US3730291A - Sound source cabinets - Google Patents

Sound source cabinets Download PDF

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Publication number
US3730291A
US3730291A US00168977A US3730291DA US3730291A US 3730291 A US3730291 A US 3730291A US 00168977 A US00168977 A US 00168977A US 3730291D A US3730291D A US 3730291DA US 3730291 A US3730291 A US 3730291A
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United States
Prior art keywords
wall
horn
opening
loudspeaker
walls
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00168977A
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English (en)
Inventor
H Goeckel
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NECKERMANN VERSAND KGAA
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NECKERMANN VERSAND KGAA
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Priority claimed from DE19702041012 external-priority patent/DE2041012C/de
Application filed by NECKERMANN VERSAND KGAA filed Critical NECKERMANN VERSAND KGAA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2861—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements using a back-loaded horn
    • H04R1/2865—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements using a back-loaded horn for loudspeaker transducers

Definitions

  • a sound source cabinet which may contain va loudspeaker as sound source is constructed so that the Aug. 18, Germany ..P Cabinet defines an g g hom extends I from a pressure chamber located at the rear of the sound source to an aperture defined by walls of the [58] 'l 181731 R cabinet.
  • References Cited and has non-absorbing r1g1d .walls winch may be for example, plywood boards or syntheuc p1ast1cs com- UNITED STATES PATENTS p 2,815,086 12/1957 Hartsfield ..18l/31 B 18 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures Patented May 1, 1973 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 .FIGA
  • the invention relates to a sound source cabinet and is particularly applicable to a cabinet comprising a loudspeaker in combination with a horn which grows geometrically.
  • a cabinet can have the external form of a rectangular furniture cabinet or box.
  • Exponential horn loudspeakers have long been known. Such loudspeakers, with lengths up to 7 meters and with end openings of 4 X 4 meters, can be disposed, for example, behind projection screens in cinemas. These instruments, which have good technical transmission properties, are not to be considered as massproduction and home instruments because of their dimensions.
  • the invention has for one object to provide a loudspeaker cabinet with a built-in, geometrically widening horn, known in general usage an exponential horn, which permits relatively small cabinet dimensions substantially without acoustic disadvantages and substan tially without limiting the transmission fidelity.
  • a further object is that the cabinet should reproduce all sound images without falsification, trimming or swallowing, in studio quality, from the lower audible limit up to the upper audible limit with an efficiency up to 50 percent.
  • a sound source cabinet comprising:
  • a sound source disposed in'said cabinet and having a sound producing vibratory member
  • a plurality of external and internal walls defining said cabinet and an aperture, some of said walls defining a pressure chamber at one side of said vibratory member of said sound source and at least some of said walls providing between said pressure chamber and said aperture a horn, at least a portion of said horn having a spiral form which extends about said pressure chamber and increases in cross-sectional area along its length and said horn having substantially non-absorbing, substantially rigid, internal surfaces.
  • the spiral portion of the horn should at no point be bent over by more than
  • the horn of the cabinet should be completely free from vibration and neutral.
  • the horn should not distort any natural pitch position, any natural tone and should not produce any changes or distortion in the transmission. Any natural resonance or consonance should be impossible.
  • the walls of the horn should be completely dead to vibration and absolutely resorption-free. Since completely rigid marble would be the perfect thing as the material for horn wall plates, technically achieved marble hardness" is hereinafter employed for the absence of vibration in the horn walls.
  • the aforementioned necessary property of the cabinet i.e. the marble hardness
  • the walls may be 10 to 20 mm thick. Those walls which define the spiral portion of the horn are preferably rigidly connected together at right angles or vertically one upon the other so as to define a quadrilateral crosssection for the horns spiral portion. In this way the walls may represent surfaces clamped on all sides. It is to be noted that it is particularly important to provide the marble hardness in the first region of the horn.
  • F IG. 1 is a longitudinal section of a loudspeaker cabinet or housing
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the cabinet of FIG. 1 with the ornamental covering removed from the entire front side;
  • FIG. 3 shows the pressure chamber and its fittings of the cabinet of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 shows the systemmatic development of the horn spiral in the upper stage of the cabinet of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 1 shows a box-like loudspeaker cabinet denoted as a whole by l and consisting of four side walls 2 and a complete rear wall 3.
  • the internal volume is subdivided parallel to the rear wall 3 by an intermediate member 4.
  • This member 4 begins at one narrow side of the loudspeaker cabinet and is approximatelyas long as threefourths of the rear wall. 3 or somewhat less.
  • the free end of the member 4 is connected to a front wall 5 by a wall 9 which is inclined to the said narrow side, the front wall 5 being approximately as long as one-half to two-thirds of the rear wall 3.
  • the inclined wall 9 forms one side of the horn opening 12. Walls ,which are later to be described are installed in this hood.
  • the said three space regions or stages 6, 7 and 8 are in ratios, by volume, such as for example 1 2 2. Consequently, the optimal cabinet dimensions ratio is about 1 2 1 (height, width, depth).
  • the axial lengths of the stages 6, 7 and 8 are preferably in a ratio in the range from about 4 2: 1 to about 10: 8 :5.
  • the first stage 6 is an outer chamber which, as shown in FIG. 1, is formed by the partial front wall 5, the partial partition 4, the oblique wall 9, the two long sides and the short right side of the enclosure.
  • the second stage 7 is a rear space which, is located below outer chamber 6 and is in acoustic communication therewith through the sound passage or aperture 27 provided in the partition or intermediate wall 4 of first stage 6.
  • the third stage of the horn of the present invention is a front (also partially rear) space 8' which adjoins and is in acoustic communication with the rear space or stage 7 and discharges sound into and through the end opening 12 on the front wall of the enclosure.
  • the volume of the upper stage 6 is determined as initial value by the size of the loudspeaker system 13 (FIG. 2) which again establishes the dimensions of the pressure chamber 14 (FIG. 3).
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the cabinet 1 with its ornamental facing removed, so that it is now also possible to see the opening 13a in the front wall 5 for v the loudspeaker system 13.
  • FIGS. 3 to 5 The pressure chamber with its fittings, the formation of a horn spiral and a section through the lower stage 7 are shown in FIGS. 3 to 5.
  • the square pressure chamber 14 (FIGS. 3 and 4), provides a space for the fitting of the louspeaker system 13 having a diaphragm area F
  • the chamber 14 has at one corner an exit 15 extending over the full height of the stage 6 and having an opening area F
  • the ratio of the areas F F is called the velocity transformation and is preferably in the numerical range 2 to 4.
  • the 0pened" door 16 has the same width as the exit 15 and provides an extension ofa wall 17.
  • FIG. 4 shows that the pressure chamber 14 is fitted into a second likewise square or approximately square chamber 18 which is about 2% times larger than the pressure chamber 14.
  • This chamber 18 likewise has an exit 19 with an opened door 20 which provides an extension of a wall 21.
  • the door 16 of the pressure chamber 14 is fixed to a door edge 22 of the chamber 18 at an angle which is in the range 92 to 96.
  • the chamber 18, with its contents, is in its turn arranged in a rectangular chamber which is about five times larger than the pressure chamber 14 and which is identical with the upper stage 6.
  • the chamber 18 is likewise attached at an angle in the range 92 to 96, with abutment of its door 20 of a door wall 21, to a narrow side 25 of the rectangular chamber 6.
  • the wall 21 with the door 20 of the chamber 18 blends with the chamber wall 24 of the rectangular chamber 6.
  • the two walls are drawn one above the other; in the subsequent constructional elevation, these blended walls serve as sighting lines and constructional alignment points.
  • the horn Before entering this window or opening 27, the horn must still overcome a breasting, which is a transversely disposed rail 26, which calibrates the horn crosssection associated with this point and at the same time lengthens the horn path.
  • a breasting which is a transversely disposed rail 26, which calibrates the horn crosssection associated with this point and at the same time lengthens the horn path.
  • the horn path (from a single inclined wall 29 and its connecting piece 28) is defined closely past the adjacent external wall into two juxtaposed opposite horn sections 30 and 31 which have substantially no dead space and which are defined by a single inclined wall 29 and its connecting piece 28.
  • the inclined wall 29 is positioned symmetrically below the middle of the pressure chamber 14 of the upper stage 6 and braces the latter, together with the intermediate plate 4 and front wall 5, with the rear wall 3 to form an absolutely rigid, vibration-free marble-hard structure and wall assembly.
  • the horn section 31 of the lower stage 7 opens into the horn end section 8 with the end opening 12, this section lying alongside the two stage'complexes which have been described. This part is limited by the external walls of the box and the edge 10 of the intermediate plate 4 andfinally by the edge 11 of the front wall 5, that is to say, by the inclined closure wall 9 of the upper stage 6.
  • the maximum diaphragm diameter should be at 20 cm.
  • the lowest limit, with miniaturization, likewise without serious acoustic defects occurring and without audible distortion factors should be 7 to 7.5
  • the box volumes should be in the same ratio 1 3.
  • the pressure chamber 14 (FIG. 3) is a chamber of smallest possible air volume.
  • the chassis basket of the loudspeaker 13 passes straight in, possibly with partial recesses in the chamber walls.
  • Fitted behind the magnet of the loudspeaker 13 is a hard foam block 32 with the internal dimensional size of the chamber 14, this block 32 filling the space behind the magnet.
  • the block 32 has on the side facing the diaphragm a helical recess 33 so that a worm rising up to the pressure chamber exit is formed in the pressure chamber 14 between the hard foam block and the loudspeaker basket.
  • the back of the block 32 can likewise have congruently thereof a recess 34 which is filled with cottonwool.
  • a wall section 35 of hard foam is stuck before the underside of the block and extends as far as the loudspeaker basket.
  • the directional orientation of the sound in the direction of growth of the spiral portion to the door 15 is caused by the wall section 35.
  • This wall section does not have to be applied in pressuretight manner to the loudspeaker system.
  • a desired interference of the sounds along the path of the spiral portion is established with the sounds issuing directly from the wall section 35, for cancelling out the shock waves, e.
  • the filling of the recess 34 at the back with cottonwool also prevents shockwaves being set up.
  • the pressure chamber 14 does however have a sound-dead worm which widens out and builds up the sound progression, this worm, in the space behind the diaphragm as the actual form-supplying tone pump" directing the stroke volume immediately as it is formed and already with correct flow and direction around the magnet to the horn mouth of the said chamber door 15. Therefore, it is not first of all a piston compression which is established, but the immediate initiation of-a directed acceleration of the air mass to the horn.
  • these walls are acted upon frorn both I sides by the same flow of sound, of which the pressure impulses from the same acoustic waves are perpendicularly of the wall plates or boards; they are effective in equal strength-and in opposition from both sides and thus are cancelled out.
  • the walls are therefore unable to vibrate and also do not need to vibrate.
  • the marble hardness of the first portion of the horn is completed by that partition 29 of the lower stage 7 which is situated beneath the horn spiral of the upper stage 6 (see below).
  • the passage opening 27 connects the horn spiral of the upper stage 6 to the lower stage 7 and is suitably cut out of the intermediate plate 4; dimensions and shape are determined by the following points:
  • the lower stage 7 (FIGS. 1, 2 and 5) the sound coming from the opening 27 is guided by the partition provided by the walls 28 and 29 into two horn sections 30 and 31.
  • the partition is positioned such that the horn sections 30 and 31 are formed substantially without any dead space and with their always correct widening.
  • the wall 29 is disposed symmetrically below the center of the pressure chamber 14, beneath the marble-har structure of the upper stage 6. The wall 29 enhances the marble hardness of the cabinet 'by bracing the front wall 5, by way of the horn spirals 14 and 18 and the partition 4, against the rear wall 3 thus giving a cabinet construction of uniform hardness.
  • the cabinet which is stiffened on all sides and in all directions with a dense internal structure and which consists of plywood walls with a thickness of 20 mm, provides a structure which is entirely unlike wood and which, conforming to the technical requirement, incorporates marble hardness. This can be shown by the fact that when such a cabinet is tapped no wooden box sound is heard, but the clear sound of a tapped, solid, tree-trunk.
  • the partition formed of walls 28 and 29 is acted upon by sound waves on both sides in the lower stage 7 and is hence automatically steady to vibration.
  • the end section 8 of the horn has the maximum growth over a relatively short horn length. Its entry from 31 is bent by the edge 10 of the intermediate plate 4 as far as possible towards the left-hand free narrow wall 2 of the cabinet (FIG. 2) in order to lengthen the horn as much as possible.
  • the end opening 12 itself is limited by the free edge 11 of the front wall 5.
  • the internal walls of the cabinet could be smooth, moulded, synthetic plastics components.
  • the chambers and spirals of the upper stage 6 and the horn chambers of the lower stage 7 could be produced by filling a negative mould made of wood, for example, with a synthetic plastic gypsum.
  • the pressure chamber 14 could be approximately circular in cross-section and the horn spiral could have a gentle rounding in an almost perfect form, the pressure chamber 14, and horn spiral, being fitted closely, substantially free from dead spaces, into the cabinet stages.
  • the internal and external walls thereof may be so arranged that if the horn is considered as a plurality of horn sections arranged one after the other from said pressure chamber to said aperture every one of said sections increases in cross-sectional area along its length, the increase of each of said sections, apart from the first, being at a greater rate with respect to horn section length than the increase of the cross-sectional area of the preceding section.
  • said front wall having a first opening therein defining one end of said horn and a second opening therein located in superimposed relation to said speaker and defining a sound opening therefore
  • said horn having a first and second horn stages, said first horn stage consisting of three chambers which are obliquely nested with respect to each other, said three chambers being defined by certain of said inner walls which extend perpendicularly to said front wall and provide sequential acoustic communication between said chambers along a tortuous spiral-like sound path whose cross-sectional area increases as said'path moves outwardly from its center, "said loudspeaker being located in the centermost of said chambers wherein said centermost chamber defines a pressure chamber; said second horn stage comprising a rear space in said enclosure defined between said rear and side walls and an intermediate inner wall behind said first horn section, said intermediate wall having an opening therein providing acoustic communication between said third chamber and said rear space; and said enclosure having a third space defined therein in alignment with said first opening and
  • said side walls include a pair of relatively long parallel side walls and a pair of shorter parallel side walls extending perpendicularly to said long side walls; said intermediate inner wall extending parallel to said rear wall and having a length which is longer than said front wall and shorter than said rear wall, and an oblique wallmember connecting said front wall and said intermediate inner wall adjacent said first opening.
  • the loudspeaker enclosure as defined in claim 2 wherein the enclosure walls are dimensioned to provide the outermost of said three first horn stage chambers, said second horn stage and said third space with a volume ratio to each other of l:2:2; and horn section lengths in the ratios of between 4:2:1 to 10:8:5 respectively.
  • said opening in said intermediate inner wall is generally wedge shaped having its narrow edge portion adjacent said oblique wall and its wide edge portion adjacent one of the perpendicularly extending inner walls defining the intermediate chamber of said three nested first horn stage chambers, said opening having a first side defined by one of said long side walls and a second 7 side extending angularly away from said first side from said oblique wall to said one of the perpendicularly extending inner walls.
  • the loudspeaker enclosure as defined in clairri 7 including a first baffle wall secured to said intermediate wall within said second horn stage adjacent said angularly extending side of the opening in said intermediate wall, said first baffle wall extending perpendicularly between said rear wall and said intermediate wall and being in soundproof engagement therewith, said baffle compelling sound emerging from the opening in said intermediate wall to travel through said second horn stage prior to passage through said third space and said first opening in the enclosure.
  • the loudspeaker as defined in claim 9 including a second baffle wall secured to said intermediate wall within said first horn stage adjacent said angularly extending side of the opening in said intermediate wall, said second baffle wall extending generally perpendicularly to said intermediate wall and having a height which is less than the distance between said intermediate wall and said front wall.
  • the loudspeaker enclosure as defined in claim 14 including a damping material filling said other recess.
  • a loudspeaker enclosure for a loudspeaker of the type having from and back sound radiating surfaces
  • said enclosure comprising a housing having back, side and front walls, said front wall having first and second openings therein for radiating sounds respectively from said back and front surfaces of said speaker, and a plurality of inner walls mounted in said speaker and cooperating with said enclosure walls to define an acoustic horn having first, second, and third stages and defining a tortuous sound path between the back surface of said speaker and said first opening, said first opening in said front wall comprising a relatively large rectangular opening at one end of said front wall in acoustic communication with said third stage; said first stage comprising an intermediate wall in said enclosure extending parallel to said front and rear walls and extending between said side walls and said bottom wall, said intermediate wall being shorter than said rear wall and having a free edge located adjacent said first opening, and a wall connecting said free edge to said-front wall at said first opening thereby to define an enclosure chamber for said first horn stage, a plurality of walls mounted in said first horn stage and sequentially connected to each other in a spiral-like pattern and extending perpendicularly between said
  • said third horn stage comprising a space defined between said rear wall, sidewalls and said first opening

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
US00168977A 1970-08-18 1971-08-04 Sound source cabinets Expired - Lifetime US3730291A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19702041012 DE2041012C (de) 1970-08-18 Lautsprechergehäuse

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US3730291A true US3730291A (en) 1973-05-01

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US00168977A Expired - Lifetime US3730291A (en) 1970-08-18 1971-08-04 Sound source cabinets

Country Status (10)

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US (1) US3730291A (OSRAM)
AT (1) AT305403B (OSRAM)
BE (1) BE771389A (OSRAM)
CH (1) CH539372A (OSRAM)
FR (1) FR2102317B1 (OSRAM)
GB (1) GB1349489A (OSRAM)
LU (1) LU63280A1 (OSRAM)
NL (1) NL7111302A (OSRAM)
NO (1) NO133344C (OSRAM)
SE (1) SE370306B (OSRAM)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3898384A (en) * 1973-07-27 1975-08-05 Neckermann Versand Kgaa Loudspeaker cabinet
US4138594A (en) * 1977-06-02 1979-02-06 Klipsch And Associates, Inc. Small dimension low frequency folded exponential horn loudspeaker with unitary sound path and loudspeaker system including same
US5824969A (en) * 1996-09-30 1998-10-20 Takenaka; Masaaki Speaker system with a three-dimensional spiral sound passage
US6078676A (en) * 1998-02-13 2000-06-20 Takenaka; Masaaki Speaker system with a three-dimensional spiral sound passage
US6349792B1 (en) 2000-04-07 2002-02-26 Harold N. Smith, Jr. Sound enhancing speaking cabinet for a removable speaker assembly
WO2002074007A1 (en) * 2001-02-19 2002-09-19 Genelec Oy Bass-reflex loudspeaker system and method of manufacturing the same
US20040003962A1 (en) * 2002-07-03 2004-01-08 Christopher Gardner Planar acoustic waveguide
US11206479B2 (en) * 2016-12-28 2021-12-21 Yamaha Corporation Speaker device and speaker cabinet
US20220103933A1 (en) * 2019-10-08 2022-03-31 Soniphi Llc Systems & Methods For Expanding Sensation Using Headset With Isobaric Chambers

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2815086A (en) * 1954-02-18 1957-12-03 William L Hartsfield Convertible loudspeaker system
US2835335A (en) * 1955-05-02 1958-05-20 Courtney Q Glassey Loudspeaker housing using an open side as a horn mouth
US2866513A (en) * 1952-11-24 1958-12-30 Edward V Bracken Apparatus for generating sound
US2986229A (en) * 1957-01-15 1961-05-30 Gen Dynamics Corp Loudspeaker enclosures
US3112006A (en) * 1961-02-08 1963-11-26 Alfred H Roberts Loudspeaker enclosures
US3135349A (en) * 1962-04-02 1964-06-02 Uolevi L Lahti Loudspeaker

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2866513A (en) * 1952-11-24 1958-12-30 Edward V Bracken Apparatus for generating sound
US2815086A (en) * 1954-02-18 1957-12-03 William L Hartsfield Convertible loudspeaker system
US2835335A (en) * 1955-05-02 1958-05-20 Courtney Q Glassey Loudspeaker housing using an open side as a horn mouth
US2986229A (en) * 1957-01-15 1961-05-30 Gen Dynamics Corp Loudspeaker enclosures
US3112006A (en) * 1961-02-08 1963-11-26 Alfred H Roberts Loudspeaker enclosures
US3135349A (en) * 1962-04-02 1964-06-02 Uolevi L Lahti Loudspeaker

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3898384A (en) * 1973-07-27 1975-08-05 Neckermann Versand Kgaa Loudspeaker cabinet
US4138594A (en) * 1977-06-02 1979-02-06 Klipsch And Associates, Inc. Small dimension low frequency folded exponential horn loudspeaker with unitary sound path and loudspeaker system including same
US5824969A (en) * 1996-09-30 1998-10-20 Takenaka; Masaaki Speaker system with a three-dimensional spiral sound passage
US6078676A (en) * 1998-02-13 2000-06-20 Takenaka; Masaaki Speaker system with a three-dimensional spiral sound passage
US6349792B1 (en) 2000-04-07 2002-02-26 Harold N. Smith, Jr. Sound enhancing speaking cabinet for a removable speaker assembly
US7051835B2 (en) 2001-02-19 2006-05-30 Genelec Oy Bass-reflex loudspeaker system and method of manufacturing the same
US20040104069A1 (en) * 2001-02-19 2004-06-03 Ilpo Martikainen Bass-reflex loudspeaker sysstem and method of manufacturing the same
WO2002074007A1 (en) * 2001-02-19 2002-09-19 Genelec Oy Bass-reflex loudspeaker system and method of manufacturing the same
US20040003962A1 (en) * 2002-07-03 2004-01-08 Christopher Gardner Planar acoustic waveguide
US6860363B2 (en) * 2002-07-03 2005-03-01 Christopher Gardner Planar acoustic waveguide
US11206479B2 (en) * 2016-12-28 2021-12-21 Yamaha Corporation Speaker device and speaker cabinet
US20220103933A1 (en) * 2019-10-08 2022-03-31 Soniphi Llc Systems & Methods For Expanding Sensation Using Headset With Isobaric Chambers
US11683639B2 (en) * 2019-10-08 2023-06-20 Soniphi Llc Systems and methods for expanding sensation using headset with isobaric chambers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT305403B (de) 1973-02-26
FR2102317A1 (OSRAM) 1972-04-07
FR2102317B1 (OSRAM) 1973-11-30
NO133344B (OSRAM) 1976-01-05
LU63280A1 (OSRAM) 1971-09-09
SE370306B (OSRAM) 1974-10-07
BE771389A (fr) 1971-12-31
CH539372A (de) 1973-07-15
GB1349489A (en) 1974-04-03
DE2041012B2 (de) 1972-08-17
NO133344C (OSRAM) 1976-04-21
NL7111302A (OSRAM) 1972-02-22
DE2041012A1 (de) 1972-02-24

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