US3731461A - Drift eliminators for atmospheric cooling tower - Google Patents

Drift eliminators for atmospheric cooling tower Download PDF

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Publication number
US3731461A
US3731461A US00026317A US3731461DA US3731461A US 3731461 A US3731461 A US 3731461A US 00026317 A US00026317 A US 00026317A US 3731461D A US3731461D A US 3731461DA US 3731461 A US3731461 A US 3731461A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tubes
air
outlet
tower
fins
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00026317A
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English (en)
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M Hamon
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Hamon Sobelco SA
SOC HAMON SOBELCO
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Hamon Sobelco SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C1/00—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
    • F28C1/14—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers comprising also a non-direct contact heat exchange
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/11—Cooling towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/77—Plume abatement

Definitions

  • a layer of finned tubes is provided to heat the moist air prior to its issuance from the tower.
  • the fins have a shape similar to conventional drift eliminator blades and thus the blades,
  • the above-mentioned tubes can be fitted with vertical outlet tubes or nozzles such that the finned tubes fulfill the following functions:
  • a cooling tower is a device wherein an exchange of heat takes place between a liquid such as water from a power plant installation and atmospheric air. This liquid is allowed to play or drip down from a plurality of nozzles or other outlet means through a heatexchange grid within the cooling tower.
  • the cooling towers may be of a considerable vertical extent and are defined by criss-crossed, for example, wooden boards, slats, or the like, which define a plurality of contact surfaces to interrupt and deflect the falling liquid and to bring about intimate contact between the liquid and the cooling gas stream, generally air.
  • the cooling tower may be of the natural or of the induced draft type. In an induced draft type, i
  • the hot water generally enters from the top of the cooling tower and by the time it reaches the bottom has experienced an appreciable temperature drop.
  • the air as it exits from the cooling tower will be at a higher temperature than the air which enters the cooling tower because of the heat exchange with the warm liquid.
  • the atmospheric natural draft or mechanical draft cooling towers offer the drawback of giving generally a vapor plume at the outlet of the hot air, which causes drizzle precipitation of droplets in the neighborhood of the tower. Such precipitation is not desirable for a variety of reasons; for example, droplets of water may freeze on nearby roads in the winter thus creating a safety hazard. Further, atmospheric pollution due to the precipitating droplets collecting smoke and other impurities may take place. Conventional drift eliminators normally provided in atmospheric cooling towers above the heat transfer packing in the tower only partially avoid the abovementioned drawbacks.
  • Conventional drift eliminators are generally constructed of metal, plastic or asbestos cement and the blades or fins thereof are shaped to cause a baffling of the air passing therebetween.
  • the baffling of the air often results in the failure of the fins or blades to remove the smallest airborne droplets constituting the fog or mist leaving the tower.
  • the present invention is directed to drift eliminators generally consisting of one or more layers of metallic finned tubes, with the fins being arranged similarly to the arrangement of fins in conventional drift eliminators.
  • the tubes associated with the fins are fedby heated water directed to the cooling tower.
  • the heated fluid directed to the finned tubes is afterwards distributed by the conventional hot water distribution system for the towenHeat transmitted by the finned tubes from the heated water to the air passing through the tower increases the airs temperature without increasing its actual vapor content.
  • the forgoing results in a decrease in the relative humidity of the air issuing from the tower and consequently a substantial reduction or the complete elimination of condensation of vapor at the outlet of the tower or in the vicinity thereof.
  • cooling towers are thus eliminated or substantially reduced.
  • all of the heated water to be cooled is fed to the finned tubes of the invention and after passing through the tubes the water is directed to the normal water distribution system of the cooling tower.
  • a third situation may comprise passing a heated liquid, which is at a temperature higher than the normal temperature of the air passing from the tower, to the drift eliminator tubes in order to heat the air and cool the liquid without direct contact between the liquid and the atmosphere.
  • the fluid directed to the finned tubes may comprise a vapor which is condensed in the drift eliminator tubes.
  • the heated liquid or the vapor referred to above may be entirely independent of the water to be cooled in the cooling tower.
  • the present invention may also comprise at least one layer of horizontal finned tubes with each of the tubes being provided with a series of downwardly directed bores or holes within which are secured liquid distribution nozzles.
  • FIG. l is an elevational cross-section of a typical forced draft cooling tower containing apparatus constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a view of a typical prior art drift eliminator blade construction.
  • FIG. 3 is a view of such a device modified to include the vapor plume reducer according to the practice of this invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a portion of the vapor plume reducing means illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • FIGS. 5, 6, 7 and 8 are cross-sectional views of embodiments similar to that shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a. further modification of the present invention.
  • 10 generally denotes a cooling tower of the type often employed in conjunction with air-conditioning systems and includes vertical walls 12 which rise above the base 13. A plurality of apertures 14 are provided in the lower portion of the walls 12 for the intake of atmospheric air.
  • a warm, moist air exit shroud 16 At the upper end of the tower is a warm, moist air exit shroud 16, which ideally is of a Venturii type construction and adjacent the throat of the Venturii is mounted an air moving fan means 18 connected to a suitable electric motor 20 via shaft 22 and speed reducing gear means 24, which gear means is supported from a spider 26 mounted in the upper end of the tower.
  • vapor plume eliminator 28 Below the vapor plume eliminator 28 are a plurality of headers 30, each of which is provided with nozzled outlets 32 whereby the liquid to be cooled is uniformly distributed downwardly onto an array of vertically stacked, lathed, frame elements generally designated 34, which in turn are supported by cross-beam members 36, as more fully described in US. Pat. application, Ser. No. 77 l ,5 l 3, filed Oct. 29, I968 for Cooling Tower, A.A.A. Lemmens.
  • Adjacent the bottom of the tower means 31 are provided to remove the cooled liquid such as water from the tower.
  • FIG. 2 shows one of the more frequent realizations of conventional drift eliminators.
  • These drift eliminators 50 are made of a series of blades 52 parallel-arranged at a short distance one from the other and having such a shape that most of the droplets contained in the air are collected because of its sinuous flow pattern between those blades.
  • the elements 54 are used to join the blades together by maintaining them parallel and at a short distance one from the other.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 one form of the system of the present invention is illustrated, which system con-- sists of a plurality of metallic blades 58 through which pass the tubes 56.
  • the tubes 56 are fed by water entering the cooling tower or by an independent hot water flow via, for example, header tube 60, illustrated in FIG. 1 of the drawing.
  • the fins 58 are intimately joined to the tubes 56 and the assembly may be constructed, as is well known in the art, by, for example, welding or force fitting the fins to the tubes.
  • the specific shape of the fins is not critical and the fins and tubes may be shaped as illustrated at 56 and 58' of FIG. 5; 56 and 58" of FIG. 6; 56 and 59 of FIG. 7; or 56 and 59' ofFIG. 8.
  • this form of the invention offers the advantage of a substantially better heat transfer between the water flowing through the tubes 56 and the air passing about the fins as the upper portion of the fins remains free or substantially free of water droplets.
  • FIG. 9 there is shown one of the possible arrangements wherein the system fulfills simultaneously all of the preferred functions, heretofore set forth; that is, the retention of droplets contained in the air leaving the tower, the reduction of the relative humidity of air, and finally, the distribution of water to be cooled over the filling of the tower.
  • the numeral 70 denotes generally a bank of parallel heat transfer finned tubes wherein each individual fin element is denoted by the numeral 72 and each tube is designated 74.
  • Each tube or tube segment 74 is in turn provided with downwardly depending tubes 76.
  • the arrows coming in from the right of the drawing illustrate hot water which is fed to the cooling tower for treatment, which water heats the fins'72 as described above and, in the present embodiment, the water is then released from the tubes 74 through the outlet tubes 76 and falls or flows downwardly onto the packing of the cooling tower for conventional treatment.
  • a plurality of layers of finned tubes constructed in accordance with the present invention may be arranged one above the other adjacent the exit of a cooling tower.
  • the tubes of each of the layers may be connected to the same source or to different sources I of heating fluid and the flow circuit for the fluid may be arranged in parallel, in series, or series parallel flow.
  • the finned tubes or mist eliminator of the invention may be employed in conjunction with conventional mist eliminators in stacked arrangement or the finned tube mist eliminator of the invention may cover only a portion of the cross-sectional area of the tower with the remaining area being fitted with conventional mist eliminators.
  • An atmospheric cooling tower comprising side walls provided with an air inlet means for atmospheric air and having a top outlet means for the exit of heated outlet air, gas liquid contact means within the tower intermediate the air inlet means and the air outletmeans, a plurality of heat exchange tubes arranged in a generally horizontal layer transversely within the tower above said contact means, a plurality of metallic fins mounted on the tubes in heat exchange relation therewith, said fins being in generally parallel relation and being nonplanar and defining a series of tortuous vertical flow paths for the heat exchange flow of the outlet air over the tubes, means provided at the ends of the tubes for passing through said tubes a heated liquid with the outlet air passing from the contact means through the flow paths so as to reduce liquid droplets suspended in the outlet air existing through the outlet means and to reduce the relative humidity of said outlet air, and said tubes having depending outlet nozzles for directing the heated liquid therein onto the contact means within the cooling tower.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US00026317A 1970-04-07 1970-04-07 Drift eliminators for atmospheric cooling tower Expired - Lifetime US3731461A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US2631770A 1970-04-07 1970-04-07

Publications (1)

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US3731461A true US3731461A (en) 1973-05-08

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Country Status (6)

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US (1) US3731461A (de)
BE (1) BE762068A (de)
CH (1) CH540472A (de)
DE (2) DE2116136A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2085886B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1336234A (de)

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3870485A (en) * 1972-03-06 1975-03-11 Japan Gasoline Cooling tower
US3925523A (en) * 1973-11-12 1975-12-09 Marley Co Opposed air path wet-dry cooling tower and method
US4016725A (en) * 1975-06-20 1977-04-12 Fiss Edward C Apparatus for recapturing lost energy in a thermoelectric generating plant
US4181509A (en) * 1975-06-19 1980-01-01 Envirotech Corporation Flow preconditioner for electrostatic precipitator
WO1980001046A1 (en) * 1978-11-22 1980-05-29 J Ovard Method and apparatus for removing droplets entrained in a gas stream
US4219342A (en) * 1979-04-09 1980-08-26 Workman Carl J Pollution control system
US4416836A (en) * 1981-12-03 1983-11-22 Kennecott Corp. Induced draft cooling tower
US4500330A (en) * 1983-05-31 1985-02-19 Evapco, Inc. Drift eliminator
US4530707A (en) * 1978-11-22 1985-07-23 Ovard John C Apparatus for removing droplets entrained in a gas stream
US4662902A (en) * 1984-07-26 1987-05-05 Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft Evaporation cooling tower
US5078205A (en) * 1988-05-10 1992-01-07 Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet Cooling system for condensing the exhaust steam of steam turbine plants, particularly of power plants
FR2871225A1 (fr) 2004-06-08 2005-12-09 Climespace Sa Procede et systeme d'alimentation en eau de tours aerorefrigerantes
US20080264078A1 (en) * 2007-04-27 2008-10-30 Rushmore Kelly D Evaporative cooling tower and method
US20090115080A1 (en) * 2005-08-03 2009-05-07 Filippo Dorin Convector for cooling of a fluid circulating in a pipe
US20100089231A1 (en) * 2005-02-14 2010-04-15 Neumann Systems Group, Inc. Apparatus and method thereof
US20100089232A1 (en) * 2005-02-14 2010-04-15 Neumann Systems Group, Inc Liquid contactor and method thereof
US20100319539A1 (en) * 2005-02-14 2010-12-23 Neumann Systems Group, Inc. Gas liquid contactor and effluent cleaning system and method
US20110011566A1 (en) * 2008-03-13 2011-01-20 GEA Energietchnik GmbH Arrangement for recooling cooling water
US20110126710A1 (en) * 2005-02-14 2011-06-02 Neumann Systems Group, Inc. Two phase reactor
WO2012025696A1 (fr) 2010-08-25 2012-03-01 Climespace Plaque d'ecoulement pour tour aerorefrigerante et tour aerorefrigerante la comportant
RU2477432C1 (ru) * 2011-11-10 2013-03-10 Олег Савельевич Кочетов Вентиляторная градирня кочетова
US8864876B2 (en) 2005-02-14 2014-10-21 Neumann Systems Group, Inc. Indirect and direct method of sequestering contaminates

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2552603C2 (de) * 1974-11-25 1986-01-30 The Marley Co., Mission Woods, Kan. Tropfenabscheider für Querstromkühltürme
GB2129110A (en) * 1982-10-14 1984-05-10 Huetoetechnika Ipari Szoevetke Condenser
FR2534677A1 (fr) * 1982-10-14 1984-04-20 Huetoetechnika Ipari Szoevetke Pre-refroidisseur de vapeur combine pour des condenseurs notamment pour des installations de refrigeration
ZA845466B (en) * 1984-04-23 1985-03-27 Ceramic Cooling Tower Co Drift eliminator for cooling tower
FR2882135B1 (fr) * 2005-02-17 2012-09-28 Jacir Air Traitement Tour de refroidissement hybride et batterie anti-panache associee

Citations (7)

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US1883665A (en) * 1929-03-22 1932-10-18 Cooling & Air Conditioning Cor Air conditioning unit
US1948524A (en) * 1933-01-26 1934-02-27 Babcock & Wilcox Co Steam separator
US2153627A (en) * 1936-11-30 1939-04-11 Ici Ltd New monoazo dyestuffs
US2627396A (en) * 1948-03-22 1953-02-03 Simons Edward Cooling tower
US3189007A (en) * 1963-09-23 1965-06-15 Riley Stoker Corp Steam generating unit
US3345048A (en) * 1964-07-13 1967-10-03 Fluor Corp Cooling tower deck slat spacer
US3473298A (en) * 1967-12-26 1969-10-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Moisture content and combustion product removal apparatus for exhaust gases

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US2076119A (en) * 1934-07-02 1937-04-06 Carraway Engineering Company I Cooling unit

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1883665A (en) * 1929-03-22 1932-10-18 Cooling & Air Conditioning Cor Air conditioning unit
US1948524A (en) * 1933-01-26 1934-02-27 Babcock & Wilcox Co Steam separator
US2153627A (en) * 1936-11-30 1939-04-11 Ici Ltd New monoazo dyestuffs
US2627396A (en) * 1948-03-22 1953-02-03 Simons Edward Cooling tower
US3189007A (en) * 1963-09-23 1965-06-15 Riley Stoker Corp Steam generating unit
US3345048A (en) * 1964-07-13 1967-10-03 Fluor Corp Cooling tower deck slat spacer
US3473298A (en) * 1967-12-26 1969-10-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Moisture content and combustion product removal apparatus for exhaust gases

Cited By (42)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3870485A (en) * 1972-03-06 1975-03-11 Japan Gasoline Cooling tower
US3925523A (en) * 1973-11-12 1975-12-09 Marley Co Opposed air path wet-dry cooling tower and method
US4181509A (en) * 1975-06-19 1980-01-01 Envirotech Corporation Flow preconditioner for electrostatic precipitator
US4016725A (en) * 1975-06-20 1977-04-12 Fiss Edward C Apparatus for recapturing lost energy in a thermoelectric generating plant
WO1980001046A1 (en) * 1978-11-22 1980-05-29 J Ovard Method and apparatus for removing droplets entrained in a gas stream
US4530707A (en) * 1978-11-22 1985-07-23 Ovard John C Apparatus for removing droplets entrained in a gas stream
US4219342A (en) * 1979-04-09 1980-08-26 Workman Carl J Pollution control system
US4416836A (en) * 1981-12-03 1983-11-22 Kennecott Corp. Induced draft cooling tower
US4500330A (en) * 1983-05-31 1985-02-19 Evapco, Inc. Drift eliminator
US4662902A (en) * 1984-07-26 1987-05-05 Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft Evaporation cooling tower
US5078205A (en) * 1988-05-10 1992-01-07 Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet Cooling system for condensing the exhaust steam of steam turbine plants, particularly of power plants
FR2871225A1 (fr) 2004-06-08 2005-12-09 Climespace Sa Procede et systeme d'alimentation en eau de tours aerorefrigerantes
US20110061530A1 (en) * 2005-02-14 2011-03-17 Neumann Systems Group, Inc. Apparatus and method thereof
US8323381B2 (en) 2005-02-14 2012-12-04 Neumann Systems Group, Inc. Two phase reactor
US8864876B2 (en) 2005-02-14 2014-10-21 Neumann Systems Group, Inc. Indirect and direct method of sequestering contaminates
US20100089231A1 (en) * 2005-02-14 2010-04-15 Neumann Systems Group, Inc. Apparatus and method thereof
US20100089232A1 (en) * 2005-02-14 2010-04-15 Neumann Systems Group, Inc Liquid contactor and method thereof
US20100319539A1 (en) * 2005-02-14 2010-12-23 Neumann Systems Group, Inc. Gas liquid contactor and effluent cleaning system and method
US20100320294A1 (en) * 2005-02-14 2010-12-23 Neumann Systems Group, Inc. Gas liquid contactor and effluent cleaning system and method
US8814146B2 (en) 2005-02-14 2014-08-26 Neumann Systems Group, Inc. Two phase reactor
US8668766B2 (en) 2005-02-14 2014-03-11 Neumann Systems Group, Inc. Gas liquid contactor and method thereof
US20110061531A1 (en) * 2005-02-14 2011-03-17 Neumann Systems Group, Inc. Apparatus and method thereof
US20110072968A1 (en) * 2005-02-14 2011-03-31 Neumann Systems Group, Inc. Apparatus and method thereof
US20110081288A1 (en) * 2005-02-14 2011-04-07 Neumann Systems Group, Inc. Apparatus and method thereof
US8398059B2 (en) 2005-02-14 2013-03-19 Neumann Systems Group, Inc. Gas liquid contactor and method thereof
US20110126710A1 (en) * 2005-02-14 2011-06-02 Neumann Systems Group, Inc. Two phase reactor
US8336863B2 (en) 2005-02-14 2012-12-25 Neumann Systems Group, Inc. Gas liquid contactor and effluent cleaning system and method
US8088292B2 (en) * 2005-02-14 2012-01-03 Neumann Systems Group, Inc. Method of separating at least two fluids with an apparatus
US8105419B2 (en) 2005-02-14 2012-01-31 Neumann Systems Group, Inc. Gas liquid contactor and effluent cleaning system and method
US8113491B2 (en) 2005-02-14 2012-02-14 Neumann Systems Group, Inc. Gas-liquid contactor apparatus and nozzle plate
US8262777B2 (en) 2005-02-14 2012-09-11 Neumann Systems Group, Inc. Method for enhancing a gas liquid contactor
US8216346B2 (en) 2005-02-14 2012-07-10 Neumann Systems Group, Inc. Method of processing gas phase molecules by gas-liquid contact
US8216347B2 (en) 2005-02-14 2012-07-10 Neumann Systems Group, Inc. Method of processing molecules with a gas-liquid contactor
US20090115080A1 (en) * 2005-08-03 2009-05-07 Filippo Dorin Convector for cooling of a fluid circulating in a pipe
US7600743B2 (en) * 2005-08-03 2009-10-13 Frigel Firenze S.P.A. Convector for cooling of a fluid circulating in a pipe
US20110215487A1 (en) * 2007-04-27 2011-09-08 Rush Air, Inc. Evaporative cooling tower and method
US7942391B2 (en) * 2007-04-27 2011-05-17 Rush Air, Inc. Evaporative cooling tower and method
US8517355B2 (en) 2007-04-27 2013-08-27 Mitek Holdings, Inc. Evaporative cooling tower and method
US20080264078A1 (en) * 2007-04-27 2008-10-30 Rushmore Kelly D Evaporative cooling tower and method
US20110011566A1 (en) * 2008-03-13 2011-01-20 GEA Energietchnik GmbH Arrangement for recooling cooling water
WO2012025696A1 (fr) 2010-08-25 2012-03-01 Climespace Plaque d'ecoulement pour tour aerorefrigerante et tour aerorefrigerante la comportant
RU2477432C1 (ru) * 2011-11-10 2013-03-10 Олег Савельевич Кочетов Вентиляторная градирня кочетова

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE762068A (fr) 1971-07-01
FR2085886B1 (de) 1973-12-07
CH540472A (fr) 1973-08-15
GB1336234A (en) 1973-11-07
DE2166477A1 (de) 1974-04-18
FR2085886A1 (de) 1971-12-31
DE2116136A1 (de) 1971-10-21

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