US3736936A - Cryogenic heat transfer device - Google Patents

Cryogenic heat transfer device Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3736936A
US3736936A US00207431A US3736936DA US3736936A US 3736936 A US3736936 A US 3736936A US 00207431 A US00207431 A US 00207431A US 3736936D A US3736936D A US 3736936DA US 3736936 A US3736936 A US 3736936A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
housing
reservoir
heat transfer
open end
working fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00207431A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
A Basiulis
E Reed
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Raytheon Co
Original Assignee
Hughes Aircraft Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hughes Aircraft Co filed Critical Hughes Aircraft Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3736936A publication Critical patent/US3736936A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by cooling, e.g. cryogenic techniques
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
    • A61B2018/00059—Material properties
    • A61B2018/00089—Thermal conductivity
    • A61B2018/00095—Thermal conductivity high, i.e. heat conducting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
    • A61B2018/00059—Material properties
    • A61B2018/00089—Thermal conductivity
    • A61B2018/00101—Thermal conductivity low, i.e. thermally insulating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B19/00—Machines, plants or systems, using evaporation of a refrigerant but without recovery of the vapour
    • F25B19/005—Machines, plants or systems, using evaporation of a refrigerant but without recovery of the vapour the refrigerant being a liquefied gas

Definitions

  • lk4:)1l/())(0 g h l rf f h h g o are 1 62 adapted to convey a volatile working fluid such as I liquid nitrogen at a temperature of 196C from the vicinity of the open end of the housing to the vicinity [56] References cued of the closed end.
  • a working fluid reservoir is UNITED STATES PATENTS disposedabout the open end of the housing in fluid communication with the capillary wick.
  • An annular 3,190,081 6/1965 .Pytryga ..62/293 evacuated chamber is provided about the outer sur- 3,421,508 H 9 Nestrock ..l28/303.l face of the reservoir and a substantial portion of the 3,434,477 1969 Thomas, "123/3031 outer lateral surface of the housing to afford thermal 3,455,304 7/1969 Gans ..12s/303.1 insumiom 12/1969 Ziegler ..62/293 13 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures PAIENIEUJHH 519/6 SHEET 10F 2 Fig. 1.
  • This invention relates generally to heat transfer devices, and more particularly relates to a wholly selfcontained, handheld cryogenic surgery tool which is readily portable, easily and quickly activated and convenient to use.
  • Certain surgical operations such as a hemorroidectomy, may be performed quickly and painlessly by freezing the cells of the affected tissue. As subfreezing temperatures are reached and ice formation occurs in the cell, cellular organization is irreversibly altered. As the frozen tissue thaws, water is removed from the interior of the cell, resulting in cellular dehydration and destruction. Cryosurgical techniques are also being used in the treatment of chronic cervicitis, endometrial carcinoma, Parkinsonism, cataracts, and other diseases.
  • cryosurgery The usual procedure in cryosurgery is to lower the temperature of the diseased tissue to at least about 20C. There are a variety of techniques for achieving such low tissue temperatures.
  • One method is to dip an applicator such as a cotton swab or copper disk into liquid nitrogen (which is at l96C) and then apply it to the diseased tissue.
  • an applicator such as a cotton swab or copper disk into liquid nitrogen (which is at l96C) and then apply it to the diseased tissue.
  • liquid nitrogen which is at l96C
  • Apparatus presently employed for performing cryosurgery consists of a control console with a liquid nitrogen supply and a cryoprobe.
  • the console houses a Dewar container, having a capacity of 5 liters, and associated control and monitoring circuits.
  • a heating system for thawing the cryoprobe is also included in the console.
  • An input hose conveys liquid nitrogen from the Dew'ar' container to thecryoprobe, while an output hose returns the liquid nitrogen to the console where it is exhausted into the atmosphere.
  • liquid nitrogen at -l96 C
  • the cryoprobe tip is cooled to about 1 80C by the flow of the liquid nitrogen past the cryoprobe.
  • the liquid nitrogen is then returned to the supply console via the output hose to be exhausted to the atmosphere as a vapor.
  • the aforedescribed apparatus has been used successfully in performing cryosurgery, about one minute of operation time is required before stabilization at the desired low temperature is achieved, largely because of the inefficiency of cooling by liquid flow.
  • the cryoprobe is connected to the console unit by bulky hoses, two hands are required to hold the cryoprobe apparatus during the surgery.
  • the apparatus is rather cumbersome to use, and the surgeon must be assisted in all but the simplest of operations.
  • the entire apparatus (including the control and supply console) is relatively bulky and weights about 100 pounds, and a relatively large supply of liquid nitrogen is required for the apparatus to operate properly.
  • a constraint is imposed on use of the apparatus by the availability of manpower to move both the apparatus itself and an adequate supply of liquid nitrogen to the site where the operation is to be performed.
  • a heat transfer device includes an elongated housing of low thermal conductivity having an open end and a closed end.
  • a probe member of high thermal conductivity is mounted at and extends outwardly from the closed end of the housing.
  • a capillary wick is longitudinally disposed within the housing for conveying a volatile working fluid from the vicinity of the open end of the housing to the vicinity of the closed end.
  • a working fluid reservoir is provided about the open end of the housing in fluid communication with the capillary wick. Thermal insulation is provided about the outer surface of the reservoir and a substantial portion of the outer lateral surface of the housing.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view illustrating a heat transfer device according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating a heat transfer device according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a portion of the device of FIG. 2 as taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 2.
  • a heat transfer device may be seen to include a thin-walled elongated tubular housing 10 having a closed end 11 and an open opposite end 12 which may be of reduced diameter as shown.
  • the housing is preferably of a material of low thermal conductivity such as stainless steel, for example.
  • the vicinity of the closed end 11 of the housing 10 functions as an evaporation region where a working fluid contained within the housing is vaporized by applied heat;
  • a tapered probe 14, shown as having a generally conical configuration, is mounted within extension 10a of the housing 10 with its base contacting the housing end wall 11 alternatively, separate end wall member 11 may be eliminated with the base of probe 14 constituting an end wall for the housing 10.
  • the probe 14 which should be of a material of high thermal conductivity, absorbs heat from a source, such as living tissue for example, and transfers heat by conduction to the housing wall 11.
  • the probe may be held in place by frictional force with the inner lateral surface of housing extension 10a or, alternatively, by threads provided on extension 10a and probe 14. It is pointed out that while a particular probe shape has been illustrated, the shape of probe 14 is not critical and may vary depending upon the particular application of the heat transfer device.
  • a capillary wick 15 lines the inner lateral surface of the housing 10.
  • the wick 15 may be made of any material through which fluid can travel by capillary forces, examples of suitable wick materials being felt cloth, stainless steel screen, and sintered metal fibers. It is pointed out that the capillary wick 15 need not line the entire inner lateral surface of housing 10, and other wick arrangements such as a plurality of longitudinally extending wick strips circumferentially spaced along the inner surface of housing 10 may be employed in the alternative.
  • a working fluid reservoir 16 is provided for the housing 10 in the vicinity of its open end 12.
  • the reservoir 16 is defined by a tubular member 17 coaxially mounted about housing 10 at its open end region and an annular member 19 extending inwardly from the lower edge of member 17 to the outer surface of housing 10.
  • the annular member 19 is welded or otherwise attached to the member 17 and to the housing 10 so as to form a fluid tight seal therewith.
  • the reservoir members l7 and 19 are preferably of a material of low thermal conductivity such as stainless steel, for'example.
  • a plurality of circumferentially spaced apertures 18 may be provided in housing 10 just above where it is sealed to annular reservoir member 19.
  • a tubular metal shell is coaxially disposed about the housing 10 and the reservoir members 19 and 17 in a manner providing an annular space between the shell 20 and the members 10, 17 and 19, the end regions of the shell 20 being in hermetically bonded relationship with the respective end regions of the housing 10 and the reservoir member 17.
  • the annular space between the shell 20 and the housing 10 and reservoir members 17 and 19 is evacuated to provide the desired thermal insulation.
  • a coating of fiberglass or plastic may be applied over the outer surface of the shell 20 to provide additional thermal insulation, if desired.
  • the open upper end of reservoir 16, which affords a fluid inlet to the reservoir 16, may be covered by a cap 21 during operation of the device.
  • the cap 21 consists of a flat circular member 22 having a central exhaust port 23 axially aligned with the opening in end 12 of housing 10 and a lip 24 projecting downwardly from the circumferential edge of member 22.
  • Thermal insulation for the cap 21 may be afforded by an evacuated chamber defined by members 22, 24, and a metal shell 25 disposed about and spaced from the members 22 and 24 and in a hermetically bonded relationship there with.
  • the cap 21 may be attached to the reservoir 16 by mating threads 26 on the inner surface of an annular extension 27 of the shell 25 and on the outer surface of the shell 20 adjacent its upper end.
  • a fluid tight seal may be provided between the cap 21 and the reservoir 16 by means of an O ring 28 disposed in an annular groove-defining member 29 mounted between the shell 20 and the reservoir member 17 at the upper ends thereof, and an annular flange 30 projecting from the cap 21 into the groove of member 29 and adapted to compress O ring 28.
  • a suitable low temperature working fluid 40 at a temperature below its boiling temperature is poured into the reservoir 16.
  • working fluids which may be employed are liquid nitrogen at l96 C, oxygenat l83 C, or freon at -8l C.
  • the working liquid 40 in the reservoir 16 flows into the housing 10 through apertures 18, wetting the capillary wick 15.
  • the liquid 40 moves into the wick l5 and is conveyed by capillary action along the wick 15 toward the end of the housing 10 adjacent the probe 14 as long as wick 15 is not saturated. However, once the wick 15 becomes saturated, additional liquid i'sprecluded from entering the housing 10 via apertures 18.
  • the liquid 40 Upon reaching the evaporator wall 11, the liquid 40 becomes vaporized because the temperature of evaporator wall 11 is initially much higher than the boiling temperature of the liquid 40. It is well known that in the process of vaporization a liquid will absorb heat from its surroundings and thereby lower the temperature of the surroundings. Thus, as the liquid 40 reaching evaporator wall 11 continues to be vaporized, the temperature of evaporator wall 11 (and hence probe 14) is lowered to the boiling temperature of the liquid 40.
  • the probe 14 When the probe 14 is placed in contact with a heat source, such as living tissue for example, heat is transferred from the heat source to the probe 14 and con veyed by conduction to the evaporator 11, causing a slight rise in the temperature of evaporator 11. This in turn causes more liquid 40 to be vaporized which again lowers the temperature of evaporator 11 and probe 14. Thus, the probe 14 is maintained essentially at the boiling temperature of the working fluid 40.
  • a heat source such as living tissue for example
  • the vaporizing fluid causes a pressure increase in the region of the housing 10 adjacent the evaporator 11', the vapor travels along the housing to the vicinity of the open end 12. There some of the vapor condenses into liquid as it contacts the colder temperature of the capillary wick 15. The remaining vapor passes through the opening at end 12 and is exhausted to the atmosphere through port 23.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 A heat transfer device according to another embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • Components in the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3 which are similar to respective components in the embodiment of FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals as their corresponding components in FIG. 1 except for the addition ofa prefix numeral l
  • the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3 differs from the embodiment of FIG. 1 in that housing is bent by about 45 in the region 150 where housing 110 enters reservoir 116.
  • apertures 118 providing fluid communication between the reservoir 116 and the housing 110 are located closer to the open end 112 ofthe-housing 110.
  • the reservoir 116 including tubular member 117 and end member 119, as well as thermally insulating outer shell member 125, is detachable from the remainder of the device in order to facilitate filling the reservoir 116 with working fluid.
  • Mating threads 126 are provided on the outer surface of shell near its end region and on the inner surface of enlarged tubular extension 152 of a funnel-like transition member 154 hermetically bonded to the shell 120 surrounding the portion of housing 110 outside of reservoir 116.
  • An essentially U-shaped vent tube 160 mounted within the reservoir 116 by means not shown, has one end extending into the housing 110 to the vicinity of bend and the other end extending to a region 162 externally of the housing 110 in the vicinity of the transition member 154.
  • the vent tube 160 conveys vaporized working fluid through the contained liquid 140 in the reservoir 116 to the region 162 from where it is vented to the atmosphere externally of the reservoir via an essentially L-shaped exhaust tube 164.
  • the present invention provides a self-contained, simple, and readily portable heat transfer device which is especially suitable for performing cryosurgery. Moreover, the device reaches the desired low operating temperature very quickly and maintains that temperature readily.
  • heat transfer devices according to FIG. 1 and FIGS. 2-3 have been constructed which weigh slightly over two pounds and reach an operating temperature of l96 C within 30 seconds after their respective reservoirs 16 and 116 have been filled with liquid nitrogen at a temperature ofl96 C.
  • a heat transfer device comprising:
  • an elongated housing of low thermal conductivity having an open end and a closed end;
  • a probe member of high thermal conductivity mounted at said closed end of said housing and extending therefrom;
  • capillary wick means longitudinally disposed within said housing for conveying a volatile working fluid from the vicinity of said open end to the vicinity of said closed end of said housing;
  • thermally insulating means disposed about the outer surface of said reservoir means and a substantial portion of the outer lateral surface of said housing.
  • Aheat transfer device according to claim 1 and further including means for providing a vapor exhaust path from said reservoir.
  • a heat transfer device according to claim 2 wherein said means defining said reservoir includes a removable cap member having a vapor exhaust port therein.
  • a heat transfer device according to claim 1 wherein said means defining said reservoir includes first and second detachable members, and means for forming a hermetic seal between said first and second members when in attached relationship.
  • thermally insulating means includes a shell member disposed about and spaced from said housing and a portion of said reservoir means and hermetically bonded thereto, the space between said shell member and said housing and said reservoir portion being evacuated.
  • a heat transfer device for performing cryosurgery by freezing comprising:
  • an elongated tubular housing of low thermal conductivity having an open end and a closed end;
  • a tapered probe member of high thermal conductivity mounted at said closed end of said housing with its portion of greatest cross-section adjacent to said closed end;
  • capillary wick means longitudinally disposed along the inner lateral surface of said housing for conveying a volatile working fluid from the vicinity of said open end to the vicinity of said closed end of said housing;
  • thermally insulating means disposed about the outer surface of said reservoir means and a substantial portion of the outer lateral surface of said housing.
  • a heat transfer device according to claim 6 wherein said means defining said reservoir includes a removable cap member having a vapor exhaust port therein.
  • a heat transfer device according to claim 6 wherein said housing is bent in the region where it enters said working fluid reservoir.
  • a heat transfer device according to claim 6 and further including an essentially U-shaped vent tube having one end extending into said housing via said open end, and an essentially L-shaped exhaust tube in vapor communication with the other end of said vent tube and extending externally of said means defining said reservoir.
  • a heat transfer device comprising:
  • an elongated housing having an open end and a closed end
  • a probe member of high thermal conductivity mounted at said closed end of said housing and extending therefrom;
  • capillary means longitudinally disposed within said housing for conveying a volatile working fluid liquid from the vicinity of said open end to the vicinity of said closed end of said housing;
  • thermal insulating means disposed about some of the outer surface of said reservoir means and some of the outer lateral surface of said housing for thermally insulating those surfaces.
  • a heat transfer device for performing cryosurgery by freezing comprising:
  • an elongated tubular housing having an open end and a closed end;
  • a tapered probe member of high thermal conductivity mounted at said "closed end of said housing with its portion of greatest cross-section adjacent to said closed end;
  • capillary means longitudinally disposed along said housing for conveying a volatile working fluid liq uid from the vicinity of said open end to the vicinity of said closed end of said housing;
  • probe means connected to said capillary means to deliver heat to said cryogenic liquid working fluid to boil said fluid into a gas whereby said probe means is cooled;
  • vapor conduit means for conducting cryogen gas away from said probe means.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
US00207431A 1971-12-13 1971-12-13 Cryogenic heat transfer device Expired - Lifetime US3736936A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US20743171A 1971-12-13 1971-12-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3736936A true US3736936A (en) 1973-06-05

Family

ID=22770513

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00207431A Expired - Lifetime US3736936A (en) 1971-12-13 1971-12-13 Cryogenic heat transfer device

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3736936A (fi)
JP (1) JPS5124835B2 (fi)
AU (1) AU444585B2 (fi)
BR (1) BR7208765D0 (fi)
FR (1) FR2165485A5 (fi)
GB (1) GB1402737A (fi)
IT (1) IT973997B (fi)
SE (1) SE384321B (fi)

Cited By (74)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3786814A (en) * 1972-12-15 1974-01-22 T Armao Method of preventing cryoadhesion of cryosurgical instruments and cryosurgical instruments
WO1996029944A1 (en) * 1995-03-24 1996-10-03 Helfgott & Karas, P.C. Cold-chargeable cryosurgical device
US5738682A (en) * 1993-01-29 1998-04-14 Koninklijke Utermohlen N.V. Apparatus for cooling surfaces
US6161543A (en) * 1993-02-22 2000-12-19 Epicor, Inc. Methods of epicardial ablation for creating a lesion around the pulmonary veins
US6648907B2 (en) 2000-10-05 2003-11-18 Seacoast Technologies, Inc. Neurosurgical device for thermal therapy
US20040034321A1 (en) * 2000-10-05 2004-02-19 Seacoast Technologies, Inc. Conformal pad for neurosurgery and method thereof
US6849072B2 (en) 2000-04-07 2005-02-01 The General Hospital Corporation Methods and apparatus for thermally affecting tissue
US20050082038A1 (en) * 2002-01-29 2005-04-21 Nikolai Korpan Apparatus for cooling components in spacecraft
US20060089689A1 (en) * 2004-10-22 2006-04-27 Hennemann Willard W Method and device for local cooling within an organ using an intravascular device
US7083620B2 (en) 2002-10-30 2006-08-01 Medtronic, Inc. Electrosurgical hemostat
US7094235B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2006-08-22 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for tissue ablation
US7118566B2 (en) 2002-05-16 2006-10-10 Medtronic, Inc. Device and method for needle-less interstitial injection of fluid for ablation of cardiac tissue
US7128740B2 (en) 1996-05-03 2006-10-31 Jacobs Clemens J Method for interrupting conduction paths within the heart
US7156845B2 (en) 1998-07-07 2007-01-02 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for creating a bi-polar virtual electrode used for the ablation of tissue
US7166105B2 (en) 1995-02-22 2007-01-23 Medtronic, Inc. Pen-type electrosurgical instrument
US7169144B2 (en) 1998-07-07 2007-01-30 Medtronic, Inc. Apparatus and method for creating, maintaining, and controlling a virtual electrode used for the ablation of tissue
US7250048B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2007-07-31 Medtronic, Inc. Ablation system and method of use
US7294143B2 (en) 2002-05-16 2007-11-13 Medtronic, Inc. Device and method for ablation of cardiac tissue
US7309325B2 (en) 1998-07-07 2007-12-18 Medtronic, Inc. Helical needle apparatus for creating a virtual electrode used for the ablation of tissue
US20080015562A1 (en) * 2001-04-26 2008-01-17 Medtronic, Inc. Transmural ablation systems and methods
US7347858B2 (en) 2001-12-11 2008-03-25 Medtronic, Inc. Method and system for treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias
US7364578B2 (en) 2002-01-25 2008-04-29 Medtronic, Inc. System and method of performing an electrosurgical procedure
US7367972B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2008-05-06 Medtronic, Inc. Ablation system
US20080114346A1 (en) * 2006-09-18 2008-05-15 Arbel Medical Ltd. Cryosurgical Instrument
US7435250B2 (en) 2000-04-27 2008-10-14 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for tissue ablation
US7470272B2 (en) 1997-07-18 2008-12-30 Medtronic, Inc. Device and method for ablating tissue
US7497857B2 (en) 2003-04-29 2009-03-03 Medtronic, Inc. Endocardial dispersive electrode for use with a monopolar RF ablation pen
US7507235B2 (en) 2001-01-13 2009-03-24 Medtronic, Inc. Method and system for organ positioning and stabilization
US7566334B2 (en) 2004-06-02 2009-07-28 Medtronic, Inc. Ablation device with jaws
US7615015B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2009-11-10 Medtronic, Inc. Focused ultrasound ablation devices having selectively actuatable emitting elements and methods of using the same
US7628780B2 (en) 2001-01-13 2009-12-08 Medtronic, Inc. Devices and methods for interstitial injection of biologic agents into tissue
US7678108B2 (en) 2004-06-02 2010-03-16 Medtronic, Inc. Loop ablation apparatus and method
US7706894B2 (en) 2000-10-10 2010-04-27 Medtronic, Inc. Heart wall ablation/mapping catheter and method
US7706882B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2010-04-27 Medtronic, Inc. Methods of using high intensity focused ultrasound to form an ablated tissue area
US7740623B2 (en) 2001-01-13 2010-06-22 Medtronic, Inc. Devices and methods for interstitial injection of biologic agents into tissue
US7744562B2 (en) 2003-01-14 2010-06-29 Medtronics, Inc. Devices and methods for interstitial injection of biologic agents into tissue
US7758576B2 (en) 2004-06-02 2010-07-20 Medtronic, Inc. Clamping ablation tool and method
US7758580B2 (en) 2004-06-02 2010-07-20 Medtronic, Inc. Compound bipolar ablation device and method
US7818039B2 (en) 2000-04-27 2010-10-19 Medtronic, Inc. Suction stabilized epicardial ablation devices
US7824399B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2010-11-02 Medtronic, Inc. Ablation system and method of use
US7938822B1 (en) 2010-05-12 2011-05-10 Icecure Medical Ltd. Heating and cooling of cryosurgical instrument using a single cryogen
US7967814B2 (en) 2009-02-05 2011-06-28 Icecure Medical Ltd. Cryoprobe with vibrating mechanism
US7967815B1 (en) 2010-03-25 2011-06-28 Icecure Medical Ltd. Cryosurgical instrument with enhanced heat transfer
US7967816B2 (en) 2002-01-25 2011-06-28 Medtronic, Inc. Fluid-assisted electrosurgical instrument with shapeable electrode
US8080005B1 (en) 2010-06-10 2011-12-20 Icecure Medical Ltd. Closed loop cryosurgical pressure and flow regulated system
US8083733B2 (en) 2008-04-16 2011-12-27 Icecure Medical Ltd. Cryosurgical instrument with enhanced heat exchange
US8162933B2 (en) 2000-04-27 2012-04-24 Medtronic, Inc. Vibration sensitive ablation device and method
US8162812B2 (en) 2009-03-12 2012-04-24 Icecure Medical Ltd. Combined cryotherapy and brachytherapy device and method
US8221402B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2012-07-17 Medtronic, Inc. Method for guiding a medical device
US8333764B2 (en) 2004-05-12 2012-12-18 Medtronic, Inc. Device and method for determining tissue thickness and creating cardiac ablation lesions
US8409219B2 (en) 2004-06-18 2013-04-02 Medtronic, Inc. Method and system for placement of electrical lead inside heart
US8512337B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2013-08-20 Medtronic, Inc. Method and system for treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias
US8568409B2 (en) 2000-03-06 2013-10-29 Medtronic Advanced Energy Llc Fluid-assisted medical devices, systems and methods
US8632533B2 (en) 2009-02-23 2014-01-21 Medtronic Advanced Energy Llc Fluid-assisted electrosurgical device
US8663245B2 (en) 2004-06-18 2014-03-04 Medtronic, Inc. Device for occlusion of a left atrial appendage
US8801707B2 (en) 2004-05-14 2014-08-12 Medtronic, Inc. Method and devices for treating atrial fibrillation by mass ablation
US8821488B2 (en) 2008-05-13 2014-09-02 Medtronic, Inc. Tissue lesion evaluation
US8926635B2 (en) 2004-06-18 2015-01-06 Medtronic, Inc. Methods and devices for occlusion of an atrial appendage
US9227088B2 (en) 2006-05-25 2016-01-05 Medtronic, Inc. Methods of using high intensity focused ultrasound to form an ablated tissue area containing a plurality of lesions
US9381061B2 (en) 2000-03-06 2016-07-05 Medtronic Advanced Energy Llc Fluid-assisted medical devices, systems and methods
US9974599B2 (en) 2014-08-15 2018-05-22 Medtronic Ps Medical, Inc. Multipurpose electrosurgical device
US10335280B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2019-07-02 Medtronic, Inc. Method for ablating target tissue of a patient
CN110537973A (zh) * 2019-10-15 2019-12-06 宜宾市第一人民医院 一种用于静脉曲张微创治疗的双极电凝导管
CN110627148A (zh) * 2019-10-29 2019-12-31 南京聪诺信息科技有限公司 一种叠加式毛细力驱动水处理装置
WO2020076675A1 (en) * 2018-10-08 2020-04-16 Vitatrop Inc. Cryogenic applicator
WO2020112741A1 (en) * 2018-11-26 2020-06-04 Concept Group Llc Enhanced heat conduction components
US10823326B2 (en) 2016-11-15 2020-11-03 Concept Group Llc Enhanced vacuum-insulated articles with controlled microporous insulation
US10923691B2 (en) 2015-08-24 2021-02-16 Concept Group, Llc Sealed packages for electronic and energy storage devices
US11008153B2 (en) 2016-11-15 2021-05-18 Concept Group Llp Multiply-insulated assemblies
US11204127B2 (en) 2012-10-03 2021-12-21 Concept Group, Llc Vacuum insulated structure with end fitting and method of making same
CN113907065A (zh) * 2021-11-08 2022-01-11 深圳先进技术研究院 换液处理芯片和冷冻载杆
US11320086B2 (en) 2017-08-25 2022-05-03 Concept Group Llc Multiple geometry and multiple material insulated components
US11633224B2 (en) 2020-02-10 2023-04-25 Icecure Medical Ltd. Cryogen pump
US11702271B2 (en) 2016-03-04 2023-07-18 Concept Group Llc Vacuum insulated articles with reflective material enhancement

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CS217448B1 (en) * 1980-07-15 1983-01-28 Vladimir Matena Cryosurgical tool
GB2409815A (en) * 2004-01-12 2005-07-13 Martin Lister Cryosurgical instrument
RU2553190C1 (ru) * 2014-04-11 2015-06-10 Евгений Яковлевич Гаткин Криоаппликатор
RU2687652C1 (ru) * 2019-01-10 2019-05-15 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Конструкторское бюро "Медицинская техника" Способ криохирургического воздействия
CN113384341A (zh) * 2021-07-06 2021-09-14 海杰亚（北京）医疗器械有限公司 一种用于自然腔道疾病治疗的冷冻球囊装置

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3190081A (en) * 1963-07-26 1965-06-22 Sulfrian Cryogenics Inc Cryogenic applicator with probe means
US3421508A (en) * 1966-08-31 1969-01-14 Union Mfg Co Cryosurgical probe
US3434477A (en) * 1966-11-23 1969-03-25 Univ Northwestern Surgical instrument
US3455304A (en) * 1966-10-06 1969-07-15 Mt Sinai Hospital Of Cleveland Cryoextractor
US3485060A (en) * 1968-05-16 1969-12-23 Beech Aircraft Corp Livestock branding apparatus
US3532094A (en) * 1967-07-20 1970-10-06 Norman O Stahl Cryogenic-instrument with detachable probe
US3568464A (en) * 1969-03-10 1971-03-09 James E Drayson Freeze branding iron
US3618610A (en) * 1970-04-22 1971-11-09 Kidde & Co Walter Cryogenic surgical apparatus

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3190081A (en) * 1963-07-26 1965-06-22 Sulfrian Cryogenics Inc Cryogenic applicator with probe means
US3421508A (en) * 1966-08-31 1969-01-14 Union Mfg Co Cryosurgical probe
US3455304A (en) * 1966-10-06 1969-07-15 Mt Sinai Hospital Of Cleveland Cryoextractor
US3434477A (en) * 1966-11-23 1969-03-25 Univ Northwestern Surgical instrument
US3532094A (en) * 1967-07-20 1970-10-06 Norman O Stahl Cryogenic-instrument with detachable probe
US3485060A (en) * 1968-05-16 1969-12-23 Beech Aircraft Corp Livestock branding apparatus
US3568464A (en) * 1969-03-10 1971-03-09 James E Drayson Freeze branding iron
US3618610A (en) * 1970-04-22 1971-11-09 Kidde & Co Walter Cryogenic surgical apparatus

Cited By (115)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3786814A (en) * 1972-12-15 1974-01-22 T Armao Method of preventing cryoadhesion of cryosurgical instruments and cryosurgical instruments
US6387090B1 (en) 1993-01-29 2002-05-14 Orasure Tehcnologies, Inc. Methods and apparatus for cooling surfaces
US5738682A (en) * 1993-01-29 1998-04-14 Koninklijke Utermohlen N.V. Apparatus for cooling surfaces
US6092527A (en) * 1993-01-29 2000-07-25 Stc Technologies Inc. Method for cooling surfaces
US6161543A (en) * 1993-02-22 2000-12-19 Epicor, Inc. Methods of epicardial ablation for creating a lesion around the pulmonary veins
US7247155B2 (en) 1995-02-22 2007-07-24 Medtronic, Inc. Apparatus and method for creating, maintaining, and controlling a virtual electrode used for the ablation of tissue
US7422588B2 (en) 1995-02-22 2008-09-09 Medtronic, Inc. Pen-type electrosurgical instrument
US9770282B2 (en) 1995-02-22 2017-09-26 Medtronic, Inc. Apparatus and method for creating, maintaining, and controlling a virtual electrode used for the ablation of tissue
US7166105B2 (en) 1995-02-22 2007-01-23 Medtronic, Inc. Pen-type electrosurgical instrument
US7794460B2 (en) 1995-02-22 2010-09-14 Medtronic, Inc. Method of ablating tissue
WO1996029944A1 (en) * 1995-03-24 1996-10-03 Helfgott & Karas, P.C. Cold-chargeable cryosurgical device
US7128740B2 (en) 1996-05-03 2006-10-31 Jacobs Clemens J Method for interrupting conduction paths within the heart
US7470272B2 (en) 1997-07-18 2008-12-30 Medtronic, Inc. Device and method for ablating tissue
US7678111B2 (en) 1997-07-18 2010-03-16 Medtronic, Inc. Device and method for ablating tissue
US7309325B2 (en) 1998-07-07 2007-12-18 Medtronic, Inc. Helical needle apparatus for creating a virtual electrode used for the ablation of tissue
US7699805B2 (en) 1998-07-07 2010-04-20 Medtronic, Inc. Helical coil apparatus for ablation of tissue
US20080091194A1 (en) * 1998-07-07 2008-04-17 Mulier Peter M Helical coil apparatus for ablation of tissue
US7156845B2 (en) 1998-07-07 2007-01-02 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for creating a bi-polar virtual electrode used for the ablation of tissue
US7169144B2 (en) 1998-07-07 2007-01-30 Medtronic, Inc. Apparatus and method for creating, maintaining, and controlling a virtual electrode used for the ablation of tissue
US9113896B2 (en) 1998-07-07 2015-08-25 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for creating a bi-polar virtual electrode used for the ablation of tissue
US10335280B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2019-07-02 Medtronic, Inc. Method for ablating target tissue of a patient
US8221402B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2012-07-17 Medtronic, Inc. Method for guiding a medical device
US7615015B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2009-11-10 Medtronic, Inc. Focused ultrasound ablation devices having selectively actuatable emitting elements and methods of using the same
US7706882B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2010-04-27 Medtronic, Inc. Methods of using high intensity focused ultrasound to form an ablated tissue area
US9381061B2 (en) 2000-03-06 2016-07-05 Medtronic Advanced Energy Llc Fluid-assisted medical devices, systems and methods
US8568409B2 (en) 2000-03-06 2013-10-29 Medtronic Advanced Energy Llc Fluid-assisted medical devices, systems and methods
US6849072B2 (en) 2000-04-07 2005-02-01 The General Hospital Corporation Methods and apparatus for thermally affecting tissue
US8162933B2 (en) 2000-04-27 2012-04-24 Medtronic, Inc. Vibration sensitive ablation device and method
US7818039B2 (en) 2000-04-27 2010-10-19 Medtronic, Inc. Suction stabilized epicardial ablation devices
US7435250B2 (en) 2000-04-27 2008-10-14 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for tissue ablation
US9693819B2 (en) 2000-04-27 2017-07-04 Medtronic, Inc. Vibration sensitive ablation device and method
US6923826B2 (en) 2000-10-05 2005-08-02 Seacoast Technologies, Inc. Neurosurgical device for thermal therapy
US6899726B2 (en) 2000-10-05 2005-05-31 Seacoast Technologies, Inc. Expandable device for thermal therapy including spiral element
US6743200B2 (en) 2000-10-05 2004-06-01 Seacoast Technologies, Inc. Expandable device for thermal therapy
US20040049250A1 (en) * 2000-10-05 2004-03-11 Lamard Donald J. Neurosurgical device for thermal therapy
US20040034321A1 (en) * 2000-10-05 2004-02-19 Seacoast Technologies, Inc. Conformal pad for neurosurgery and method thereof
US6660026B2 (en) 2000-10-05 2003-12-09 Seacoast Technologies, Inc. Multi-tipped cooling probe
US6652566B2 (en) 2000-10-05 2003-11-25 Seacoast Technologies, Inc. Neurosurgical device for thermal therapy including spiral element
US6648907B2 (en) 2000-10-05 2003-11-18 Seacoast Technologies, Inc. Neurosurgical device for thermal therapy
US7706894B2 (en) 2000-10-10 2010-04-27 Medtronic, Inc. Heart wall ablation/mapping catheter and method
US8706260B2 (en) 2000-10-10 2014-04-22 Medtronic, Inc. Heart wall ablation/mapping catheter and method
US7507235B2 (en) 2001-01-13 2009-03-24 Medtronic, Inc. Method and system for organ positioning and stabilization
US7740623B2 (en) 2001-01-13 2010-06-22 Medtronic, Inc. Devices and methods for interstitial injection of biologic agents into tissue
US7628780B2 (en) 2001-01-13 2009-12-08 Medtronic, Inc. Devices and methods for interstitial injection of biologic agents into tissue
US7250051B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2007-07-31 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for tissue ablation
US7824399B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2010-11-02 Medtronic, Inc. Ablation system and method of use
US20080015562A1 (en) * 2001-04-26 2008-01-17 Medtronic, Inc. Transmural ablation systems and methods
US8262649B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2012-09-11 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for tissue ablation
US7250048B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2007-07-31 Medtronic, Inc. Ablation system and method of use
US8221415B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2012-07-17 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for tissue ablation
US7959626B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2011-06-14 Medtronic, Inc. Transmural ablation systems and methods
US7367972B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2008-05-06 Medtronic, Inc. Ablation system
US8512337B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2013-08-20 Medtronic, Inc. Method and system for treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias
US7094235B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2006-08-22 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for tissue ablation
US7347858B2 (en) 2001-12-11 2008-03-25 Medtronic, Inc. Method and system for treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias
US7364578B2 (en) 2002-01-25 2008-04-29 Medtronic, Inc. System and method of performing an electrosurgical procedure
US8623010B2 (en) 2002-01-25 2014-01-07 Medtronic, Inc. Cardiac mapping instrument with shapeable electrode
US7967816B2 (en) 2002-01-25 2011-06-28 Medtronic, Inc. Fluid-assisted electrosurgical instrument with shapeable electrode
US20050082038A1 (en) * 2002-01-29 2005-04-21 Nikolai Korpan Apparatus for cooling components in spacecraft
US7118566B2 (en) 2002-05-16 2006-10-10 Medtronic, Inc. Device and method for needle-less interstitial injection of fluid for ablation of cardiac tissue
US8414573B2 (en) 2002-05-16 2013-04-09 Medtronic, Inc. Device and method for ablation of cardiac tissue
US7975703B2 (en) 2002-05-16 2011-07-12 Medtronic, Inc. Device and method for needle-less interstitial injection of fluid for ablation of cardiac tissue
US7294143B2 (en) 2002-05-16 2007-11-13 Medtronic, Inc. Device and method for ablation of cardiac tissue
US7963963B2 (en) 2002-10-30 2011-06-21 Medtronic, Inc. Electrosurgical hemostat
US7083620B2 (en) 2002-10-30 2006-08-01 Medtronic, Inc. Electrosurgical hemostat
US8273072B2 (en) 2003-01-14 2012-09-25 Medtronic, Inc. Devices and methods for interstitial injection of biologic agents into tissue
US7744562B2 (en) 2003-01-14 2010-06-29 Medtronics, Inc. Devices and methods for interstitial injection of biologic agents into tissue
US7871409B2 (en) 2003-04-29 2011-01-18 Medtronic, Inc. Endocardial dispersive electrode for use with a monopolar RF ablation pen
US7497857B2 (en) 2003-04-29 2009-03-03 Medtronic, Inc. Endocardial dispersive electrode for use with a monopolar RF ablation pen
US8333764B2 (en) 2004-05-12 2012-12-18 Medtronic, Inc. Device and method for determining tissue thickness and creating cardiac ablation lesions
US8801707B2 (en) 2004-05-14 2014-08-12 Medtronic, Inc. Method and devices for treating atrial fibrillation by mass ablation
US7566334B2 (en) 2004-06-02 2009-07-28 Medtronic, Inc. Ablation device with jaws
US7758580B2 (en) 2004-06-02 2010-07-20 Medtronic, Inc. Compound bipolar ablation device and method
US8162941B2 (en) 2004-06-02 2012-04-24 Medtronic, Inc. Ablation device with jaws
US20090270857A1 (en) * 2004-06-02 2009-10-29 Christian Steven C Ablation Device with Jaws
US8172837B2 (en) 2004-06-02 2012-05-08 Medtronic, Inc. Clamping ablation tool and method
US7678108B2 (en) 2004-06-02 2010-03-16 Medtronic, Inc. Loop ablation apparatus and method
US7758576B2 (en) 2004-06-02 2010-07-20 Medtronic, Inc. Clamping ablation tool and method
US7875028B2 (en) 2004-06-02 2011-01-25 Medtronic, Inc. Ablation device with jaws
US8926635B2 (en) 2004-06-18 2015-01-06 Medtronic, Inc. Methods and devices for occlusion of an atrial appendage
US8663245B2 (en) 2004-06-18 2014-03-04 Medtronic, Inc. Device for occlusion of a left atrial appendage
US8409219B2 (en) 2004-06-18 2013-04-02 Medtronic, Inc. Method and system for placement of electrical lead inside heart
US9656063B2 (en) 2004-06-18 2017-05-23 Medtronic, Inc. Method and system for placement of electrical lead inside heart
US20060089689A1 (en) * 2004-10-22 2006-04-27 Hennemann Willard W Method and device for local cooling within an organ using an intravascular device
US8672988B2 (en) 2004-10-22 2014-03-18 Medtronic Cryocath Lp Method and device for local cooling within an organ using an intravascular device
US9931134B2 (en) 2006-05-25 2018-04-03 Medtronic, Inc. Methods of using high intensity focused ultrasound to form an ablated tissue area containing a plurality of lesions
US9227088B2 (en) 2006-05-25 2016-01-05 Medtronic, Inc. Methods of using high intensity focused ultrasound to form an ablated tissue area containing a plurality of lesions
US10589130B2 (en) 2006-05-25 2020-03-17 Medtronic, Inc. Methods of using high intensity focused ultrasound to form an ablated tissue area containing a plurality of lesions
US9724119B2 (en) 2006-05-25 2017-08-08 Medtronic, Inc. Methods of using high intensity focused ultrasound to form an ablated tissue area containing a plurality of lesions
US20080114346A1 (en) * 2006-09-18 2008-05-15 Arbel Medical Ltd. Cryosurgical Instrument
US8083733B2 (en) 2008-04-16 2011-12-27 Icecure Medical Ltd. Cryosurgical instrument with enhanced heat exchange
US8821488B2 (en) 2008-05-13 2014-09-02 Medtronic, Inc. Tissue lesion evaluation
US7967814B2 (en) 2009-02-05 2011-06-28 Icecure Medical Ltd. Cryoprobe with vibrating mechanism
US8632533B2 (en) 2009-02-23 2014-01-21 Medtronic Advanced Energy Llc Fluid-assisted electrosurgical device
US9486283B2 (en) 2009-02-23 2016-11-08 Medtronic Advanced Energy Llc Fluid-assisted electrosurgical device
US8162812B2 (en) 2009-03-12 2012-04-24 Icecure Medical Ltd. Combined cryotherapy and brachytherapy device and method
US7967815B1 (en) 2010-03-25 2011-06-28 Icecure Medical Ltd. Cryosurgical instrument with enhanced heat transfer
US7938822B1 (en) 2010-05-12 2011-05-10 Icecure Medical Ltd. Heating and cooling of cryosurgical instrument using a single cryogen
US8080005B1 (en) 2010-06-10 2011-12-20 Icecure Medical Ltd. Closed loop cryosurgical pressure and flow regulated system
US11204127B2 (en) 2012-10-03 2021-12-21 Concept Group, Llc Vacuum insulated structure with end fitting and method of making same
US9974599B2 (en) 2014-08-15 2018-05-22 Medtronic Ps Medical, Inc. Multipurpose electrosurgical device
US10923691B2 (en) 2015-08-24 2021-02-16 Concept Group, Llc Sealed packages for electronic and energy storage devices
US11702271B2 (en) 2016-03-04 2023-07-18 Concept Group Llc Vacuum insulated articles with reflective material enhancement
US11548717B2 (en) 2016-11-15 2023-01-10 Concept Group Llc Multiply-insulated assemblies
US10823326B2 (en) 2016-11-15 2020-11-03 Concept Group Llc Enhanced vacuum-insulated articles with controlled microporous insulation
US11008153B2 (en) 2016-11-15 2021-05-18 Concept Group Llp Multiply-insulated assemblies
US11320086B2 (en) 2017-08-25 2022-05-03 Concept Group Llc Multiple geometry and multiple material insulated components
WO2020076675A1 (en) * 2018-10-08 2020-04-16 Vitatrop Inc. Cryogenic applicator
US20210378727A1 (en) * 2018-10-08 2021-12-09 Vitatrop Inc. Cryogenic Applicator
WO2020112741A1 (en) * 2018-11-26 2020-06-04 Concept Group Llc Enhanced heat conduction components
CN110537973A (zh) * 2019-10-15 2019-12-06 宜宾市第一人民医院 一种用于静脉曲张微创治疗的双极电凝导管
CN110627148A (zh) * 2019-10-29 2019-12-31 南京聪诺信息科技有限公司 一种叠加式毛细力驱动水处理装置
US11633224B2 (en) 2020-02-10 2023-04-25 Icecure Medical Ltd. Cryogen pump
CN113907065A (zh) * 2021-11-08 2022-01-11 深圳先进技术研究院 换液处理芯片和冷冻载杆
CN113907065B (zh) * 2021-11-08 2022-06-14 深圳先进技术研究院 换液处理芯片和冷冻载杆

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR7208765D0 (pt) 1973-12-18
GB1402737A (en) 1975-08-13
JPS4865790A (fi) 1973-09-10
SE384321B (sv) 1976-05-03
AU444585B2 (en) 1974-01-31
IT973997B (it) 1974-06-10
JPS5124835B2 (fi) 1976-07-27
DE2260128B2 (fi) 1974-05-16
AU4984872A (en) 1974-01-31
DE2260128A1 (de) 1973-06-28
FR2165485A5 (fi) 1973-08-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3736936A (en) Cryogenic heat transfer device
US3712306A (en) Cryogenic application chamber and method
JPS6031686Y2 (ja) 低温外科器具
US5254116A (en) Cryosurgical instrument with vent holes and method using same
US5860970A (en) Cryosurgical instrument
US3993075A (en) Disposable, defrostable cryosurgical probe
TW557219B (en) Quick-freezing medical device
US4206759A (en) Surgical instrument having self-regulated vapor condensation heating of its cutting edge and method of using the same
CA2091893A1 (en) Cryosurgical instrument and system and method of cryosurgery
US3736937A (en) Cryogenic tool
US3220414A (en) Surgical cannula
US3259131A (en) Cryogenic probes for surgical use
US3651813A (en) Cryosurgical delivery and application of liquefied gas coolant
US3534739A (en) Cryosurgical delivery and application of liquified gas coolant
US20210378727A1 (en) Cryogenic Applicator
US3658066A (en) Cryosurgical appliance
US3333587A (en) Cryosurgical device
GB1457981A (en) Refrigerating apparatus for medical use
GB2244922A (en) Cryogenic device
GB2289413A (en) Cryosurgical instrument
WO1998020275A1 (en) A method for cryopreservation of biological samples
US4162677A (en) Cryogenic device and method for necrotizing and shaving live tissue
US2825339A (en) Refrigeration applicator
US3455304A (en) Cryoextractor
GB2289412A (en) Cryosurgical instrument