US3729973A - Roll passes for rolling a bar of continuously cast non-ferrous metal and the method improving the metal structure - Google Patents

Roll passes for rolling a bar of continuously cast non-ferrous metal and the method improving the metal structure Download PDF

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Publication number
US3729973A
US3729973A US00130702A US3729973DA US3729973A US 3729973 A US3729973 A US 3729973A US 00130702 A US00130702 A US 00130702A US 3729973D A US3729973D A US 3729973DA US 3729973 A US3729973 A US 3729973A
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Prior art keywords
bar
rolls
minor
groove
major
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US00130702A
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English (en)
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R Wykes
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Siemens Industry Inc
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Morgan Construction Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/16—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling wire rods, bars, merchant bars, rounds wire or material of like small cross-section
    • B21B1/18—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling wire rods, bars, merchant bars, rounds wire or material of like small cross-section in a continuous process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
    • B21B3/003—Rolling non-ferrous metals immediately subsequent to continuous casting, i.e. in-line rolling

Definitions

  • a first pair of rolls preferably of unequal diameter and grooved in a manner to change the cross-sectional configuration of a bar of non-ferrous metal delivered from a continuous casting machine, from a generally trapezoidal section of substantial depth to a wider flat tened less asymmetrical section, flat on both sides or flat on one side and concave on the other, and a second pair of rolls having concave grooves which will reduce the flattened bar delivered by the first pair of rolls to a generally symmetrical bar.
  • the successive passes effectively carry out a method of operation which works the loose structure of the continuously cast bar into a more homogeneous fibrous structure.
  • the present invention provides non-identical grooves of novel configuration in the first stand and substantially identical grooves in the second stand which while reducing and changing the cross-sectional area will work the metal in a manner to provide the desired homogenous fibrous structure without creating any cracks.
  • the design of the grooves in the first pair of rolls is contrary to current practice in that the initial and maximum working of the bar occurs at its midsection, whereas, according to the prior art, the initial and maximum working occurred at the corners and sides.
  • the new design using flat grooves in both rolls or a flat groove in the upper roll and a convex groove in the lower roll results in the performance of a method in which the greatest deformation occurs at the midsection rather than at the sides. This method eliminates the development of the above referred to cracks.
  • a further important feature of this new design is to have relatively deep sides for each of the grooves and a small parting between the rolls.
  • the present design results in complete filling of both grooves with the sides of the newly formed section being strongly supported by the deep sides of the grooves.
  • the generally elongated quadrilateral crosssection resulting from the working at the first stand. presents to the second stand a bar of favorable configuration for reduction to a generally symmetrical bar and preferably to a substantially cylindrical bar at the second stand which will not overfill the passes. The working at the second stand furthers the development of the desired homogenous fibrous structure.
  • FIG. I shows the general arrangement of first and second pairs of rolls with their axes at right angles to each other according to conventional practice with the bar stock passing therethrough without twist.
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevation showing the continuously cast bar passing between the first pair of equal diameter rolls.
  • FIG. 3 is a section taken on the line 3-3 of FIG. 2 showing the original shape of the bar and the novel design of the grooves in the rolls of the first stand in which the groove of the top roll is flat and the groove of the lower roll is convex.
  • FIG. 4 is a section taken on the line 4-4 of FIG. 2 showing the final cross-section of the bar produced by the rolls of the first stand.
  • FIG. 5 is a side elevation showing the rolls at the second stand receiving the bar produced at the first stand and reducing the bar to a second configuration.
  • FIG. 6 is a section taken on the line 66 of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 7 is a section taken on the line 7-7 of FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic side elevation similar to FIG. 2 in which the rolls are of unequal diameter.
  • FIG. 1 shows a general view of the invention as it applies to the first two stands of the rolling mill.
  • the continuously cast bar 2 which ordinarily will have a crosssection substantially as shown in FIG. 3, is delivered to the first pair of rolls 4 and 6 where it is reduced to a flattened condition with a section of less cross-sectional area as shown at 8 in FIG. 4.
  • the bar in the form of section 8 then moves on to the rolls l0 and 12 at the second stand, as illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, and is then reduced to a substantially cylindrical section 14 shown in FIG. 7. Thereafter, the bar travels on to successive stands in which the rolls are grooved and spaced according to conventional practice.
  • the axes of rolls 4 and 6 of the first stand are at right angles to the axes of rolls 10 and 12 ofthe second stand as is conventional in a socalled no-twist mill.
  • the non-ferrous bar 2 being delivered from the continuous casting machine is customarily substantially trapezoidal in cross-section as shown in FIG. 3. It has a flat upper major surface 16, a flat lower minor surface 18 substantially parallel to surface 16, and drafted sides 20 and 22. Usually the corners are rounded or beveled slightly.
  • the circular groove in roll 4 is illustrated at 24 in FIG. 3. It is substantially flat in cross-section.
  • the flat cylindrical wall of the groove 24 will make instantaneous engagement across the entire width of upper major surface 16 of bar 2.
  • Groove 24 has relatively deep sides 26 and 28 whose spacing is somewhat greater than the initial upper width of bar 2.
  • the circular groove 30 in roll 6 in the preferred form is not flat like groove 24, but rather in cross-section is convex as shown at 32.
  • Groove 30 has relatively deep sides 34 and 36, the distance therebetween being greater than the width across the minor surface 18 of the bottom of bar 2, and proportionately greater than' the width of sides 26 and28 to the width of the upper major surface 16 to accommodate the greater spreading of the narrower metal ofthe lower part of the trapezoidal bar.
  • the degree of convexity of groove 30 may be varied, it being understood that the design shown in the drawings is illustrative and not limiting.
  • This section has a cross-sectional area less than the original crosssectional area so the velocity of section 8 leaving rolls 4 and 6 is greater than that of the speed of bar 2 arriving at rolls 4 and 6.
  • the crosssection of original bar 2 is shown in dotted line in FIG. 4.
  • the preferred convex groove 30 of the lower roll helps to spread the narrower minor bottom surface of bar 2 proportionately more than the groove 24 spreads the upper major surface 16 to reduce some of the asymmetry and as will be pointed out hereinafter the shape of section 8 substantially eliminates the tendency of the concave side of the section to overfill in the next stand as illustrated in FIG. 7.
  • the downward force of the flat surface of groove 24 of roll 4 and the equal cooperating upward force of the slightly arched surface 30 of roll 6 acts necessarily on equal areas of the major and minor surfaces.
  • the minor surface is narrower than the major surface, the length of engagement with the lower roll groove is greater than the length of engagement with the upper roll groove.
  • This causes relatively uniform vertical compression over the width of the bar and desired lateral spreading as the bar moves from the position of section 3-3 to section 44 of FIG. 2.
  • the bar in the form of section 8, shown in FIG. 4, is completely free of any surface cracks.
  • the nature of the movement of the metal at the first stand has been effective to improve the metal structure by creating a more homogenous fibrous condition.
  • the bar 2 now in the cross-section configuration of section 8 with a concave bottom surface, passes to the rolls 10 and 12 at the second stand as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the grooves in rolls 10 and 12 as illustrated at 38 and 40 in FIG. 6 are concave and in the preferred form are substantially semicircular in section.
  • Section 8 is only slightly asymmetrical and hence when received on edge between rolls l and 12 as at section 6-6, it is converted readily to the cylindrical form 14 by the time it has reached the discharge position of section 77 as in FIGS. 5 and 7.
  • the metal of the bar as it moves from section 6-6 to section 77 is progressively supported with increasing lateral resistance as the metal widens and comes into contact with the steepening sides of the groove walls as at 42, 44, 46 and 48.
  • This lateral support aids in producing a desirable effect in the texture of the bar at this position. Since the parting between rolls 10 and 12 is small, the extent of the opposite walls of the bar that are unsupported in the vicinity of the parting is likewise small, being in the order of not more than of the bar circumference.
  • the bar After leaving the rolls l0 and 12 of the second stand in substantially cylindrical form, the bar, having now been refined to a desirable metal structure, may then move on to subsequent stands whose grooves are of conventional design for reduction to final size.
  • the product will be further improved through the use of rolls having the same shape of roll passes but with the diameter of the lower roll somewhat less than the diameter of the upper roll.
  • FIG. 8 in which the rolls are of unequal diameter.
  • the cast section 50 is asymmetrical, the width WT of its upper surface 52 being greater than the width WB of its lower surface 54. Because of this, the area of contact between the continuously cast bar and the upper roll in the first stand is shorter and wider than the area of contact between the continuously cast bar and the smaller lower roll.
  • the contact areas schematically shown at AT and AB in FIG. 8 must be substantially the same.
  • This equalization of contact areas is automatically accomplished by the cast bar passing through the pass with its centerline 56 on the entering side of the rolls below the midpoint 58 between rolls 60 and 62, thus lengthening the contact area LB at the lower roll which is acting on the minor width WB, and shortening the contact area LT at the upper roll which is acting on the wider major width WB.
  • the increment of height reduction HB performed by the lower roll is greater than the corresponding value I-IT for the upper roll.
  • the bar issues with reduced section as at 64 from the pair of rolls 60, 62 with a greater linear velocity than the peripheral velocity of the rolls. This difference is commonly referred to as forward slip.”
  • the magnitude of forward slip has a relationship to the amount of height reduction (HB plus HT) performed in the pass.
  • HB plus HT height reduction
  • the present invention offers a solution to this problem of unequal forward slip by reducing the diameter of the lower roll 62 by an amount proportional to the forward slip difference between upper and lower rolls 60, 62, thereby equalizing the natural delivery speeds of both upper and lower surfaces and removing this source of stress from the bar.
  • the result is that the bar issues from the rolls in substantially straight condition.
  • the amount of diameter difference between rolls 60 and 62 depends on the difference in width between upper and lower surfaces 52 and 54 of the cast bar 50. These widths differ according to the angle of the sides of the groove in the casting wheel.
  • the line 66 of roll 62 represents the flat circular groove of that roll 60 and the line 68 of roll 62 represents the groove, either flat or convex, of that roll.
  • the groove in the roll that engages the lower minor surface of the bar substantially conforms to the said minor surface, it is intended to mean that the groove could be either flat to conform substantially exactly or convex to conform relatively closely.
  • a pair of rolls for performing a rolling operation on a bar of continuously cast'non-ferrous metal having a cross-section generally in the form of a trapezoid with major and minor parallel surfaces one roll having a first circular groove which in crosssection substantially conforms to the major surface of said bar, said first groove including relatively deep sides, the other roll having a second circular groove narrower than the said first groove and which'in crosssection substantially conforms to the minor surface of said bar, said second groove also including relatively deep sides, the spacing of the sides of the said first and second grooves being such that in the rolling operation the displaced metal of said bar will spread laterally thereagainst and the bar delivered from the rolls will have substantially parallel major and minor surfaces, the diameter of the said first and second grooves being such that the forward slip of the major surface of said bar with respect to said first groove is substantially equal to the forward slip. of the minor surface of said bar with respect to said second groove.
  • a pair of rolls for performing a rolling operation on a bar of continuously cast non-ferrous metal having a cross-section generally in the form of a trapezoid with major and minor parallel surfaces one roll having a first groove which in cross-section substantially conforms to the major surface of said bar, said first groove including relatively deep sides, the other roll having a second groove narrower than the said first groove and which in cross-section substantially conforms to the minor surface of said bar, said second groove also including relatively deep sides, the spacing of the sides of the said first and second grooves being such that in the rolling operation the displaced metal of said bar will spread laterally thereagainst and the bar delivered from the rolls will have substantially parallel major and minor surfaces, the spacing of the sides of the second groove being less than the spacing of the sides of the first groove but proportionally more with respect to the initial width of the minor surface than the spacing of the sides of the first groove is to the initial width of the major surface.
  • a pair of rolls for performing a rolling operation on a bar of continuously cast non-fen rous metal having a cross-section generally in the form of a trapezoid with major and minor parallel surfaces one roll having a first circular groove which in crosssection substantially conforms to the major surface of said bar, said first groove including relative deep sides, the other roll having a second circular groove narrower than the said first groove and which in cross-section substantially conforms to the minor surface of said bar, said second groove also including relatively deep sides, the spacing of the sides of the said first and second grooves being such that in the rolling operation the displaced metal of said bar will spread laterally thereagainst and the bar delivered from the rolls will have substantially parallel major and minor surfaces, the diameter of the said first and second grooves being such that the forward slip of the major surface of said bar with respect to said first groove is substantially equal to the forward slip of the minor surface of said bar with respect to said second groove, the spacing of the sides of the second groove being less than the spacing of the sides of the first groove but proportion
  • the method of improving the grain structure in a bar of non-ferrous continuously cast metal in which the bar in cross-section is delivered from the casting process substantially in the form of a trapezoid having major and minor parallel surfaces comprising compressing the bar on both sides according to opposed cylindrical patterns in which the length of the pressure are against the wider major surface is less than the length of the pressure are against the narrower minor surface whereby the decrease in thickness of said bar on the major surface side will be less than the decrease in thickness on the minor surface side and the forward slip of the major and minor surfaces will be substantially equal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Reduction Rolling/Reduction Stand/Operation Of Reduction Machine (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
US00130702A 1971-04-02 1971-04-02 Roll passes for rolling a bar of continuously cast non-ferrous metal and the method improving the metal structure Expired - Lifetime US3729973A (en)

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US13070271A 1971-04-02 1971-04-02

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US (1) US3729973A (en, 2012)
JP (1) JPS5222944B1 (en, 2012)
CA (1) CA963701A (en, 2012)
DE (1) DE2213173C2 (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR2132055B1 (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB1375317A (en, 2012)
ZA (1) ZA72816B (en, 2012)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4007617A (en) * 1974-09-24 1977-02-15 Ab Metalform Method of rolling metal blanks
US4352697A (en) * 1979-10-01 1982-10-05 Southwire Company Method of hot-forming metals prone to crack during rolling
US4391117A (en) * 1978-06-02 1983-07-05 Friedrich Kocks Gmbh & Company Rolling mills and methods of rolling
US4602966A (en) * 1979-10-02 1986-07-29 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Method for improving the quality of cast ingot in continuous casting
EP0395704B1 (en) * 1987-11-17 1993-08-04 ERICKSON, Donald Charles Air fractionation improvements for nitrogen production
US5546782A (en) * 1993-09-28 1996-08-20 Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche Spa Machine to sharpen bars to a point
US6584669B1 (en) 1998-06-10 2003-07-01 Aluminium Pechiney Method for producing metal shapes with a polygonal cross-section by means of continuous casting on a double-flanged wheel and continuous rolling

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PL234616B1 (pl) * 2018-04-09 2020-03-31 Lubelska Polt Urządzenie do rozdrabniania struktury z prowadnicami obrotowymi
PL234615B1 (pl) * 2018-04-09 2020-03-31 Lubelska Polt Narzędzia i sposób rozdrabniania struktury w walcarce skośnej zdwoma walcami

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US948961A (en) * 1909-05-14 1910-02-08 Mathias Peters Manufacture of tubes.
US1147713A (en) * 1912-07-24 1915-07-27 Cambria Steel Company Metal-rolling.
US2139872A (en) * 1933-08-07 1938-12-13 Worthington Warren Sheet metal and procedure for producing the same
US2370895A (en) * 1944-04-28 1945-03-06 Wean Engineering Co Inc Method and apparatus for rolling strip
US3561105A (en) * 1967-06-28 1971-02-09 Southwire Co Method of producing a hot-formed aluminum base product
US3606785A (en) * 1967-08-12 1971-09-21 Olsson Ag Erik Apparatus and method for eliminating or reducing the internal flaws of semifinished products,especially at cast ingots,blocks,blooms,slabs,billets or the like

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
LU28902A1 (en, 2012) * 1947-12-31
FR1381147A (fr) * 1963-03-14 1964-12-04 Mannesmann Ag Procédé et dispositif pour donner à des brames une section transversale sensiblement carrée
NL6809037A (en, 2012) * 1967-06-28 1968-12-30

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US948961A (en) * 1909-05-14 1910-02-08 Mathias Peters Manufacture of tubes.
US1147713A (en) * 1912-07-24 1915-07-27 Cambria Steel Company Metal-rolling.
US2139872A (en) * 1933-08-07 1938-12-13 Worthington Warren Sheet metal and procedure for producing the same
US2370895A (en) * 1944-04-28 1945-03-06 Wean Engineering Co Inc Method and apparatus for rolling strip
US3561105A (en) * 1967-06-28 1971-02-09 Southwire Co Method of producing a hot-formed aluminum base product
US3606785A (en) * 1967-08-12 1971-09-21 Olsson Ag Erik Apparatus and method for eliminating or reducing the internal flaws of semifinished products,especially at cast ingots,blocks,blooms,slabs,billets or the like

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4007617A (en) * 1974-09-24 1977-02-15 Ab Metalform Method of rolling metal blanks
US4391117A (en) * 1978-06-02 1983-07-05 Friedrich Kocks Gmbh & Company Rolling mills and methods of rolling
US4352697A (en) * 1979-10-01 1982-10-05 Southwire Company Method of hot-forming metals prone to crack during rolling
US4602966A (en) * 1979-10-02 1986-07-29 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Method for improving the quality of cast ingot in continuous casting
EP0395704B1 (en) * 1987-11-17 1993-08-04 ERICKSON, Donald Charles Air fractionation improvements for nitrogen production
US5546782A (en) * 1993-09-28 1996-08-20 Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche Spa Machine to sharpen bars to a point
US6584669B1 (en) 1998-06-10 2003-07-01 Aluminium Pechiney Method for producing metal shapes with a polygonal cross-section by means of continuous casting on a double-flanged wheel and continuous rolling

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5222944B1 (en, 2012) 1977-06-21
FR2132055B1 (en, 2012) 1976-08-06
CA963701A (en) 1975-03-04
DE2213173C2 (de) 1986-04-30
ZA72816B (en) 1972-10-25
DE2213173A1 (de) 1972-10-12
GB1375317A (en, 2012) 1974-11-27
FR2132055A1 (en, 2012) 1972-11-17

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