the invention may be dispensed with.
  • FIG. 3 the vortex chamber 2 is shown in an operational position constituting part of automatically controlled equipment for mixing polyacrylamide with water before it is fed to a stock tank (not shown) for a flocculant tank of a coal treatment plant.
  • the equipment comprises a mixing tank 12 having a central impeller 14 positioned below a distributing tube 16, and an outlet pipe 18 controlled by a valve 20.
  • the tank 12 has a water inlet pipe 22 controlled by a valve 24 and fed from a constant head tank (not shown) and an inlet pipe 26 for the flocculating reagent.
  • the inlet pipe 26 is connected to the portion 8 of the inclined vortex chamber 2 to which the water flow is controlled by a valve 28 in the inlet pipe 6.
  • Polyacrylamide is fed into the vortex chamber 2 from a vibrating chute 30, the material falls freely from the chute 30 which ensures that the particles are separated. Also the particles pass through atmospheric air which is sufficiently dry to prevent the particles of material becoming wetted and thus forming a non-dispersable mass on the chute 30. Hence blockage of the chute 30 is avoided.
  • each particle is drawn into the water by the action of the inertia of the moving particle and by centrifugal force.
  • the shear forces created within the film act on the particle tending to rotate it and ensuring that all the surface of the particle is wetted before the particle leaves the vortex chamber 2.
  • the chute 30 is fed from a small hopper 32.
  • the amount of polyacrylamide in the hopper 32 is determined by a measuring pocket 34 having upper and lower gates 36, 38 respectively.
  • Polyacrylamide is fed into the measuring pocket 34 from a large storage hopper 40.
  • the automatically controlled equipment operates in the following manner.
  • the stock tank is fitted with a liquid level sensing element which when the liquid falls to a predetermined level passes a signal to a timing control device 50 which is in electrical contact with all the operable parts of the apparatus by means (not shown) and which stops the impeller 14 and opens the valve to allow theflocculating reagent to drain from the mixing tank 12 into the stock tank.
  • a timing control device 50 which is in electrical contact with all the operable parts of the apparatus by means (not shown) and which stops the impeller 14 and opens the valve to allow theflocculating reagent to drain from the mixing tank 12 into the stock tank.
  • the control device shuts the valve 20 and opens valve'24, causing water to flow into the tank 12 until the impeller 14 is fully covered.
  • the valve 24 is then closed by the control device and the valve 28 is opened causing water to flow into the vortex chamber 2 and out through the portion 8 and pipe 26 into the mixing tank 12.
  • the control device starts the impeller 14 which causes the water to flow around the mixing tank 12 and which causes a current of air to be drawn down the center of the tank 12 and down the pipe 26.
  • the air is then dispersed into the water in the tank 12.
  • the current of air in the pipe 26 is such that when polyacrylamide is being fed into the vortex chamber 2 it carries relatively fine particles of polyacrylamide into the tank and prevents wastage.
  • the relative large particles of polyacrylamide are substantially unaffected by the current of air and fall freely onto the film of fluid in the portion 8.
  • the control device then opens the lower gate 38 of the measuring pocket 34 allowing a predetermined amount of polyacrylamide to fall into the hopper 32.
  • the vibrating chute 30 is then started so as to deliver the predetermined amount of polyacrylamide into the vortex chamber 2.
  • the polyacrylamide is fed slowly along the chute 30 and allowed to fall freely on to the rapidly moving film of water flowing around and down the portion 8 of the vortex chamber 2. This freely falling, slow rate of feed ensures that the particles of polyacrylamide are separated from one another before they reach the rapidly moving film of water and become wetted. Thus the particles are dispersed in the water and agglomeration is prevented.
  • the mixture of water and the dispersed polyacrylamide particles is fed from the portion 8 through the pipe 26 directly into the impeller zone of the tank 12 wherethe mixture is further mixed by the action of the impeller 14 into the main volume of water in the tank 12.
  • control device stops the vibrating chute 30, closes the valve 28 and re-opens the valve 24 until the tank 12 is full.
  • the control device also closes the lower gate 38 of the measuring pocket 34 and opens the upper gate 36 allowing polyacrylamide to fall from the hopper 40 to till the measuring pocket 34.
  • the upper gate 36 is then closed.
  • the impeller is then kept running for between 20 and 30 minutes before complete solution is achieved. After this time the reagent is ready for feeding to the stock tank when the level of liquid falls sufficiently to reinitiate the time sequence of the control device.
  • chute 30 is remote from any water flowing in the vortex chamber 2 so that it is impossible for the polacrylamide to become wet while on the chute 30. This ensures that no particles of polyacrylamide agglomerate together or stick on the chute 30.
  • the inner tube 10 ensures that no water can splash towards the chute 30. In modifications of the equipment the inner tube 10 may be dispensed with.
  • the chute 30 is replaced by a screw feeder conveyor.
  • any other suitable form of conveyor may be used.
  • the particles of material may be projected into the vortex chamber from an air blowing device.
  • Apparatus for dispersing particulate material in liquid comprising a hollow vortex chamber open at both its ends with an upstream portion of relatively large diameter and a downstream portion of relatively small diameter, the upstream portion having an upstream face and a downstream face which are transverse to the general direction of liquid flow, the said downstream face forming a step with the inner face of the downstream portion and the upstream face extending inwardly beyond the step, tangetially arranged inlet means for a liquid on the upstream portion of the chamber so that liquid substantially fills the upstream portion between the said upstream and downstream faces and overflows the said step to form a hollow film moving relatively rapidly around the general direction of liquid flow, the film being confined by, and moving over, the inner surface of the downstream portion of the chamber, particulate discharge means remote from the liquid to release a stream of relatively slow moving particles of the material onto the inner surface of the film, the mixed liquid and material leaving the downstream portion of the chamber at the end remote from the upstream portion.
  • the particulate discharge means comprises a vibrating chute having its discharge end positioned within the vortex chamber, the particulate material falling freely onto the film of liquid.
  • Apparatus for dispersing particulate material in a liquid comprising a vortex chamber open at both ends with an upstream portion of relatively large diameter and a downstream portion of relatively small diameter, tangetially arranged inlet means of a liquid on the upstream portion of the chamber so that the stream of liquid forms itself into a hollow film moving relatively rapidly around the general direction of liquid flow, the film being confined by, and moving over, the inner surface of the downstream portion of the chamber, a vibrating chute for conveying particulate material, said chute having its discharge end positioned within the vortex chamber to release the material to fall freely at relatively slow speed onto the inner surface of the film, the mixed liquid and material leaving thedownstream portion of the chamber at the end remote from the upstream portion of the chamber, a stock tank arranged to receive the liquid and material leaving the chamber, outlet means from the tank for the mixed liquid and material, an impeller located within the tank and a pipe extending from the end of the downstream portion of the chamber remote from the upstream portion towards the impeller such that a current of air
  • Apparatus for dispersing particulate material in a liquid comprising an inclined vortex chamber which is open at both its ends with an upper upstream portion having a relatively large diameter and a lower downstream portion having a relatively small diameter, the upstream portion having an upstream face and a downstream face which are transverse to the general direction of liquid flow, the said downstream portion and the upstream face extending inwardly beyond the step, tangentially arranged inlet means for a liquid provided on the upstream portion of the chamber so that liquid substantially fills the upstream portion between the said upstream and downstream faces and overflows the said step to form a hollow film moving relatively rapidly around the general direction of liquid flow, the film being confined by, and moving over, the inner surface of the said downstream portion of the chamber, means remote from the liquid to convey and release a stream of relatively slow moving particles of the material onto the inner surface of the film, the mixed liquid and material leaving the said downstream portion of the chamber at its lowermost end, a measuring pocket for determining the amount of particulate material fed onto the conveying means,

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
US00096507A 1969-12-23 1970-12-09 Apparatus for dispersing particulate materials Expired - Lifetime US3738534A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB62655/69A GB1276030A (en) 1969-12-23 1969-12-23 Method of and apparatus for dispersing particulate materials in a liquid

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3738534A true US3738534A (en) 1973-06-12

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ID=10488352

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00096507A Expired - Lifetime US3738534A (en) 1969-12-23 1970-12-09 Apparatus for dispersing particulate materials

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3738534A (fr)
BE (1) BE760641A (fr)
CA (1) CA943535A (fr)
DE (1) DE2061460C3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2074189A5 (fr)
GB (1) GB1276030A (fr)
NL (1) NL162849C (fr)
ZA (1) ZA708256B (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4830509A (en) * 1988-06-16 1989-05-16 Gulmatico Jr Ramon Automatic system for dissolving dry detergent
US5161887A (en) * 1991-10-04 1992-11-10 Jeffrey Goldberg Process for producing an aqueous solution of difficult-to-dissolve, fine particle size particulate material
US5511876A (en) * 1994-03-08 1996-04-30 Agfa-Gevaert, N.V. Device for mixing solid photographic chemicals with water
US6398404B1 (en) * 1998-10-02 2002-06-04 Karasawa Fine Co., Ltd. Method of producing fine particle dispersions
CN104324666A (zh) * 2014-09-30 2015-02-04 宁波保润石化有限公司 酯化釜送酯粉装置
CN112999916A (zh) * 2021-02-01 2021-06-22 周秀恒 一种化妆品加工水相锅内可中途添加香精的机构

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2358188A1 (fr) * 1976-07-16 1978-02-10 Marseille Eaux Appareil doseur de produits pulverulents
DE4132066A1 (de) * 1990-09-27 1992-04-02 Dennis G Pardikes Mischvorrichtung fuer trockene polymere und elektrolyte
EP0760382A3 (fr) * 1995-09-01 1997-09-10 Dennis G Pardikes Système de traitement des polymères secs
US5599101A (en) * 1995-09-01 1997-02-04 Pardikes; Dennis G. Dry polymer processing system
CN104258777B (zh) * 2014-09-30 2016-03-09 宁波保润石化有限公司 一种酯粉送料装置
DE202019100864U1 (de) 2019-02-15 2019-02-22 AD Solutions UG (haftungsbeschränkt) Dispersionshomogenisierer
CN112452223B (zh) * 2020-09-24 2022-08-16 武汉纺织大学 水溶性纳米纤维分散液制备装置及其制备方法

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US836145A (en) * 1903-01-26 1906-11-20 Charles G Hawley Fuel-burner.
US2513012A (en) * 1947-08-14 1950-06-27 Higgins Ind Inc Mixing machine
US2513382A (en) * 1947-06-13 1950-07-04 Chester Jensen Company Mixing device
US2621838A (en) * 1949-05-27 1952-12-16 American Nat Dispensing Co Beverage vending machine
US2843293A (en) * 1956-07-09 1958-07-15 Harris G Burgoyne Automatic vending machine
US3133675A (en) * 1960-09-13 1964-05-19 Vendomatic Services Ltd Beverage dispensing machines
US3225963A (en) * 1964-12-07 1965-12-28 Vasken F Arpajian Hopper apparatus and method
US3446399A (en) * 1967-06-09 1969-05-27 Umc Ind Dispensing apparatus

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US836145A (en) * 1903-01-26 1906-11-20 Charles G Hawley Fuel-burner.
US2513382A (en) * 1947-06-13 1950-07-04 Chester Jensen Company Mixing device
US2513012A (en) * 1947-08-14 1950-06-27 Higgins Ind Inc Mixing machine
US2621838A (en) * 1949-05-27 1952-12-16 American Nat Dispensing Co Beverage vending machine
US2843293A (en) * 1956-07-09 1958-07-15 Harris G Burgoyne Automatic vending machine
US3133675A (en) * 1960-09-13 1964-05-19 Vendomatic Services Ltd Beverage dispensing machines
US3225963A (en) * 1964-12-07 1965-12-28 Vasken F Arpajian Hopper apparatus and method
US3446399A (en) * 1967-06-09 1969-05-27 Umc Ind Dispensing apparatus

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4830509A (en) * 1988-06-16 1989-05-16 Gulmatico Jr Ramon Automatic system for dissolving dry detergent
US5161887A (en) * 1991-10-04 1992-11-10 Jeffrey Goldberg Process for producing an aqueous solution of difficult-to-dissolve, fine particle size particulate material
US5511876A (en) * 1994-03-08 1996-04-30 Agfa-Gevaert, N.V. Device for mixing solid photographic chemicals with water
US6398404B1 (en) * 1998-10-02 2002-06-04 Karasawa Fine Co., Ltd. Method of producing fine particle dispersions
CN104324666A (zh) * 2014-09-30 2015-02-04 宁波保润石化有限公司 酯化釜送酯粉装置
CN112999916A (zh) * 2021-02-01 2021-06-22 周秀恒 一种化妆品加工水相锅内可中途添加香精的机构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1276030A (en) 1972-06-01
DE2061460B2 (de) 1979-07-26
DE2061460C3 (de) 1980-04-10
BE760641A (fr) 1971-05-27
NL162849B (nl) 1980-02-15
ZA708256B (en) 1971-08-25
FR2074189A5 (fr) 1971-10-01
NL162849C (nl) 1980-07-15
DE2061460A1 (fr) 1971-07-01
CA943535A (en) 1974-03-12
NL7018449A (fr) 1971-06-25

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