US3733611A - Rectilinear polarization antennas - Google Patents

Rectilinear polarization antennas Download PDF

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Publication number
US3733611A
US3733611A US00157966A US3733611DA US3733611A US 3733611 A US3733611 A US 3733611A US 00157966 A US00157966 A US 00157966A US 3733611D A US3733611D A US 3733611DA US 3733611 A US3733611 A US 3733611A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tubes
antennas
antenna
tube
conductors
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00157966A
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English (en)
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H Becavin
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/26—Turnstile or like antennas comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/18—Vertical disposition of the antenna

Definitions

  • the present invention has for its object a rectilinear polarization antenna making it possible to obtain in the E-plane a radiation pattern similar to that of an elementary dipole, or to that of several such dipoles and, in the second case, to avoid undesired coupling between the different elementary radiation patterns.
  • a rectilinear polarization antenna comprises at least two parallel metal tubes, which will be referred to as the first and second tubes, closed at their ends by two metal plates perpendicular to their axes, and a conductor associated with said two tubes, passing through said first tube and connected to a point of the external surface of said second tube.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section through a two-tube antenna in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a transverse section through an antenna in accordance with the invention, usable for obtaining a cardioid radiation pattern
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a supply circuit for the antenna of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a variant embodiment of the antenna of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a transverse section of another variant embodiment of the antenna of FIG. 2 and FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a group of two antennas according to FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in the form of a vertical section taken through their axes, two cylindrical metal tubes 1 and 2 of the same length L and diameter D closed off at their ends by two plates 3 and 4 perpendicular to their axes.
  • a coaxial cable 5 passes through the plate 4 to the inside of the tube 1 its outer conductor 6 is connected to the periphery of an opening 7 formed in the tube 1 at a distance k from the plate 4-, and its inner conductor 8 is connected at 9 to the external surface of the tube 2 through a connection 10
  • the points 7 and 9 are preferably located in the plane passing through the axes of the tubes and at the same distance from the plate 4
  • the radiating element thus created presents characteristics similar to .those of an elementary dipole in the E-plane provided the distance d is sufficiently small as compared with the operation wavelength A In the H- plane the radiation pattern depends upon the length L and, for L M2 approximates that of a dipole of the same length.
  • the matching of the coaxial cable 5 can readily be achieved by an appropriate choice of the distance k
  • Such an antenna lends itself particularly well to the formation of groups, in particular for the antennas of phase-measuring omnidirectional radio beacons designed for radio-navigation and more particularly to the antennas of O.R.B.s or V.O.R.s (V.I-I.F. omnidirectional radio range).
  • the antenna system of a radio beacon of the V.O.R. type for example which enables low-frequency phase-measurement characteristic of the azimuthal angle to be carried out, radiates simultaneously at the same carrier frequency two horizontally polarized electromagnetic field components.
  • the azimuthal radiation pattern of the first component is ideally at a given moment that of a frame antenna of infinitesimal dimensions, taking the form of two identical circles tangenting at a point identical with said frame, said radiationpattern rotating for example at a rate of 30 revolutions per second.
  • the azimuthal radiation lobe of the second component is omnidirectional.
  • the rotating pattern of the first lobe is generally obtained by producing two identical patterns with fixed orientations, perpendicular to one another, the radiated fields being obtained by means of high-frequency signals having the same frequency and phase and being amplitude modulated by a signal the frequency of which determines the rotation speed of the resultant lobe, for example 30 cycles per second, the modulating signal being applied in quadrature to the two HF signals.
  • the first two solutions lead to a distortion of the radiation pattern, as seen from an aircraft, as a function of its elevation and the inclination of its antenna.
  • the third solution requires critical adjustments, inasmuch as each of the two radiation patterns having a fixed orientation is obtained by the superimposition of two substantially omnidirectional patterns.
  • the four-tube antenna according to the invention eliminates the drawbacks of these different solutions while preserving the advantages of each one.
  • FIG. 2 four elementary antennas, similar to that in FIG. 1 have been shown in horizontal section, the section being taken at the level of the supply points.
  • Two additional cylindrical tubes 14 and 15 make it possible, with the tubes 1 and 2 to form four identical antennas.
  • the axes of the four tubes intersect an horizontal plane at the four apices of a square.
  • a first elementary antenna comprises the tubes 1 and 2 the same numerals as those of FIG. 1 being used to designate similar elements of this antenna; a second antenna comprises the tubes 14 and 15 a third antenna the tubes 1 and 14 and a fourth antenna the tubes 2 and 15
  • the last three antennas are respectively provided with connections 12, 18 and 17 corresponding to the connection 10 of the first one, and respectively connected to the inner conductors 16, 20 and 19 of coaxial cables respectively passing through the tubes 15,
  • the antennas with the connexions and 12 form a first pair, and the two others form a second pair.
  • the four cables will be hereinafter designated by the same reference numbers as their inner conductors.
  • the feeding in phase opposition of the cables 8 and 16 makes it possible to obtain in the E-plane a radiation pattern which has a null in the direction of the straight line, joining, in the cross-section of FIG. 2 the points marked 8 and 9, and a maximum in the direction perpendicular to the aforesaid direction.
  • This pattern is for all practical purposes identical to that which is obtained with a two-tube antenna.
  • the feeding, in phase opposition, of the cables 19 and 20 makes it possible to obtain a pattern derived from the preceding one by a 90 rotation.
  • This antenna structure has this advantage that the shape of each one of the two radiation patterns is independent of the phase and amplitude variation of the feeding currents.
  • FIG. 3 the opposite terminals 8 and 16 of the hybrid bridge circuit 21 and those 19 and 20 of another such circuit 22 are respectively connected to the similarly numbered coaxial cables of FIG. 2.
  • the output 23 of a signal generator 27 supplies the terminals 24 and 25 of the respective circuits 21 and 22 across the power divider 26.
  • the signal generator 27 supplies the fourth terminal 29 of the circuit 21 through its second output 28 and the terminal 30 of the circuit 22 through its third output 33 with signals which have the same HF and phase as those delivered at the output 23 and which are modulated by two signals of the same low frequency and in phase quadrature. All the arms of the circuits 21 and 22 have an electrical length of one quarter wave, except the arms 31 (16-19) and 32 (33-20) whose electrical length is three quarters of a wavelength.
  • this circuit enables the four cables 8, 16, 19 and 20 (FIG. 2) to be supplied in phase through the corresponding connecting points 8, 16, 19, 20 (FIG. 2) by the output 23 of the signal generator 27 provided that all the cables have appropriate lengths.
  • the output 28 of the generator 27 supplies in phase opposition the cables 8 and 16 and the output 33 supplies in phase opposition the cables 19 and 20.
  • the length of the coaxial feeder cables being chosen in such a way as to introduce a given phaseshift between the signals supplying each antenna with the result of a corresponding tilt in the radiated lobe, above the horizon.
  • FIG. 4 the four tubes 1, 2, l4 and 15 and the visible connections 10 and 12 identical to those shown in section in FIG. 2, are inserted between two identical radiator frames 40 and 41 whose centers of symmetry coincide with the axis of symmetry of the four-tube arrangement.
  • Each frame is made up of four quadrants.
  • the quadrants 43 and 44 form a curved dipole, which is small as compared with the wavelength, M6 for example.
  • This dipole is fed at its center, at 47 and 48 by a two-wire line and its two ends form two capacitors with the ends of a second identical curved dipole formed by the quadrants 45 and 46.
  • the second curved dipole is also fed at its center by the same two-wire line as the first one, the quadrants 43 and 46 being connected to a wire of this line, and the quadrants 44 and 45 to the other wire.
  • the twowire line is coupled through a balun to a coaxial cable passing through one of the four tubes.
  • the construction of the antenna array by vertical stacking is effected in the same fashion as that already described but it has been found possible to combine in a single radiator frame the two frames which were located side by side in the stacked arrangement, the single frame being identical to these two aforementioned frames.
  • FIG. 6 a stack of two antennas identical to that of FIG. 4 is shown, the frame 40 being common to the two stacked antennas.
  • the figure also illustrates a circular counterpoise 50.
  • the latter can be reduced to a diameter of between 2 and 3 wavelengths.
  • this latter variant embodiment makes it possible to obtain a gain of some 2 db in relation to that quoted hereinbefore in respect of small elevational angles, due to the flattening of the radiation pattern in relation to the omnidirectional pattern obtained with the four tubes.
  • tubes themselves may be used to form the outer conductors of the coaxial cables, provided only one cable corresponds to one tube.
  • the fourtube antenna may be simplified by using only one two-tube antenna such as shown in FIG. 1 to radiate each one of the two radiation patterns having fixed orientations.
  • the four tubes forming the two antennas are then arranged in a square as in FIG. 2 but one antenna being formed by the tubes 1 and and the other one by the tubes 2 and 14 Only two cables are then associated thereto, for example, the cables 8 and of the FIG. 2 the inner conductors of which being now connected to the tubes 15 and 2 respectively.
  • the omnidirectional radiation pattern is obtained by other means, for example in the same way as for the antenna of FIG. 4
  • a rectilinear polarization antenna comprising at least two parallel metal tubes having respective external surfaces and respective ends, said tubes being located side by side, and the diameter of said tubes being greater than their spacing, two metal plates closing said tubes at their ends perpendicularly to their axes, and a feed conductor passing through one of said two tubes and connected to a point of the external surface of the other of said two tubes.
  • An antenna as claimed in claim 1 comprising a coaxial cable located inside said one tube, and having an outer conductor and an inner conductor, said inner conductor being said feed conductor and said outer conductor being connected to said one tube at the same distance, relatively to said plates, as said connection point.
  • a group of antennas comprising at least two vertically stacked antennas as claimed in claim 1.
  • An antenna for radiating, with horizontal polarization, a rotating lobe comprising four vertical metal tubes having respective external surfaces and respective ends, the diameter of said tubes being greater than their spacing, two horizontal metal plates closing off said ends, four conductors each of which passes through one of said four tubes, said tubes being so located that their axes intersect a horizontal plane at the apices of a square, each of said conductors being connected to the external surface of one of said tubes other than the one through which it passes.
  • each of said tubes is connected to a single one of said conductors.
  • a group of antennas comprising at least two vertically stacked antennas as in claim 4.
  • a group of two antennas each of said antennas comprising two parallel metal tubes, having respective ends and respective external surfaces, the diameter of said tubes being greater than their spacing, and a feed conductor passing through one of said two tubes and connected to a point of the external surface of the other of said two tubes, said group of antennas comprising two metal plates closing off the four tubes of said two antennas at their ends, the intersection of the axes of the four tubes of said antennas with an horizontal plane being the apices of a-square, and the intersection of the axes of the two tubes of each antenna being at two diagonally opposite apices of said square.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
US00157966A 1970-07-17 1971-06-29 Rectilinear polarization antennas Expired - Lifetime US3733611A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7026431A FR2104689B1 (en:Method) 1970-07-17 1970-07-17

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US3733611A true US3733611A (en) 1973-05-15

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US (1) US3733611A (en:Method)
JP (1) JPS579241B1 (en:Method)
BE (1) BE768464A (en:Method)
CA (1) CA931640A (en:Method)
DE (1) DE2135687A1 (en:Method)
FR (1) FR2104689B1 (en:Method)
GB (1) GB1310794A (en:Method)
LU (1) LU63542A1 (en:Method)
NL (1) NL173801C (en:Method)
NO (1) NO130658C (en:Method)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6020860A (en) * 1997-04-29 2000-02-01 Howell Laboratories, Inc. Antenna inner conductor and shorts system
US6452562B1 (en) * 1999-06-07 2002-09-17 Honeywell International Inc. Antenna system for ground based applications

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3128952A1 (de) * 1981-07-22 1983-02-10 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart "antenne fuer ein drehfunkfeuer"
DE3430127C2 (de) * 1984-08-16 1987-04-02 Krauss-Maffei AG, 8000 München Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von feinkörnigen Feststoffpartikeln
JPS60188009A (ja) * 1984-03-08 1985-09-25 ヤンマー農機株式会社 刈取機における刈高さ制御装置

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA518722A (en) * 1955-11-22 Canadian Marconi Company Resonant transmission line antenna

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA518722A (en) * 1955-11-22 Canadian Marconi Company Resonant transmission line antenna

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6020860A (en) * 1997-04-29 2000-02-01 Howell Laboratories, Inc. Antenna inner conductor and shorts system
US6452562B1 (en) * 1999-06-07 2002-09-17 Honeywell International Inc. Antenna system for ground based applications

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2135687A1 (de) 1972-01-20
FR2104689B1 (en:Method) 1975-01-10
NL7109699A (en:Method) 1972-01-19
NO130658B (en:Method) 1974-10-07
NL173801C (nl) 1984-03-01
AU3113471A (en) 1973-01-18
NL173801B (nl) 1983-10-03
CA931640A (en) 1973-08-07
LU63542A1 (en:Method) 1971-11-16
NO130658C (en:Method) 1975-01-15
GB1310794A (en) 1973-03-21
BE768464A (fr) 1971-11-03
FR2104689A1 (en:Method) 1972-04-21
JPS579241B1 (en:Method) 1982-02-20

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